
Class L \1 [1 



Book 



GipglitW. 



COFXRICHT DEPOSIT 






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REBELLION REGISTER: 



A HISTORY OF THE 



PRINCIPAL PERSONS AND PLACES, IMPORTANT DATEi. 

DOCUMENTS AND STATISTICS, MILITARY AND 

POLITICAL, CONNECTED WITH THE 

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. 



TO WHICH IS ADDED 



A CITIZEN'S MANUAL 



CONTAINING 



NATIONAL DOCUMENTS, PROCLAMATIONS, AND STATISTICS 

POLITICAL PLATFORMS, GRANT'S REPORT, 

PARLIAMENTARY RULES, &c., 



ALPHABETICALLY ARRAN^GED. 



COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER AUTHENTIC SOURCES, 

By ROBERT A. CAMPBELL. 



INDIANAPOLIS, IND.: 
A. D. STREIGHT, PUBLISHER, 



1867 

I 



EA-n 



9892 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866 b/ 
EGBERT A. CAMPBELL, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of lodiana. 



Copyright transferred to A. D. STREIGHT, March 12, 18G7. 



BTEBEOTTPED AT tHB 

FRANKLIN TYPE FOUNDBT, 

CINCMNATI, 0. 




PREFATORY. 



A GLANCE at the Title Page will show the general 
scope of this work. It has been the aim of the Author 
to condense into the smallest possible space, consistent 
with precision, clearness, and interest, the multitudinous 
incidents and dates presented. He has avoided all par- 
tisan views, mere speculation, and unprofitable detail. 
The documents, statistics, and extracts are from official 
sources, and given without comment. The historical 
part of the work has been carefully gathered from the 
aburTdant materials at the command of the Author, and 
as^carefully culled and presented. In his labors it has 
been his constant care to make a fair, full statement of 
facts^ rather than any iiis^play of rhetoric. 

It is intended as a reliable and convenient reference 
book upon the topics presented, for the use of the va- 
rious classes and parties of American citizens ; and the 
Author hopes that the execution of the design may not 
be altogether unworthy the approbation already bestowed 
upon the plan. 

(3) 



REBELLION REGISTER, 



Abbeville, Miss., deserted by the rebels and occupied 
by tbe Union forces December 2, 1862. 

Abell, D. K., editor of tbe St. Joseph (Mo.) Tribune, 
arrested October 30, 1863, for publishing treasonable 
articles in his paper. 

Abingdon, Va., was occupied by General Burbridge, 
who destroyed a large amount of stores, including r* 
quantity of salt, December 14, 1864. 

A. B. Ligur, a rebel steamer, was captured near New 
Orleans, November 1, 1862. 

Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia. Bill 
passed the United States Senate April 3, (29 v. 14) ; passed 
the House (93 v. 39) April 11, and was approved by Presi- 
dent Lincoln April 16, 1862. 

Absentees from the army were ordered to their places 
August 11, 1862. 

Accomac and Northampton Counties, Ya., were taken 
possession of by the Union troops, and the rebels in them 
disbanded, November 18, 1861. 

Acquia Creek, Va. — There jvas an engagement. May 
31, 1861, between the rebel batteries near this place and 
the gun-boats Anacosta and Freeborn. After a two-hours' 
battle the gun-boats retired; but, renewing the attack next 
day, the batteries were silenced and a part of the town 
burned. There were undecisive attacks at the same poiut 
July 29 and August 16 of the same year. The place was 
evacuated by the rebels March 18, 1862, thus raising the 
blockade of the Potomac. 

Actual Commencement of War, by the rebels open- 
ing fire upon Fort Sumter, at 4:30 A. M. April 12, 1861. 

Acworth, Ga., was Sherman's head-quarters June 6, 
1864. 

(6) 



6 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Adair County, Ky., was the scene of severe skirmish 
ing December 29, 1861. 

Adairsville, Ga., was occupied by General Howard's 
corps, after defeating the rebels, May 18, 1864. 

Adams, Charles Francis, United States Minister to 
London, received a congratulatory visit from the Eman- 
cipation Society of England January 16, 1863. 

Adams. (See South Carolina Commissioners.) 

Adamstown, Md. (See Second Invasion of Maryland.) 

Adele, an Anglo-Confederate steamer, was captured 
July 6, 1862. 

Admiral, an Anglo-Confederate ship, was captured off 
the coast of Georgia December 13, 1861. 

Aiken, Rev. C. W., was betrayed to the rebels in South 
Carolina December 27, 1860. 

Alabama. — Senator C. C. Clay, Jr., resigned his seat 
in the United States Senate December 10, 1860, and he, 
with his colleague, Benjamin Fitzpatrick, formally with- 
drew from that body January 21 following. Delegates 
to a State Convention were elected (result, in the State, 
over 60,000 for secession) December 24, 1860. They 
assembled at Montgomery January 7, 1861; four days 
later passed a secession ordinance, (61 v. .39,) and ad- 
journed. They reassembled at the same place March 4, 
and on the 13th ratified the so-called Confederate Con- 
stitution, (85 V. 5.) December 24, 1860, the Governor 
issued his call for an extra session of the State Legisla ■ 
ture, convening them January 14, to provide laws tc 
carry into effect the action of the State Convention. 
Arms for the Alabama authorities were seized in New 
York city January 22. 1861, Jeff Davis made a requi- 
sition, April 9, upon Governor Moore for 3,000 troops, 
and on the 16th of the same month President Lincoln 
declared the State in insurrection. 

Alabama, the Anglo-Confederate cruiser, alias <'290," 
was built in England, and sailed from Liverpool July 
29, 1862, for the Azores, where she received her arma- 
ment. Captain Ralph Semmes assumed command August 
24. This pirate captured and destroyed about eighty 
vessels belonging to merchants of the United States, 
including the gun-boat Hatteras, off the coast of Texas, 
January 11, 1863. Captain Semmes, his officers, and 



REBELLION REGISTER. 7 

crew, had a public reception and welcome from the Grov- 
erninent and city officials at Kingston, Jamaica, January 
25, 1863. Arriving at Cherbourg, June 14, 1864, from 
a cruise in the Indian Ocean, she was, in accordance with 
the French law of neutrality, warned to leave that port, 
which she did on the morning of the 19th, first sending 
a challenge to the United States war steamer Kearsage^ 
Captain Winslow. The battle commenced as soon as the 
vessels had reached a point beyond the French juris- 
diction, (three leagues from shore,) and after a short 
engagement the pirate was sunk. Captain Semmes, most 
of his officers, and part of his crew — forty in all — made 
their escape upon the British yacht Deerhound, which 
landed them in England, where they were received with 
much enthusiasm. 

Alabama, a United States war steamer, sailed in search 
of the Anglo-Confederate pirate Florida, February 20, 
1863. 

Albemarle, a rebel ram, was destroyed by Lieutenant 
W. B. Cushing with a torpedo-boat, on Roanoke River, 
October 28, 1864. 

Albert, a United States gun-boat, was accidentally 
burned at Norforlk, Va., May 31, 1863. 

Aldie, Va., the rebels at, capture a squad of fifty 
Union cavalry March 1, 1863, and the next day the 
Union boys captured thirty of Moseby's guerrillas near 
the same place. Cavalry skirmishing again commenced 
June 17, 1863, and continued at intervals until the 21st, 
when the rebels were routed. 

Alert was captured by the Alabama September 9, 1862. 

Alexandria, Va., was declared open as a port of entry 
September 24, 1863. (See Ellsworth.) 

Alexandria, La., was captured by Admiral Porter May 
8, 1863, and a few days later the place was occupied by 
General Banks's army. The city was again occupied 
March 16, 1864, by General A. J. Smith, Admiral Porter 
holding the river. 

Alice, a schooner, was captured by the Alabama No- 
Tember 2, 1862. 

Allatoona, Ga., Sherman flanked Johnston at. May 24, 
1864. Hood moved upon this place October 5, 1864, 
and continued the attack unsuccessfully next day. 



8 REBELIIOX, REGISTER. 

Allatoona Mountains, Ga., were occupied by John- 
ston's rebel arnjy, and the position fortified, May 22, 
1864. Sherman "flanked him" next day, when John- 
ston again retreated. 

Allatoona Pass, Ga., was occupied by Stoneman and 
Garrard's cavalry June 2, 1864. 

Alleghany Arsenal. — Great excitement was caused in 
Pittsburg December 24, 1860, upon the reception of an 
order to send a quantity of arms South, and the citizens 
en masse declared the thing should not be done. The 
order was revoked January 3, 1861. 

Alleghany Camp, near Staunton, Va. — A battle was 
fought at this place December 13, 1861, between Gen- 
eral Milroy's Union force of 750 men, and General John- 
ston's rebels, numbering 2,000. The battle opened at 
daylight, the Union troops retiring about 3 P. M. Loss: 
Union, 30; rebel, 100. 

Altoona, Penn. — The Governors of the loyal States 
met at Altoona September 24, 1862, and adopted an 
address to the President, indorsing all the acts of the 
Government. 

Amendment to the Constitution. (See page — .) 

Ames, Bishop Edward, and Hon. Hamilton Fish were, 
on January 27, 1862, appointed commissioners to visit 
Richmond and other places in the South, to relieve the 
suffering and promote the comfort of the Federal pris- 
oners in rebel hands. They returned February 14, hav- 
ing been refused admission within the Confederate lines, 
but having effected an arrangement for the exchange of 
prisoners. 

Amite River, La. — Rebels dispersed at this place 
March 9, 1863. 

Amnesty Proclamations.— During the rebellion three 
of these proclamations have been issued, as follows : The 
first and second by President Lincoln, December 8, 1863, 
and March 26, 1864, respectively, and the third by Presi- 
dent Johnson, May 29, 1865. For these important docu- 
ments in full, see pages 270 and 271. 

Anderson, Major Robert, assumed command of Fort 
Moultrie November 18, 1860. Acting upon his views 
of the situation and the pending struggle, he spiked the 
guns, destroyed the carriages, and abandoning that point, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 9 

December 26, with his small force, established himself in 
Fort Sumter. This movement caused a great excitement 
in Charleston and other Southern cities, and was sus- 
tained by Congress January 7, 1861. By order of Gen- 
eral Beauregard, April 7, communication between the 
fort and city was prohibited, and on the 11th he sent 
in a summons to surrender. Major Anderson replied 
that his "sense of honor and his obligations to his Gov- 
ernment" would prevent his doing so. The demand 
was repeated and again refused at midnight. The bom- 
bardment commenced at 4:30 o'clock next morning by a 
fire from l"ort Moultrie, followed by all the batteries, 
which nearly surrounded Sumter. Sumter replied at 7 
o'clock, and a vigorous fire was kept up by both parties 
until 6 P. M. The Confederates fired at intervals dur- 
ing the night, and opened again in force at daylight of 
the 13th. The fort held fire until 7 A. M. During the 
morning the barracks of the fort took fire several times 
from the eflfects of shells. When the flames burst forth 
the Confederates redoubled their energies, and with such 
efiect that at five minutes of 1 the garrison capitulated. 
The Federal loss was one man killed; he by the explo- 
sion of the last gun of the salute. It was rumored 
that the Confederate loss was comparatively heavy. 
The garrison were allowed the honors of war. Saluting 
their flag, and taking it and private and company prop- 
erty with them, they sailed, on the 14th, for New 
York, where they arrived on the 18th, and four days 
later received the thanks of the Government for their 
patriotism and bravery. Major Anderson was sub- 
sequently commissioned as Major-General, and, Sep- 
tember 21, assigned to the command of the troops in 
Kentucky, which position he assumed October 5, and 
relinquished, on account of ill health, on the 8th. 

Anderson's Cross Roads, Ky., was the scene of a 
brisk engagement and a rebel defeat, October 2, 1863. 

Andersonville, Ga. (See Prisoners.) 

Annandale, Va., was the scene of a spirited skirmish 
December 13, 1861. A battle was fought near this 
place February 14, 1863, in which the IJnionists were 
defeated, with a loss of 17 killed an4 n^issing, and 21 
wounded. The rebels captured the sutler's stores at 
1* 



10 REBELLION REGISTER. 

this point June 28, 1863. A squad of Union cavalry 
was captured at Annaudale, August 24, 1863, and Mos- 
by's force was repulsed, with considerable loss, at the 
same place, just one year later. 

Antietam, the battle of, was commenced September 
16, 1862. Greneral Hooker crossed the Antietam, near 
Sharpsburg, Md., to feel the rebel left and gain a posi- 
tion ready to attack in the morning. Considerable skir- 
mishing ensued, which lasted till dark. The army slept 
on their arms. The next morning, about 5 o'clock, the 
real battle commenced, by Hooker's corps advancing 
against the rebel left. The fight raged fiercely and 
with varying success, both armies alternately advancing and 
retiring. At the fourth advance the Federals held the 
piece of woods in their front, which was felt to be the key 
of the position. On the left, at 1 o'clock P. M., Burn- 
side had carried the stone bridge at the point of the 
bayonet; and at 4 P. M., he and Franklin in the center 
received orders to advance. Franklin moved his bat- 
teries forward and held his ground. Burnside carried 
the hills in his front; but the enemy being reinforced 
from the left, he was flanked, overpowered, and com- 
pelled to retire to his former position. It was now 
dark, and the battle closed. The forces engaged num- 
bered about 100,000 on each side, the rebels having 
been reinforced by General Jackson's corps, after his 
capture of Harper's Ferry. The line of battle was four 
miles long. The field was fiercely contested, and the 
carnage was terrible. Preparations were immediately 
made to renew the contest on the morrow, but during 
the night the Confederates retreated. The Union loss 
in this fight was stated at 2,010 killed; 9,416 wounded; 
and 1,043 missing. The Confederates acknowledged a 
loss of 14,000, but General McClellan stated it to be 
26,542. General Mansfield was killed ; Generals Rich- 
ardson and Rodman mortally wounded. 

Anthony, a rebel Major, together with Lieutenant 
Davis, were convicted of recruiting for the rebels within 
the Union lines, and, January 2, 1864, sentenced to im- 
prisonment in Fort Warren, for fifteen years. 

Apache Canon, New Mexico, was the scene of a brisk 
engagement, March 28, 1862, between 1,300 Unionists, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 11 

witli six pieces of artillery, under Colonel J. P. Slough, 
and 2,000 Texaus, with one piece of artillery, who were 
in ambush. Colonel Slough attacked the Texans in 
front, while Major Chivington, with a part of the force, 
attacked them in the rear. The fight lasted until 4 
o'clock, when flags of truce were interchanged to bury 
the dead and care for the wounded. The rebels lost 
their entire train, comprising 64 wagons and 230 mules; 
about 150 killed, 200 wounded, and 93 prisoners. The 
Union loss was 20 killed, 54 wounded, and 35 prisoners. 

Apalachicola, Florida, surrendered without resistance 
to the Union forces April 3, 1862. 

Ariel, a California steamer, was captured by the " Ala- 
bama," December 7, 1862, and released upon giving 
bonds for $228,000, payable thirty days after the recog- 
nition of the Southern Confederacy. 

Arizona, through action of a convention held at Me- 
silla, seceded March 16, 1861. The Confederate Con- 
gress subsequently erected a Territorial Government 
over it. On February 24, 1863, all of New Mexico 
west of a line from the point where the south-west 
corner of Colorado joins New Mexico, due south to the 
northern line, Mexico was constituted a separate terri- 
tory, under the name of Arizona, and a temporary gov- 
ernment provided therefor. 

Arizona, a United States gun -boat, was burned below 
New Orleans, February 27, 1865, five of the crew per- 
ishing. 

ArkadelpMa, Ark., was the scene of a battle and 
rebel defeat February 15, 1863. Rebel loss, 25 men; 
Union loss, 14 men. September 8, the rebels were again 
defeated at this point. The place was occupied by Col- 
onel Caldwell, with 700 Federal troops, October 28, after 
driving out the rebel rear guard and capturing several 
hundred prisoners. The place was occupied by 7,000 
rebels, under Marmaduke and Price, January 6, 1864. 

Arkansas. — The State Legislature, on January 16, 
1861, resolved to submit to the people the question of 
calling a State Convention, the vote to be polled Feb- 
ruary 18. The result was (27,410 v. 15,820) in favor 
of a convention — delegates to which were elected, and 
met at Little Rock March 4. After resolving to sub- 



12 REBELLION REGISTER. 

mit the question of secession to the people, the Conven- 
tion adjourned March 21, and met at the same place 
early in May, and on the 6th of that month passed 
(69 V. 1) a secession ordinance, which was ratified by 
the people, and on the 17th the State was admitted as 
one of the "Confederate States of America." The mil- 
itary board, on July 3, called for 10,000 men to repel 
the Union troops. President Lincoln declared the State 
in insurrection August 16. A provisional government 
was inaugurated at Little Rock January 20, 1864. The 
State, by a popular vote, on March 16, 1864, declared 
for a Free State Constitution, and the State Legislature 
ratified the Constitutional Amendment prohibiting slavery, 
April 1, 1865. 

Arkansas City, Texas, surrendered to the Union 
forces March 17, 1863 ; 100 prisoners and 3 guns were 
taken. 

Arkansas, the rebel iron-clad ram, on July 15, 1862, 
ran the blockade of the Yazoo River, and passed through 
the Union fleet, and anchored under the guns of the shore 
batteries. The gun-boats' fire had no effect on her. Sev- 
eral were killed and wounded on the fleet by the shots 
from the Arkansas. On the 22d, the Union ram Queen 
of the West attacked the Arkansas, endeavoring to sink 
her, but came ofi' defeated. The Arkansas then made for 
Baton Rouge, where she was attacked by the Union gun- 
boat Essex, and after a short engagement, was sunk 
August 6. 

Arkansas Post, Ark, — A combined land and naval 
force was sent against this place. The land force, under 
General McCleruand, landed about one mile below the 
place, under cover of the gun-boats, January 10, 1863. 
The day following the Union forces stormed the works, 
aided by the gun-boats, under Admiral Porter. The 
whole garrison surrendered. The Union loss was 100 
killed and 500 wounded; rebel loss, 500 killed and 
wounded ; 5,000 prisoners were taken, including Gen- 
eral Churchill, commanding, and all the ammunition and 
stores. Two Texas regiments, ignorant of the change 
of affairs, and anxious to reinforce the rebels, marched 
into the camp on the 12th, and were added to the list 
of Union captures. The fort (Hiudman) at this place 



REBELLION REGISTER. 13 

was destroyed, and the place abandoned by the Unionists 
on tlie 29th. 

Arlington, Va., was occupied by Sheridan's forces 
March 7, 1865. 

Arlington Heights, opposite Washington, were fortified 
May 16, 18(31. 

Arrow Rock, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish 
October 13, 18G3. 

Arsenals. — At the outbreak of the rebellion, the pos- 
session of the arsenals was an important item to each 
party, and hence the efforts made to capture or destroy 
them. The arsenals at the following places were sur- 
rendered to or taken possession of by the State author- 
ities as follows: Augusta, Georgia, January 24, 1861; 
Baton Roue:e, Louisiana, January 10, 1861 : Fayetteville, 
N. C, April 22, 1861; Liberty, Mo., April 20, 1861; 
Little Rock, Ark., February 8, 1861; Mobile, Ala., 
January 4, 1861; Napoleon, Ark., April 22, 1861. On 
April 28, 1861, a detachment of Illinois troops, under 
Captain Stokes, of the regular army, succeeded in re- 
moving, from the arsenal at St. Louis about twenty 
thousand stand of arms, besides one hundred and ten 
thousand cartridges, cannon, equipments, etc., and con- 
veyed them to Springfield, Illinois. (See Harper's Ferry.) 

Ashby's Gap, Va., was occupied by the Union forces 
November 4, 1862, and soon abandoned. The rebel 
pickets at this place were driven in on the 28th of the 
same month. The Union forces were repulsed here July 
18 and 20, 1864, with a loss of nearly 500 men; and on 
February 19, 1865, a Union force of 110 men were sur- 
prised and captured by 40 guerrillas. 

Ashland, Va., was dashed into by some Union cavalry 
May 29, 1862. They captured a train of quartermaster's 
and commissary stores. The town was occupied by 
Union cavalry May 3, 1863. 

Ashland Station, Va., was occupied by Sheridan's 
forces May 11, 1864. He destroyed two trains of cars, 
locomotives, engine-houses, Confederate store-house, and 
six miles of railroad. 

Atchafalaya Bayou was reached and pontooned by 
General Bank's forces, in their retreat toward New 
Orleans, May 19, 1864. 



14 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Athens, Ala., garrisoned with 100 Union troops, was 
attacked January 26, 1864, by General Forrest, with 600 
men, who, after a two hours' fight, was defeated ; 5 rebels 
killed and a number wounded and captured; Union loss, 
10 wounded. Again on September 23, 186-4, the same 
General, with a force of 8,000 strong, attacked the place 
and defeated 500 Unionists. 

Athens, Ky., was the scene of a brisk skirmish Feb- 
ruary 23, 1863. The guerrilla Morgan (brother to John) 
was taken prisoner. 

Athens, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish August 5, 
1861. 

Atlanta, Ga., was occupied and fortified, by the rebel 
forces under Johnson, July 10, 1864. On the 20th, Sher^ 
man's army was within two and a half miles of the place, 
and threatening the main roads leading to and from the 
city. Johnson had been relieved from command of the 
rebels by General Hood, and forthwith proceeded to put 
in operation a style of tactics, which were directly the 
opposite of the slow movements of his predecessor. He 
made three assaults on the right of the position, at 
Peach-tree Creek, defended by General Joe Hooker, with 
the 20th Corps, but was "bloodily repulsed." He ma- 
neuvered skillfully, about daylight, and attacked a weak 
spot, or gap, in the lines, which were of unusual and 
dangerous length, extending some twelve miles. Hood 
sent out deserters to give false news of his having 
abandoned Atlanta; he also withdrew his skirmishers, 
the better to support the deception. He then fell on 
Sherman's forces, before the hitter's order of battle was 
fully prepared, and when he had but just crossed the 
river. At one time, General Hood was nigh successful 
in piercing the weakened center. He would thus have 
retrieved the calamities of the campaign, but for some 
fortuitous circumstances, and the indomitable pluck of 
the 20th Corps, aided by General Newton of the 4th 
Corps, and part of Palmer's 14th Corps. Hood gained 
some slight advantages in the early part of the day, but 
at night had to relinquish them all. Late at night he 
retired to his earth-works, leaving over 1,300 prisoners. 
He had 1,200 killed and 4,000 wounded. Union loss, 
1,700. 



REBELLION REGLSTER. 15 

He made another attack on the left of the Union lines 
on the 22d. Logan's corps (the 15th), as also the 17th 
and JDodge's (16tli Corps), felt the shock of his charges 
most severely. In the early part of the day he gained 
some temporary successes, as on the 20th. He took 
some works, which he was at a later time, obliged to re- 
linquish; he was finally driven back with heavy loss. 
The enemy made six furious assaults on the 17th Corps. 
During the heat of battle, the rebel General Wheeler, 
with his raiders, attacked the rear of the 15th Corps, 
and captured 10 wagons. Their presence gave rise to 
the belief that Hood had outflanked the army ; this 
caused a serious panic in the 15th Corps, who were also 
attacked at the same time in front, and driven from their 
main line of intrenchments to their second line, a distance 
of 500 yards to the rear ; but they quickly reformed and 
took their old position. The gifted and valorous Gene- 
ral James B. McPherson met his death early in the day. 
The rebels lost 3,100 killed, 5,000 wounded, 3,200 pris- 
oners, 25 stand of colors, and 5,000 muskets. Union 
loss, 3,720, killed, wounded, and missing. 

On the 28th, General Sherman attempted to extend 
his line to the right, by subtracting his left corps and 
sending them to the other extremity of the line, so as 
to reach the west of Atlanta. The enemy observing the 
movement, massed his troops in the same direction, and 
was successful in his onset. In the afternoon the for- 
tune of battle had changed. 

Atlanta was now heavily bombarded for some days. 
On August 26, after getting all things in readiness. Gen- 
eral Sherman made a feint of retreating, in order to cover 
his "flanking" the place. On September 1, Hood blew 
up his magazine, destroyed 7 locomotives, 81 ears loaded 
with ammunition, small arms, and stores, partially de- 
stroyed 14 guns, and retreated south. 

General Slocum entered the town September 2, at 11 
o'clock A. M. It is estimated that the total Union loss 
from Chattanooga to Atlanta, in killed, wounded, and 
missing, is 31,500 men, 15 cannon, and 5 flags. The 
rebel loss for the same time, 44,000 men, 32 cannon, 30 
flags, and 20,000 s-mall arms. 

On the 4th, General Sherman issued his order that 



16 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Atlanta must be held for military purposes exclusively, 
and sending all the inhabitants north or south, as they 
may choose. General Hood, on the 9th, protested, "in 
the name of God and humanity," against this order, but 
accepted a proposed truce for the removal. General 
Sherman's orders for the march from Atlanta were issued 
November 9. They direct troops to " forage liberally on 
the country," forbid trespassing by soldiers, and hold the 
country responsible for attacks by guerrillas. The public 
buildings were burned or blown up, the place rendered 
a desert, and evacuated November 14, and Sherman's 
forces were "marching to the sea." 

Atzerodt, one of Booth's accomplices, was captured 
at Monocacy, near Baltimore, April 20, 1865. (Se? 
Harold.) 

Auburn, Tenn., was the scene of a brisk but undeci- 
Bive skirmish, March 20, 1863. 

Auger, General, about October 20, 1864, adopted the 
•plan of placing in conspicuous places, upon each train on 
the Manassas Gap Railroad, prominent secessionists, resi- 
dents of the vicinity, as a protection against attacks from 
guerrillas. The plan accomplished the desired object. 

Augusta, Ga. (See Arsenal.) 

Augusta, Ky., was, on September 27, 1862, captured 
by rebel guerrillas, the garrison, after a stubborn fight, 
being compelled to surrender to superior forces. The 
rebels lost 90 killed and wounded. Union loss about 50. 

Austin, Miss., was burned by Union forces, May 24, 
1863. 

Averysboro, N. C— On March 16, 1865, the 14th 
Corps, of Sherman's army, had a fi^ht with Hardee at 
this place, in which the latter was defeated, leaving all 
his dead in General Davis's hands, and retreating to 
Bentonsville. Union loss about 1,000 killed and wounded. 
Rebel loss less than half that number, on account of their 
works protecting them. 

Avoyelles Prairie, La., was the scene of a short but 
spirited battle on May 16, 1864, between General Banks's 
retreating forces and the rebels, who were endeavoring to 
cut him off. The rebels were driven with great loss, 
considering the time and numbers engaged. 

Aylett's, Va., was surprised and captured by Union 



REBELLION REGISTER, 17 

forces, under Colonel Fitspatrick, May 5, 1863. A party 
of 50 rebel cavalry were surprised and taken prisoners 
at the same time. 

Bachelor's Creek, N. C, was, on May 20, 1864, the 
scene of an accidental explosion of four recently captured 
rebel torpedoes, killing and wounding several Union 
soldiers. (See Newbern.) 

Bagley, a Union gun-boat, was blown up by torpe- 
does, on the Roanoke River, December 10, 1864. 

Bahia. (See privateer Florida.) 

Bailey's Dam was built partially across the Red River 
at the falls near Alexandria, raising the river at that 
point, and thus releasing Admiral Porter's fleet from its 
apparently hopeless situation above the falls. The force 
employed consisted of 3,000 men and 300 teams, under 
direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Bailey, who commenced 
operations May 2, 1864, and on the 13th the last of the 
fleet passed in safety, thus saving vessels valued at 
$2,000,000. 

Bainbridge, Tenn. — Sturgis's cavalry attacked and 
drove the videttes out of this place January 14, 1864, 
but subsequently fell back before superior numbers. 
Three days later the rebels renewed the attack, and Gen- 
eral Sturgis fell back to Strawberry Plains. The skir- 
mishing lasted from daylight until 4 P. M., when Colonel 
McCook charged upon and completely routed them. 
Union loss, 150. Johnson's brigade of Rhoddy's army 
crossed the Tennessee River at this point, January 26, 
1864. 

Baker, Edward D., United States.Senator from Oregon, 
was appointed Major-General of volunteers, September 
21, 1861, and one month later was killed in battle, while 
gallantly leading his men near Ball's Bluflf. (See Ball's 
Blufi-.) 

Baker's Creek, or Champion Hill, battle of, (25 miles 
west of Jackson, Miss.,) May 16, 1863. The forces 
engaged were about 26,000 on each side — the Unionists 
under General Grant, the rebels under Pemberton. The 
rebels were routed, and retired behind the Big Black 
River, with a loss of 16 pieces of artillery, 3,000 pris- 
oners, 1,000 killed and wounded. Union losSj 1,700 
killed or wounded. 



18 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Baldwin, Fla. — A force 5,000 strong, under G-eneral 
Seymour, advanced to and fortified this place February 
18, 1864. Ten days later they evacuated the place, burn- 
ing the stores, etc. The town was held by the rebels 
from that time till July 25, at which date General 
Birney, entering Florida by the St. Mary's River, drove 
out the rebels, and the place was occupied by Union 
forces. 

Ball's Bluff, Va., battle of, October 21, 1861.— Colonel 
E. D. Baker, with 2,000 men, crossed the Potomac at 
Harrison's Island and Ball's Bluflf, under orders from 
Oeoeral Stone. About 4 P. M. they were suddenly 
attacked by a body of 5,000 Confederates, under General 
Evans. Being overpowered, they were driven back to 
the river, and many, for want of means to cross, were 
drowned or slaughtered on the banks. Baker fell at the 
first fire. General Stone was arrested and confined in 
Fort Lafayette, on suspicion of foul play. The Union 
loss was about 1,000 men, of whom nearly 300 were 
killed, and 500, including part of the wounded, taken 
Prisoners. 

Baltimore, Md. — An immense secession meeting was 
held at Baltimore, in Monument Square, on the even- 
ing of April 18, 1861. Violent disunion speeches were 
made, and the meeting adjourned with enthusiastic cheers 
for "the South" and for "President Davis." Next day 
the city was in the hands of the mob, with whom the 
6th Massachusetts and 7th Pennsylvania regiments had 
a fight. Three soldiers were killed and eight wounded. 
Of the mob, eleven were killed and several wounded. 
The same day the Mayor of the city notified the Presi- 
dent that no more troops could pass through the city 
without fighting their way. The mob on the following 
day, April 20, destroyed the telegraph lines and various 
bridges and culverts on the railroads, thus checking 
communication between Washington and the North. The 
city militia was speedily organized in the Southern in- 
terest, but was disbanded on May 6. General Butler 
took possession of Federal Hill, thus commanding the 
city, and re-establishing communications and travel through 
it on the 13th. June 15th the B. and 0. R. R. was 
re-opened to Harper's Ferry. On the 17th, Marshal Geo. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 19 

P. Kane was arrested for treason, the Police Commis- 
sioners superseded, and John R. Kenly appointed Provost- 
marshal of the city. The Board of Police protested 
againt the arrest of Kane, but without avail ; they were 
arrested July 1, and confined, with their chief, in Fort 
Henry. During the rebel invasion of Pennsylvania, 
martial law was proclaimed in the city, June 30, 1863. 

Banks, N. P., was appointed Major-General of vol- 
unteers, May 30, 1861, and on June 10 he was detailed 
to, and assumed command of, the Department of An- 
napolis. On July 19 he was assigned to command the 
forces on the Upper Potomac, which position he assumed 
July 25. The various actions in this department will 
be found under their appropriate headings. 

Banks's expedition (with sealed orders) sailed from 
New York December 4, 1862. It encountered a severe 
storm, and two of the vessels, in distress, put into Port 
Royal on the 11th, and one into Philadelphia on the 
15th. The expedition arrived at New Orleans December 
14, on which day General Banks relieved General But- 
ler of the command of the Department of the Gulf. 
The formalities of General Butler's leave-taking, and of 
General Banks's assuming command, occurred the next 
day. 

General Banks published the President's Emancipa- 
tion Proclamation to the people of Louisiana February 
6, 1863. The secessionists were highly incensed at this, 
and made an attempt to assassinate the General on his 
way to the opera, on the evening of the 11th. He con- 
tinued in command of this department until General 
Canby relieved him. May 21, 1864. This command 
General Banks resumed December 1 of the same year. 
(The movements of his army, etc., will be found under 
their appropriate heads.) 

Barbarities. — Mention will be made of only a few of 
the many instances. 

German farmers massacred by a rebel mob in Western 
Texas, January 10, 1863. 

Five Union men shot, in cold blood, by the rebels, at 
Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 23, 1863. 

Attempt to assassinate General Banks, February 11, 
1863. 



20 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Captain Dwight, after surrender, is murdered by the 
rebels, at Washington, La., May 4, 1863. 

The rebel authorities refused to receive supplies for 
Union prisoners starving in the South, December 12, 
1863. 

A Union soldier was found hung at Smith's Mills, Va., 
with a placard calling it "retaliation," January 14, 1864. 

A company of colored troops were surprised and cap- 
tured near Grand Lake, Miss., by guerrillas, February 14, 
1864. After surrendering, all but two were killed. 

Rev. Dr. Cox, Chaplain 25th regiment Corps d'Afrique, 
was captured near Donaldsonville, La., by guerillas, and 
hanged, February 20, 1864. 

The rebels at Kingston, N. C., hung 23 Union prison- 
ers of war, one a drummer-boy 15 years old, March 6, 
1864. 

Five Union generals and 45 other officers were placed 
under fire at Charleston, June 15, 1864, and kept there 
until retaliation compelled the rebels to end their 
unchristian course. 

During a tacit truce, the rebels treacherously opened 
fire upon the Union soldiers outside their works, killing 
and wounding many, September 1, 1864. 

An attempt was made, through rebel emissaries, on 
Nov. 25, 1864, to fire New York city by means of prepa- 
rations of phosphorus left simultaneously in rooms, hired 
by the incendiaries, in fifteen of the chief hotels; Bar- 
num's Museum and several ships were also fired; some 
of the fires caught, but none gained much headway. 
(See Fort Pillow, Mobs, New York Riots, Prisoners.) 

Barbour, Va., was the scene of a skirmish between 
the cavalry forces under Pleasanton (U.) and Stewart 
(R.) Nov. 5, 1862. Rebels driven with considerable 
loss. 

Barb ours ville, Va., was the scene of a skirmish, July 
12, 1861, without any definite result. Four days later 
the rebels were defeated at the same place. A battle 
commenced here September 17, without loss to either 
side. It was resumed next day, and the rebels whipped. 
Union loss 1 killed and 1 wounded ; rebel loss 15 killed 
and wounded. The place was occupied by Union forces 
without opposition November 4, 1861. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 21 

Bardstown, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish Sep- 
tember 19, 1861. The Unionists coming up in force, 
the rebels evacuated the town, which the Unionists occu- 
pied October 4, 1862. Morgan's guerrillas captured the 
place July 7, 1863. It was again similarly captured and 
plundered June 18, 1864; and on January 17, 1865, 
another band of guerrillas attempted to burn the town. 
After a heavy fight, the Union garrison drove them out. 

Barnsville, Ark. — Rebels routed at this place August 
26, 1863. 

Barnwell C. H., S. C, was burned by Sherman's troops 
February 5, 1865. 

Bates, Attorney-General, resigned November 30, 1864. 

Batesville, Ark., was dashed into on February 4, 1863, 
by a party of Union cavalry, who drove Marmaduke's 
forces out of the place, killing, wounding, and capturing 
a great many. 

Bath, Va. — On January 4, 1862, General Jackson, 
with a large rebel force, attacked about 1,000 Union 
troops at Bath. Being overpowered by superior num- 
bers, the Unionists fell back to Hancock. There was a 
cavalry skirmish at this place September 8, 1863. 

Baton Rouge, La., battle of, Aug. 5, 1862. The 
Union troops were first driven from their position, but 
rallied and routed the rebels, who left their dead and 
wounded. Union loss 60 killed, (including General Wil- 
liams, who commanded the Union forces,) 161 wounded, 
and 29 missing. The Confederates lost about 600 killed, 
and a large number wounded and prisoners. An ex- 
pedition left New Orleans for Baton Rouge December 
16, 1862, and the place was occupied by Union troops 
the next day. The capitol building was destroyed by 
fire about ten days later. 

Baylor's Farm, battle of, June 15, 1864. Union vic- 
tory, the rebels losing 16 guns and 300 prisoners. 

Bayou Cache, battle of, June 7, 1862. The advance 
of General Curtis's army encountered 1,500 rebels, and 
after a desperate fight of two hours, put them to flight 
leaving 110 dead on the field. Union loss, 7 killed and 
57 wounded. 

Bayou Coteau, battle of, November 3, 1863. The 
rebels, 7,000, having received infersaation from deswters 



22 REBELLION REGISTER. 

of the strength and position of the Union forces, 1,600, 
attacked in force at 12 o'clock to-day. The Unionists 
were compelled to yield to superior numbers, and were 
driven about a mile, when a new line was formed. Being 
reinforced by General McGinnis's division, the Unionists 
advanced again. The rebels fled, first plundering and 
burning the captured camp. The Unionists occupied 
their old camping ground. Rebel loss, about 120 in 
killed and wounded, and 200 prisoners. Union loss, 26 
killed, 124 wounded, and 566 missing. 

Bayou Metaire Bridge, Ark., battle of, August 27, 
1863. General Davidson, 'with 8,000 men of all arms, 
met the rebels, 7,000 strong, strongly posted at Bayou 
Metaire Bridge, and skirmished with them till dark. 

Bayou Plaquemine, La. — The rebels burned 400 bales 
of cotton at this place, belonging to poor citizens in the 
vicinity, April 14, 1864. 

Bayou Sara, La. — On July 9, 1863, the Unionists 
were here defeated, losing 210 prisoners. The rebels 
made a raid on this place, November 9, 1863. (See Port 
Hudson.) 

Bay St. Louis, Miss. — A Union raid was made on this 
place, October 23, 1863, and a number of prisoners re- 
taken from the enemy. 

Beal, John Yates, of Virginia, was sentenced, on 
February 14, 1865, at Fort Lafayette, to be hung as a 
spy and violator of the laws of war. He was one of the 
Lake Erie pirates, and concerned in other rebel raids on 
the Northern frontier. He was hung ten days later. 

Bealington, Va. — Skirmish and rebel rout, July 8, 
1861. 

Bealston Station, Va. — Mosby's guerrillas, in Union 
uniform, attempted to capture the forces at Bealston 
Station, but were discovered in time to frustrate their 
designs, November 20, 1863. 

Bean Station, Tenn. — Longstreet turned upon his 
pursuers, under Shaekleford, at this point, December 14, 
1863, and a sharp fight ensued, lasting from 2 P. M. 
until dark ; the Federal forces fell back to Tazewell. 
Union loss reported at 700 killed and wounded and 
prisoners; rebel loss admitted by General Gracie, who 
was wounded and oaptur«d, at 900. (See SaltTille.) 



REBELLION REGISTER. 23 

Bear Creek, Mo. — The rebels were routed near this 
place, February 5, and also on April 17, 1863. 

Beaufort, S. C, was found deserted by Commodore 
Dupont, who arrived there November 8, 1861. The 
place was occupied by Union forces December 6. There 
was an indecisive skirmish near this place February 5, 
1862; also on January 7, 1863. A colored regiment, 
sent out from this place, returned May 3, 1863, having 
captured 800 slaves and destroyed $2,000,000 worth of 
rebel property. Sherman's head-quarters was at this 
point January 23, 1865. 

Beaufort, N. C. General Terry's force in the trans- 
port fleet, after a boisterous passage, arrived at this place 
January 8, 1865, and arranged with Rear-Admiral Porter 
the attack on Fort Fisher. 

Beauregard, General, assumed command of the rebels 
at Charleston, March 4, 1861. (See Anderson.) He 
relinquished this command May 27, and assumed com- 
mand of the rebel army at Manassas Junction June 2. 
He was promoted to the rank of General in the rebel 
army July 21, 1861. He assumed command of the rebel 
army in Mississippi March 5, 1862, and three days 
later made his celebrated "bell call," begging of the 
planters to send in their bells for conversion into cannon. 
On January 31, 1863, he issued a proclamation declaring 
the blockade of Charleston legally raised. On Febru- 
ary 18 he issued a proclamation to the people of Charles- 
ton and Savannah, stating the apprehensions of an early 
attack, and calling upon all able-bodied men to rally, 
with arms, pikes, scythes, spades, and shovels, for the 
defense of their homes and families. He protested 
against shelling Charleston August 22, 1863. And Feb- 
ruary 6, 1864, he paid a United States tax on property 
in Memphis. He assumed supreme command of the 
rebel "Army of the West" October 17, 1864, and was 
superseded by General J. E. Johnson February 25, 
1865. 

Beauregard, a privateer, was captured November 12, 
1861. 

Beaver Dam, Va., was occupied by Union cavalry. 
May 3, 1863, and again by Sheridan's forces. May 9, 
1864, who destroyed three long trains of oars, the depot, 



24 REBELLION REGISTER. 

two locomotives, eight miles of railroad and bridges, and 
an immense amount of supplies, estimated at 1,500,000 
rations; 378 Union wounded and prisoners, about to 
leave for Richmond, were re-captured. 

Beaver Dam Creek, Va. — A body of Union cavalry 
from Fredericksburg made a descent on the Virginia 
Central Railroad, at this place, July 20, 1862, destroyed 
the railroad and telegraph for several miles, and burned 
the depot, which contained large quantities of commis- 
sary and ordnance stores. 

Beckwith, Mo., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
October 13, 1861. 

Bedford, Pa., was occupied by Milroy's rebel forces 
June 18, 1863. 

Belle Boyd, a notorious rebel spy, was captured near 
Martinsburg, Va., August 29, 1863, and sent to Old 
Capitol Prison. 

Belle Plain, La. — The rebels were defeated in a fight 
at this place May 21, 1863. 

Belle Station, Tenn., was occupied by Burnside in his 
retreat on Knoxville, November 16, 1863. 

Belmont, Mo., battle of, November 7, 1861. Generals 
Grant and McClernand, who left Cairo with a force of 
2,850 men, landed at Belmont at 8 A. M. Immediately 
forming in line of battle, they advanced on the enemy's 
camp, and succeeded, after a stubborn resistance, in 
driving them for some distance and burning their camp. 
The Confederates being reinforced, General Grant with- 
drew his army to the boats. The advance and retreat 
were covered by the gun-boats Lexington and Tyler. 

Benjamin, J. P., Senator from Louisiana, made a strong 
secession speech in the Senate December 31, 1860, from 
which body he withdrew February 5, 1861. He was 
appointed Attorney-General for the Rebel Government, 
and July 12 of the same year issued his "retaliatory 
circular." 

Bennett's Mills was the scene of a skirmish Septem- 
ber 1, 1861; casualties slight. 

Bentonville, Ark., was occupied by Union troops 
February 20, 1862. 

Bentonsville, N. C— The 20th Corps, General Sher- 
man's army, met the enemy at this place, 26 miles south- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 25 

west of Goldsboro, March 19, 1865, where their advan-'o 
was checked until the arrival of the 14th Corps, whion 
held the enemy at bay, when the 17th Corps arrived 
and flanked the enemy, who left in confusion for Ra- 
leigh. _ 

Berlin, Md. — An important bridge was burned by the 
rebels at this place June 8, 1861. Colonel Geary, with 
a part of the 28th Pennsylvania volunteers, took pos- 
session of the place, and shelled the rebels from their 
positions September 30. 

Berlin, Ohio. (See John Morgan.) 

Bermuda Hundred. — General Butler, moving by water 
from Yorktown, seized this place and intrenched himself 
May 5, 186-1. June 2, a rebel charge was repulsed with 
severe loss. A short skirmish on February 17, 1865, 
resulted in a route of the rebels. (See Butler, Grant's 
report, etc.) 

Berrett, Mayor of Washington, D. C, was arrested 
August 24, 1861, on a charge of treason. He was sent 
to Fort Lafayette. Upon taking the oath of allegiance, 
was released September 12. 

Berry's Ferry, Va. — In a skirmish at this place May 
16, 1863, 16 men of the 1st New York cavalry defeated 
22 rebel cavalry, killing 2, wounding 5, and capturing 
10 men. 

Berryville, Va., was the scene of a skirmish with and 
capture of a few rebels April 21, 1863. The place was 
occupied by rebels June 13, after driving out McRey- 
nolds. General Wright arrived here July 19, 1864, in 
his pursuit after Early, and August 10, after some skir- 
mishing, Sheridan encamped here. 

Bertie, N. C. — A party, under Lieutenant-Colonel 
Maxwell, destroyed at this place, Feb. 26, 1864, over 
$200,000 worth of tobacco, cotton, pork, etc., and brought 
away many horses, mules, cattle, and wagons. 

Bertrand, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish December 
11, 1861. 

Berwick Bay, La. — At a skirmish near this place 
March 18, 1863, the rebels were repulsed, with a loss of 
12 killed and 20 wounded. 

Beverly, Va. — By a forced march. General McClellan 
captured Colonel Pegram and 600 men at this place 
2 



26 REBELLION REGISTER. 

July 12, 1861. The Union forces were defeated at the 
same point April 24, 1863. 

Beverly Ford, Va. — There was a cavalry fight at this 
place June 9, 1863, between 15,000 of Stuart's cavalry 
and the Union cavalry, 9,000 strong, under General 
Pleasanton. It lasted from 5 A. M. to 3 P. M., when 
the rebels being heavily reinforced, Pleasanton withdrew, 
carrying off his wounded and 200 prisoners ; also the 
bodies of his dead officers. The rebels had been driven 
back from three to five miles. This action frustrated, 
for a time, the intended invasion of Pennsylvania. 

Big Bethel, Ya., battle of. — Three regiments of Union 
troops from Hampton, Va., under General Pierce, moved 
about midnight of June 9, 1861, to attack the rebels at 
Big Bethel. At Little Bethel the advance and main 
body mistook each other for enemies, and fired, killing 
2 and wounding 19. This alarmed the rebels, and the 
intended surprise was foiled. They then pushed on to 
Big Bethel, attacked the rebels, and after a fight of two 
hours' duration, the Union forces were compelled to 
withdraw. Union loss, 15 killed, 28 wounded, several 
missing; rebel loss, unknown. This place was occupied 
by Union forces January 3, 1862, and soon abandoned to 
the rebels, who again evacuated at the approach of the 
Unionists March 27, 1862. 

Big Black River, Miss., was reached by Union forces 
May 2, 1863, and the battle of the Big Black occurred 
on the 16th. Grant again advanced toward Vicksburg, 
met Pemberton, and drove him into Vicksburg, with the 
loss of 2,600 men and 17 pieces of artillery. The rebels 
burned the bridge on their retreat. A brisk skirmish 
was fought near the bridge, without decided result, June 
17, and six days later Gen. Osterhaus was attacked at the 
same place by Johnston's army. After a long engage- 
ment, Johnston went back again, his army having suf- 
fered terribly. The guerrilla Johnson was hotly pursued 
a few miles below the bridge July 6, and the Union 
forces captured nearly 2,000 men from the rebels at the 
same place two days later. There was a skirmish on the 
Big Black, 18 miles below Vicksburg. October 13. 
Rebels defeated, with a loss of 15 killed and wounded j 
Union loss 1 kilkd. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 27 

General Sherman's forces, consisting of 25,000 infantry, 
1,200 cavalry, and 40 guns, commenced crossing the 
Big Black February 3, 1864, and the rear guard crossed 
it on the 7th. The Mississippi Central Railroad bridge 
over the Big Black was destroyed November 27, 1864. 
Major Crook and the 3d colored cavalry charged across 
the bridge on the ties, under rebel fire, and carried the 
defenses. 

Big" Creek, Miss. — The rebels were defeated in a brisk 
ekirmish at this place July 11, 1863. 

Big Hurricane Creek, Mo. — There was a battle at this 
place October 19, 1861, between 220 .Federal soldiers 
and 400 rebels ; the Confederates were completely routed. 

Big Mulberry Creek, Ala., battle of, April 1, 1865. 
General Wilson defeated the rebels under Forrest (com- 
manding), Chalmers, Rhoddy, and Lyon, taking 4 gun8 
and over 200 prisoners. 

Big Shanty, Ga., was occupied by McPherson's forces 
June 8, 1864, the rebels falling back on his approach. 
Quite a battle, in which the rebels were defeated, oc- 
curred here June 25. Hood made an attack upon this 
place October 5, 1864, and captured most of the garrison, 
but was soon driven out with heavy loss. 

Biloxi, Miss., and its defenses surrendered to the 
Union fleet December 31, 1861. 

Birds Point, Mo., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
July 8, 1861. The rebels at this point were routed and 
dispersed February 28, 1862. The Union forces took 
45 prisoners and six guns. 

Birds Gap, Tenn. — The rebels attacked General Rose- 
crans at this place September 13, 1863, 

Birney, Major General, died at Philadelphia, October 
18. 1864. 

Black Bayou, La., was the scene of brisk skirmishes 
March 5 and April 5, 1863. 

Blackburn Ford, Va. — An engagement occurred at 
this place July 18, 1861, between a reconnoitering party 
of General McDowell's army and the Confederates. 
After a fight of a few hours, the Federals were ordered 
to withdraw, having accomplished their object. 

Black Jack Forest, Tenn., was the scene of a brisk 
skirmish March 17, 1862. 



28 REBELLION* REGISTER. 

Black Eiver, Mo., was tlie scene of a sklrmisli Sep- 
tember 12, 1861. 

Blackville, S. C, was occupied by General William's 
corps February 9, 1861. 

Black Walnut Creek, Mo., was tlie scene of a brisk 
action November 27, 1861. 

Blaokwater Bridge, Va. — The Union force at this 
point was OYOiwlielmed by numbers and forced to retire, 
witb a loss of 15 killed and wounded, December 11, 

1862, An indecisive skirmish took place on the 26tli. 
Skirmishes occurred March 8 and 17, also June 17, 

1863, all resulting in Union victories. 

A cavalry force from Grant's army made the passage 
of the river at this point March 18, 1865, destroying a 
large amount of cotton and other stores. 

Blackweil, N. C, was occupied by Kilpatrick Feb- 
ruary 7, 1865. 

Blair, jr., Y. P., was ordered under arrest by the 
Provost-marshal of St. Louis, September 15, 1861. 
He oiFered his resignation as Major-General, to date from 
January 1, 1864. This he recalled April 20, and on the 
23d assumed command of the 17th Army Corps. (His 
military history beyond this will be found under the 
appropriate battle headings.) 

Blair, sen., F. P., together with Montgomery Blair, 
arrived at General Grant's head-quarters December 30, 

1864, on their way to Richmond. General Grant refused 
to pass them through his lines, and they returned. Mr. 
F. P. Blair, sen., however, within a day or two set out 
for Richmond, returning on the 6th of January, 1865, 
and on the 8th again repeated the journey, accompanied 
by General Singleton. It was supposed that this time 
he carried informal peace propositions. He returned on 
the 18th, having accomplished nothing. His third trip 
he commenced on the 20th, and on the 26th returned. 
The result of these several trips was nothing. 

Blakeley, Ala., and the entire line of works for the 
defense of Mobile were captured April 9, 1865, including 
3,000 prisoners, 2 general officers, 20 guns, and much 
ammunition. 

Blandville, Ky., was surprised and plundered by 
guerrillas November 7, 1863. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 29 

Blockade. — The President of the United States, April 
19, 1861, issued a proclamation, declaring a blockade of 
the ports of the seceded States, viz. : South Carolina, 
«, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
Texas; and the Secretary of the Treasury ordered that 
no clearances should be granted to vessels bound south 
of Maryland. The blockade was actually established as 
follows: Charleston, S. C, May 11; Mississippi River, at 
Cairo, May 13 ; New Orleans, May 26 ; Savannah, May 28. 

The rebels blockaded the Mississippi Hiver, at Mem- 
phis, May 26, 1861. 

The blockade of New Orleans was modified, and a 
collector appointed. May 3, 1862. 

The rebel authorities declared the blockade of Charles- 
ton legally raised January 31, 1863, and the blockade of 
Galveston and Sabine Pass raised February 7. These 
declarations were promptly denied by the authorities at 
Washington. 

The blockade, except as to contraband of war, of Nor- 
folk, Va., Pensacola and Ferdinanda, Fla., was raised by 
proclamation November 19, 1864. 

A proclamation was issued April 11, 1865, substitu- 
ting for the blockade a legal closure of all the Southern 
ports to trade except so far as some had already been 
partially and conditionally opened. The following is 
from the report of the Secretary of the Navy : 

PROPERTY CAPTURED AND DESTROYED. 

Naval men, while animated with the noblest feelings 
of patriotism, and ready to sacrifice their lives for their 
country, whose integrity was imperiled, were impressed 
at first with the conviction that to them, professionally, 
the war would offer but limited opportunity; for the 
rebels were not a commercial people, nor addicted to 
maritime pursuits. No naval conflicts were anticipated, 
and it was supposed very few captures would be made; 
but the efforts of the insurgents, cut off from foreign 
supplies, and the attempts of unscrupulous foreign ad- 
venturers to violate the blockade, have rewarded naval 
vigilance and fidelity with a large number of prizes, 
many of them of great value. It is a gratifying cir<;um- 
stance that these prize captures have inured to the 



30 REBELLION REGISTER. 

benefit of tlie naval service instead of privateers — dif- 
fering in this respect from previous wars. 

The number of vessels captured and sent to the courts 
for adjudication, from May 1, 1861, to the close of the 
rebellion, is 1,149, of which there were: steamers, 210; 
schooners, 569; sloops, 139; ships, 13; brigs and brigan- 
tines, 29; barks, 25; yachts, 2; small boats, 139; rebel 
rams and iron-clads, 6; rebel gun -boats, torpedo-boats, 
and armed schooners and sloops, 10; class unknown, 7 — 
making a total of 1,149. The number of vessels burned, 
wrecked, sunk, and otherwise destroyed, during the same 
time, were: steamers, 85; schooners, 114; sloops, 32; 
ships, 2; brigs, 2; barks, 4; small boats, 96; rebel 
rams, 5 ; rebel iron-clads, 4 ; rebel gun-boats, torpedo 
boats, and armed schooners and sloops, 11 ; total 355 ; 
making the whole number of vessels captured and de- 
stroyed 1,504. During the war of 1812 the naval ves- 
sels, of which there were 301 in the service at the close, 
made but 291 captures. There were 517 commissioned 
privateers, and their captures numbered 1,428. That 
war was with a nation having the greatest commerce on 
the globe. During the recent war we had no privateers 
afloat, and the rebels had but a limited commerce from 
which the prizes of the navy could be made. Nearly 
all the captures of value were vessels built in so-called 
neutral ports, and fitted out and freighted in the ports 
of a government with which we had treaties and were 
on friendly terms, which had publicly pledged itself to 
a strict neutrality, and manifested its sincerity, so far as 
we were concerned, by withdrawing hospitality to our 
national vessels. 

The gross proceeds of property captured since the 
blockade was instituted, and condemned as prizes prior 
to the 1st of November, amounts to $21,829,543.96; costs 
and expenses, $1,616,223.96; net proceeds for distribu- 
tion, $20,501,927.69. There are a number of important 
cases still before the courts, which will largely increase 
these amounts. 

The value of the 1,149 captured vessels will not be 
less than $24,500,000, and of the 355 vessels destroyed 
at least $7,000,000, making a total valuation of not less 
than $31,500,000, much of which was British property, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 31 

engaged in unneutral commerce, and so justly captured 
and condemned. 

Bloomiield, Mo., was occupied by the Union forces 
January 24, 1862. Rebel loss, 80 men, including 12 
officers. A battle was fought between this place and 
Cape Girardeau Aug. 24, in which the rebels were routed, 
with the loss of 30 killed, 50 wounded, and 16 prisoners; 
also arms, ammunition, equipage, etc. The town was 
attacked by the rebels and abandoned by the Unionists 
September 11, 1862, who, in turn, drove out the rebels 
January 27, 1863, and soon left it again to the Con- 
federates, who were again dislodged March 1, with a loss 
of 20 men, including their Provost-marshal. The place 
was occupied by Price September 23, 1864, but his stay 
was short. 

Bloomingdale, Ga., 16 miles from Savannah, was occu- 
pied by Sherman's advance December 10, 1864. 

Blooming Gap, Va., was captured February 14, 1862, 
by General Lander, who captured a large number of 
prisoners and destroyed a large amount of stores. 

Blount Ridge, N. C, was occupied by rebels April 9, 
1863, after driving out the Union forces. 

Blountsville, Msl., was the scene of a cavalry skir- 
mish May 1, 1863. 

Blountsville, East Tenn., was occupied by the Union 
forces October 14, 1863. The rebels were defeated and 
driven toward Saltville. Three locomotives and 34 cars 
were captured. Rebel loss, 8 killed, 26 wounded, and 
10 captured; Union loss, 5 wounded. 

Blue's Gap, Va., was the scene of a rebel route Jan- 
uary 7, 1862. They lost 15 killed, 20 prisoners, 2 can- 
non, wagons, tents, etc. 

Blue's Mills Landing, Mo., was the scene of two skir- 
mishes September 17, 1861. 

Blue Springs, Mo., was the scene of a Union defeat 
March 22, 1863. 

Blue Springs, Tenn., was the scene of a brisk but 
undecisive engagement October 5, 1863. Five days later 
the fight was renewed. The rebels, 6,000 strong, were 
defeated and driven from the field at sundown. Union 
loss, 100 killed and wounded; 150 rebels were captured. 

An engagement at this place August *c .t5<)4. z^eiweeu. 



32 REBELWCi!* REOISTER. 

Gillem's forces and Wheeler's, resulted in the rout of the 

Bluff Point, Ya., (See Booth.) 

Blnffton, S. C, was occupied by General Stevens 
(Union) December 21, 1861. The place was burned by 
the Union forces June 4, 1863. 

Boat Burning was one of the means resorted to by the 
rebels to carry out their purpose; a few of the instances 
are given : 

Three steamers. were set on fire at St. Louis, Septem- 
ber 29, 1863. The conflagration among the hay barges 
in New York harbor December 9, 1863, by which $500,- 
000 worth of property was destroyed, was the work of 
the same class of men. Eight steamers were fired at 
New Orleans May 21, 1864, and six steamers burned at 
St. Louis July 15. 

The United States Steamer "Roanoke," Captain Drew, 
from Havana for New York, when just out of Havana, 
took on board "three boat-loads of persons claiming to be 
passengers. The same evening the gang captured the 
vessel, killing the carpenter and taking possession " for 
the Confederate States." Their leader was Braine, of the 
Chesapeake affair. He put the passengers aboard a ves- 
sel, went to Bermuda, and burned the steamer, going 
ashore in the boats. 

Boca Chica, Texas, was captured and occupied by General 
Banks November 2, 1863. The last engagement of the 
war was fought at this place May 12, 1865. 

Bogus Proclamation. — Joseph Howard, with a view to 
speculate in gold, put forth a forged proclamation, pur- 
porting to emanate from President Lincoln, calling for 
400,000 men by immediate and peremptory draft. It 
was published in the New York World and Jouriml of 
Commerce^ May 18, 1864. The military authorities seized 
these papers and temporarily silenced them, but released 
them on investigation. Howard was sent to Fort 
Lafayette. 

Bolivar, Tenn. — A severe fight occurred at this place 
August 30, 1862 ; the engagement lasted seven hours, 
when, the Union troops being reinforced, the Confede- 
rates withdrew. The Union loss was 25 killed and 
wounded. Confederate loss not known. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 33 

Brisk skirmishes, in each of which the rebels were 
beaten, occurred at this place February 12 and 13, and 
^March 9, 1863. 

Near this place, on May 2, 1864, General Sturges routed 
General Forrest, who retreated burning bridges, etc. 

Bolivar Heights, Va., was the scene of brisk skirmishes, 
in both of which the rebels were driven back, October 
16, 1861, and November 26, 1862. 

This place was abandoned by Mulligan's forces July 
4, 1864. 

Bolivar Point, Galveston Harbor, Texas, was attacked 
and the fortifications destroyed, by the United States 
frigate " Santee," December 3, 1861. 

Bollinger's Mills, Mo., was the scene of a rebel rout, 
July 29, 1862. 

Bolton, Miss., was occupied by the rebel guerrilla 
Johnson, July 6, 1863. General Sherman occupied the 
place Febiniary 3, 1864. 

Boone, N. C, was occupied by General Stoneman's 
command March 27, 1865. The rebels were driven out, 
with a loss of 10 killed and 65 wounded and prisoners. 

Boone C. H., Va., was occupied by Union forces, after 
routing the rebels, September 1, 1861. The town was 
burned next day. 

Boone County, lud., was, for the time, rendered no- 
torious on account of a body of citizens there resisting 
the enrollment, about June 15, 1863. 

Booneville, Mo. — General Lyon attacked and defeated 
the rebels, under Governor Jackson, at this place, and 
captured large quantities of military stores, June 17, 
1861. Losses not known. Union troops held the town 
until July 3, when they left it on an expedition toward 
the south-west part of the State. A brisk but undeci- 
sive skirmish occurred here September 13, 1861. 

Price made a speech at this place October 14, 1864, 
in which he said he had come to redeem the State, and 
if the people did not rally to his standard they would not 
have another chance. They were not redeemed, as he 
understood the term. 

Booneville, Miss., battle of, July 1, 1862.— Colonel 
Sheridan, of the 2d Michigan Cavalry, with a body of 
Union troops, defeated 4,700 rebels after seven hours' 
2,^ 



34 REBELLION REGISTER. 

hard fighting. They left 65 dead on the field. The 
Union loss was 41 killed, wounded, and missing. 

Boonesboro, Md., was occupied by the Union cavalry, 
under Kilpatrick, after driving out the rebel Stuart, 
July 9, 1863. 

Booth, J. Wilkes, assassinated President Abraham 
Lincoln, in his private box, at Ford's Theater, in Wash- 
ington, about 10 o'clock on the evening of April 14, 
1865. Booth entered the box unobserved by any of the 
party, and shot the President, the ball taking eflFect at 
the base of the brain, and almost coming through at 
the right temple. The report of the pistol alarming the 
party, they sprang to their feet. Major Rathbone tried 
to arrest Booth, who now had a large knife in his hands, 
and who, after severely cutting the Major in the right 
arm, rushed to the front of the box and sprang to the 
stage, some ten feet below, still holding the knife. In 
jumping down, one of his spurs caught in the folds of 
a flag adorning the front of the box, which threw him 
on his knees as he reached the stage, breaking one of 
his leg bones ; gaining his feet, he flourished his knife 
over his head, saying, ^' Sic Semper Tyrannis^^ — the 
motto of Virginia — and ran across the stage to the rear, 
making his escape through the private door to the alley, 
mounting a horse, previously placed there by himself, 
and riding off at full speed. So quickly was it all done, 
and the audience not seeing into the box, and Booth's 
jumping on the stage being taken for a part of the per- 
formance, no one was quick enough to detain him, al- 
though several pursued him across the stage and into 
the alley, but were only in time to see him riding for 
life up the street. Booth had his leg dressed next day 
by Dr. Mudd, a violent secessionist, living in Maryland, 
about twenty miles below Washington. After lying 
concealed for several days in St. Mary's County, Mary- 
land, Booth and Herold — an accomplice in the assassina- 
tion — crossed the Potomac, into Virginia, at Bluff Point. 
They made their way southward, but were discovered by 
Lieutenant Docherty and a party of soldiers, in the barn 
of one Garrett, three miles from Port Royal. They were 
surrounded, and summoned to surrender, but refused. 
Herold, after a time, surrendered, but Booth continued 



REBELLION REGISTER. 95 

to refuse, and to jeer Herold for so doini?. The barn 
was finally fired, and the assassin shot in the head by 
Corporal Boston Corbett. He died, after about four 
hours of the most intense suflfering, April 26. His burial- 
place no man knoweth. 

Border State Convention, met at Frankfort, Ky., June 
3, 1861, and adjourned without accomplishing any thing. 

Boileau, A. D., proprietor of the Philadelphia Evening 
Journal^ was arrested, under orders from Washington, 
for treasonable articles in his paper, January 27, 1863. 
He was released four days later. 

Boston, Ky., was the scene of skirmishes, each of 
which resulted favorably for the Unionists, November 
5, 1861, and June 13, 1863. 

Bottoms Bridge, Va., was reached by the Army of 
the Potomac, and the rebels driven across the Chicka- 
hominy River at this point, May 17, 1862. One week 
later, another battle was fought at the same place, re- 
sulting in the rebels being repulsed. An indecisive 
skirmish occurred here, July 2, 1863. Butler held the 
position February 6, 1864, and Sheridan again May 13. 

Bowling Green, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish 
February 1, 1862. Bebel loss, 5 killed and wounded. 
No Union loss. The town was evacuated by the rebels, 
and occupied by the advance of General Buell's army, 
under Greneral Mitchell,' February 15. The Unionists 
soon left the place, and again occupied the town Sep- 
tember 7. The Union forces for the relief of Nashville 
passed through this place October 31. 

Brady ville, Tenn. — A force of 1,000 cavalry and 
1,000 infantry encountered a division of Morgan's cav- 
alry at this place, and, after a severe engagement, drove 
them from the town, with the loss of 8 killed, 30 wounded, 
and 9 officers and 80 privates captured; 300 saddles and 
a collection of official papers were captured. The Union 
loss was about half that of the rebels. 
• Bramlette, Governor of Kentucky, on January 1, 
1864, ordered that five rebel sympathizers be arrested 
for every loyal man taken by the guerrillas. His proc- 
hanation protecting fugitive slaves from rebel owners 
was issued February 13. On March 16 he remonstrated 
against the employment of slaves by the United States. 
3 



S6. REBELLION flEGISTER. 

Brandon, Miss, was occupied by Jolinson, in his re- 
treat, July 21, 1863. Sherman, after a brisk skirmish, 
occupied the phice March 7, 1864. 

Brandon Farms, Va., was captured January 23, 1864, 
by Union raiders, who also captured 30 rebels, 100 ne- 
groes and 30,000 pounds of pork,^all without losing a 
man. 

Brandy Station, Va., battle of, August 4, 1863, be- 
tween 6,000 of Stuart's . cavalry and three brigades of 
Union cavalry and Major Brockhaus's artillery. The 
fight lasted from 2 o'clock till night, when Stuart re- 
treated, lie stated his loss at 6 killed, 18 wounded. 
(See Beverly Ford.) 

Branchviile, S. C., was evacuated by the rebels Feb- 
ruary 11, 1865, and occupied by Sherman's forces next 
day. 

Brasher City, La., was captured June 22, 1863, by 
the Unionists, who were driven out two days later; but 
again reoccupied it, routing the rebels, July 22. 

Brazos Island, Texas, was occupied by General 
Banks's " Texas Expedition " November 2, 1863. 

Breckenridg^e, J, C, was expelled from the United 
States Senate December 4, 1861. He openly joined the 
rebels October 21. 

Brentwood, Tenn. (See Nashville.) 

Briar Forks, Mo. (See Carthage, Mo.) 

Bridge Burning was extensively carried on during the 
entire continuance of the rebellion. Some instances 
were as follows : Baltimore mobs burned all bridges east, 
north and north-east of and near that city, April 19 and 
20, 1861 ; an attempt to burn the Monocaey bridge 
(iron) May 12, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge 
burned by the rebels May 16; Alexandria and Lou- 
don Railroad bridges destroyed May 25; and at about 
this rate for over four years. 

Bridgeport, Ala., was occupied by General Mitchell's 
forces April 20, 1862. The rebels, in their retreat, 
abandoned their arms, stores, etc., losing 72 killed and 
350 prisoners. 

Bridgeport, Tenn. — Near this place, on October 2, 
1863, occurred a terrific explosion of a train-load of 
ammunition. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 37 

Bridgetown, Teim., was occupied, and the bridge 
destroyed, July 7, 1863, by Bragg, in his retreat before 
Kosecraus. 

Bright, Jesse D., of Indiana, was expelled from the 
United States Senate February 5, 1862. 

Bristol, Tenn., was occupied by Morgan's guerrillas 
December 13, 1864. (See Saltville.) 

Bristow's Station, Va., was captured by guerrillas 
March 9, 1864. They also captured 40 of the 30th 
Pennsylvania cavalry, 

Britton's Lane, Tenn. — On September 1, 1862, a 
small force of Union troops defeated a large force of 
rebels at this place after a fight of four hours, the reb- 
els leaving 175 dead on the field. Union loss, 5 killed 
and 51 wounded. 

Broad Run, near Drainsville, Va., was the scene of a 
skirmish April 1, 1863. Unionists defeated. 

Brookville, Md., was occupied by the rebels June 28, 
1863. 

Brown's Ferry, (Tennessee Eiver, near Chattanooga,) 
battle of, October 27, 1863. — The rebels attacked Gen- 
eral Hooker's force at 12 midnight, and a severe fight 
ensued, which continued two hours with lighter work, 
until 4 A. M. Every attack was repulsed, and the rebels 
driven from every position they assailed. The result 
was important, as it removed from this point the ob- 
structions to steamboat navigation, and secured the way 
for army supplies. Hood's army — consisting of about 
20,000 men and 10 guns — escaped across the Tennessee 
River near this place, December 28, 1864. 

Brownsville, Mo., was captured and partially burned by 
guerrillas, October 16, 1863. 

Brownsville, Tenn., was the scene of brisk skirmishes, 
all resulting favorably for the Unionists, December 5, 
1861, July 29 and October 24, 1862, and September 
1, 1863. 

Brownsville, Texas, was captured by General Banks, 
and occupied by his Texas expedition November 3, 1863. 
The place was opened to commerce not "contraband of 
war " February 18, 1864. 

Brownell, F. E. (See Ellsworth.) 



38 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Bruinsburg, Miss., was occupied by Union forces 
Apul 30, 1863. 

Brunswick, Ga., was captured by Commodore Dupont'a 
fleet March 2, 1862. It was made a port of entry July 
1, 1862. 

Buchanan, James, in his message December 3, 1860, 
upon the opening of the second sessien of the XXXVI 
Congress, denied the right of any State to secede, and 
also denied the right of the General Government to pre- 
vent secession. December 4, he sent Mr. Trescott to 
Charleston to ^^ request a postponement'' of hostile action 
until Congress could decide upon remedies in the case. 
At an extra session of the Cabinet, December 13, Presi- 
dent Buchanan opposed the reinforcement of the forts 
in Charleston harbor. On the 30th of December, in 
reply to the application of the South Carolina Commis- 
sioners, he refused to receive them in an official capacity. 
We leave him here, simply remarking that he retired 
from the Presidential chair an object of detestation and 
pity to almost every citizen. 

Buckhannon, Va., was the scene of a rebel rout, July 
1, 1861. The guerrillas captured the town, burning the 
public stores, August 30, 1862. 

Buckner, General. (See Fort Donaldson.) 

Buel, General Don Carlos, was assigned to the com- 
mand of the Department of Kentucky November 9, 1861, 
and was relieved from the command October 24, 1862. 

Buffalo Hill, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish Octo- 
ber 3, 1861. Union loss, 18. Rebel loss, 60. 

Buffalo Mills, Mo., was captured by Union forces, 
and the rebel camp there broken up, October 22, 1861. 

Buffington, Ohio. (See John Morgan.) 

Bull's Bay, S. C, was held by General Potter's Union 
force operating in concert with General Sherman, Feb- 
ruary 13, 1865. 

Bull's Gap, Tenn., was fortified and occupied January 
10, 1864, by General Longstreet's force, numbering 
about 35,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry. The rebels 
advanced from this position, but were forced to retreat 
to it February 20, with the loss of much camp equipage. 
They retreated toward Virginia March 31. (See Salt- 
ville.) 



REBELLION REC4ISTER. 39 

Bull Run, Va. — At 5 o'clock on the morning of July 
21, 1801, the Federal army broke camp at Centerviile 
and moved upon the rebel works in five divisions, com- 
manded respectively by General Tyler and Colonels 
Hunter, Heintzelman, Runyan, and Miles. Richardson's 
brigade of Tyler's division was ordered to make a feint 
by way of Blackburn Ford, while the remainder of that 
division moved by way of Stone Bridge, strongly de- 
fended by the rebels with artillery. Heintzleman's 
division, by cutting a road through the woods, took posi- 
tion on the run about midway between Tyler and 
Hunter. Miles's division was held in reserve at Center- 
viile, and to check any attempt of the rebels to turn our 
left flank, and Runyan's was seven miles nearer Washing- 
ton. Both Tyler and Heintzleman, by making feint 
attacks, engaged the enemy's attention, while the main 
body, under Hunter, made a detour to the right. After 
passing Cub Run, and crossing Bull Run at Sudley's 
Springs, three miles above, they attempted to tura the 
enemy's left flank. This had, in a measure, been accom- 
plished,, when the enemy, finding the attack on his right 
was only a feint, commenced to strengthen his left. This 
being perceived, Heintzleman was ordered to press his 
attack to prevent this movement of troops. He succeeded 
in driving back the enemy from the bridge far enough to 
allow Sherman and Keys's brigades of Tyler's division to 
cross over and drive the enemy's right. This being ac- 
complished, the balance of Tyler s division crossed, and 
the engagement became general along the whole line. 
After a severe fight of over six hours, when the JFederals 
had nearly won the field, and the enemy almost disheart- 
ened, the rebels were reinforced by Johnston's army from 
Winchester. The suddenness and strength of this onset, 
and in the midst of the security felt on a field so nearly 
won, was sufficient to create disorder, which, in spite of 
all the efl"orts of the officers, resulted finally in a panic. 
The Union force engaged did not exceed 20,000; while 
that of the rebels was, according to their own accounts, 
40,000 on the field and about 25.000 in reserve at Ma- 
nassas Junction. Union loss, in killed, wounded, and 
missing, was 2,708 ; that of the enemy, 1,902. After 
the battle, Colonel Eusteiu, with the 27th Pennsylvania, 



40 REBELLION* REGISTER. 

brought ofF six pieces of artillery whicli had been aban- 
doned in the retreat. 

A battle was fought at Groveton, near Bull Run, on 
August 29, 1862, which lasted from daylight until dark, 
resulting in a Union victory. The battle was renewed 
next day, and is usually designated as "the second battle 
of Bull Run." General Pope's forces, having fallen back, 
were attacked by the Confederates under General Lee, on 
the old field of Bull Run. The fight raged fiercely all 
day, and with great slaughter. The Union left wiLg had 
been pressed back half a mile, but the right still held ita 
ground. After the battle, the whole army fell back to 
Ceuterville. 

The Array of the Potomac occupied the old battle-field 
June 15, 1863, and there occurred a brisk skirmish there 
four months later. 

Bunker Hill, near Martinsburg, Va. was, on July 15, 
1863, the scene of a skirmish approaching a battle, be- 
tween General Patterson's advance and the rebel cavalry 
under Stuart. The Confederates were defeated and 
driven two miles. The place was occupied by Union 
forces March 5, 1862. 

Burbridge, Brevet Major-General S. G., was appointed 
August 7, 1864, to command the Military District of 
Kentucky. (See Saltville.) 

Burks Station, Va., was occupied by Wilson and 
Kautz June 23, 1864. They destroyed the railroads in 
each direction, and repulsed the rebels twice. 

Burksville, Va., was held by General Sheridan April 
5, 1865, thus effectually preventing Lee from retreating 
in that direction. 

Burley, the Lake Erie pirate, was, on January 20, 1865, 
committed by Recorder Duggan, at Toronto, for surrender 
to the United States. After a hearing and argument of 
the case, he was so surrendered, at Suspension Bridge, 
February 3. 

Burnside, General A. E., was appointed to the com- 
mand of the Army of the Potomac November 7, 1862. 
On the 14th he divided his forces into three corps, under 
Generals Sumner, Franklin, and Hooker, with the 11th 
Corps as a reserve, and the next day took up his march 
toward Fredericksburg. He occupied Falmouth on the 



REBELLION REGISTER. 41 

17th, a>nd od the 21st General Sumner demanded the 
surrender of Fredericksburg. He threatened to burn the 
town in case of refusal^ and allowed sixteen hours to re- 
move non-combatants. The Mayor asked for a longer 
time. General Sumner acceded. Active hostilities were 
again resumed December 11, by the Union forces shelling 
Fredericksburg, Having laid their pontoons, the Fed- 
erals passed the river under a terrific fire. The crossing 
continued on the 12th, when the city was taken. The 
next day General Burnside moved on the rebel works 
south of the city. The ground here is in the form of 
plateaus, from a quarter to half a mile wide, on the first 
of which stands the city; on the third or upper one was 
the rebel position, fortified with great skill and strength, 
and commanding every approach. The middle one was 
the principal battle-ground. Franklin moved against the 
rebel right, while Hooker attacked the center. Several 
charges were made by the Union troops, but they failed 
to make any impression, and night found the two armies 
in the same position as in the morning. The Union 
losses were 1,512 killed, abou^t 6,000 wounded, and about 
700 prisoners. Skirmishing continued on the 14th and 
15th, and during the night of the 15th and the morning 
of the 16th the Unionists recrossed to the north bank 
of the river before the rebels were aware of the move- 
ment. Every man and all property was removed. Gen- 
eral Burnside^ on the 19th, in a letter to the President, 
assumed the responsibility of the defeat at Fredericks- 
burg, and asked to be relieved from his command. His 
resignation was not accepted, however. He renewed it, 
however, and on January 24, 1863, was relieved by 
Major-General Joseph Hooker. His further military 
history will be found under the appropriate headings. 

Eurnside's Expedition, consistiag of about 125 vessels 
of various sizes and descriptions, many of them collected 
from the merchant service for the occasion, sailed from 
Fortress Monroe January 11, 1862. After encountering 
a heavy storm, the advance of the expedition arrived at 
Hatteras Inlet, N. C, on the 19th, Some two weeks 
were occupied in getting ready for active operations, 
which commenced February 7, between the UnioQ 
fleet and the rebel batteries on Boauoke Islaud, assistecl 
4 



42 REBELLION REQISTEU. 

by their gun-boats stationed behind a row of sunken 
ships. By nightfall several of the gun-boats had been 
disabled, and several of their guns dismounted. During 
the night General Burnside landed his troops, about 
4,000 strong. In the morning about 1,000 additional 
were lauded. The position was so well chosen, and the 
attack so stubbornly resisted, that several of the stronger 
works had to be carried at the point of the bayonet. 
Toward the close of the day, both flanks of the rebel 
works being turned, they surrendered. Union loss, 30 
killed and 200 wounded. Rebel loss, 16 killed, 40 
wounded, about 3,000 prisoners, six forts, mounting 
forty-two guns, 3,000 stand of small arms, and immense 
quantities of military stores. 

About 9 o'clock on the morning of the 10th, Com- 
mander Rowan, with fourteen gun-boats, engaged the 
Confederate fleet which had escaped from Roanoke, off 
Cobb's point, N. C, and before 10 o'clock, two batteries 
on shore were silenced. Five of the rebel vessels were 
burned by their own crews, two were abandoned, one 
was captured, and Elizabeth City surrendered and was 
occupied by the Union forces next day. (See Newbern.) 

Burnt Ordinary, Va., was the scene of a cavalry 
skirmish, January 19, 1863. 

Burton's Ford, four miles from Charlottesville, Va., 
was captured by Greneral Custar, February 29, 1864. 
At two o'clock A. M., he surprised a cavalry camp, blew 
up six caissons, and destroyed the camp equipage and 
captured 20 prisoners. 

Bushy Creek, Indian Territory, 180 miles from Fort 
Smith, Ark., was the scene of a brisk engagement on 
December 9, 1861, between the Union Indians and the 
Confederates. 

Butler, Benjamin F., was appointed Brigadier-Gen- 
eral of volunteers from Massachusetts, April 17, 1861, 
and the same day started for Washington. Baltimore 
being in the hands of the secession mob, and the rail- 
roads destroyed, rendered passing directly through it 
impracticable. On the morning of the 20th, his command 
left Philadelphia and reached Annapolis, via Havre de 
Grace at midnight. His forces were next morning 
landed, and, repairing the railroad as they went, com- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 43 

meuced their mnrch to Annapolis Junction, and thence 
to the Relay House, which he occupied May 5. Moving 
from this place on the evening of the 13th, apparently 
for Harper's Ferry, he planted himself on Federal Hill, 
thus commanding the city of Baltimore, awing into quiet 
the secession mobocrats there, and reopening a safe transit 
for troops and citizens through " My Maryland." He 
received his commission as Major-General May 16, was 
assigned to the command of Fortress Monroe on the 20th, 
and two days later assumed that position. On the 27th, 
he declared in relation to fugitive slaves coming within 
the Union lines : 

"These men are contraband of war; set them at 
work." 

General Butler was relieved of his command by Gen- 
eral Wool, August 16. He assumed command of the 
forces in the Department of Virginia — exclusive of those 
in Fortress Monroe — on the 22d, and, co-operating with 
Commodore Stringham, captured the forts at Hatteras 
Inlet on the 29th. 

On February 22, 1862, he was assigned to the com- 
mand of the land forces to co-operate with the navy in 
the attack on New Orleans. Sailing from Hampton 
Roads February 24, he reached Ship Island March 21, 
and four days later his troops joined him at that point. 
He landed at New Orleans May 1, and in a few days 
transformed the city from a "mob-ridden community" 
to a peaceable, if not a contented city. He found the 
city without supplies, and the poorer classes, and many 
of those in moderate circumstances, on the verge of starva- 
tion. This he, in some measure, remedied by gathering 
stores from the country, and levying an assessment upon 
those who had previously subscribed to the $1,250,000 
loan for the defense of New Orleans against the United 
States. These measures brought in the produce and 
money which was mainly expended in cleansing the city, 
then in a very filthy condition. May 13, he forbid the 
observance of " Jeflf. Davis's fast-day." The famous order 
concerning the women of New Orleans, which caused so 
much stir, was issued May 15. General Butler says its 
success was immediate and perfect. $800,000 was seized 
in the office of the Netherlands' Consul May 10. The 



44 REBELLION REGISTER. 

city officials were suvspended June 2, and new ones ap- 
pointed two days later. For a full account of his action 
in New Orleans see Parton's " Butler in New Orleans." 
General Butler was relieved, 'December 4, of his com- 
mand, and turned the same over to General Banks on 
the 15th. On his return North, he was received with 
hearty enthusiasm in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, 
Baltimore, and other places. November 11, 1863, he 
assumed command of the Department of Eastern Vir- 
ginia and North Carolina, with head-quarters at Fortress 
Monroe. The War Department relieved him of this 
command, but General Grant, on July 19, 1864, rescinded 
the order and added the 19th Corps to his former force. 
November 5, General Butler assumed command of the 
"forces in New York City, arriving and to arrive, to 
meet existing emergencies." The troubles there settled, 
he resumed his command before Richmond on the 15th. 
General Grant relieved him of this command January 
6, 1865, General Ord succeeding. On the 8th, in his 
farewell order to his troops, he made an attempt to show 
the injustice of his removal. (See Grant's Report.) 

Butte a' la Rose, La., was occupied, and the rebel 
fort there captured by the Union gun-boats, April 20, 
1863. 

Buzzard's Hoost Pass, Ga., was attacked by General 
Sherman May 8, 1864. The Union forces under General 
Thomas attacked in front, while McPherson made a flank 
movement. The rebels evacuated and retreated to Resaca. 
Union loss, about 700 killed, wounded, and missing, 
there being an unusually large number of slightly 
wounded. 

Cabin Creek, Kansas. — The rebels 1,500 strong, under 
Sturdevant, on September 19, 1864, captured a train 
worth $1,000,000 at this place. 

Cainsville, Tenn., was the scene of a cavalry skirmish 
February 15, 1863, resulting in a Union victory. 

Cairo, Ills. — General Grant, with a force of 3,500, left 
this place November 6, 1861. They landed three miles 
above Columbus, Ky. 

A reconnoitering expedition, 5,000 strong, under Gen- 
erals Grant and McClernand, left this place January 10, 
X863j for the vicinity of Columbus, Ky. The expedition 



REBELLION REGISTER. 45 

wuv higHly successful, penetrating to within three miles 
of \Jolumbus and returned to Cairo on the 21st. 

A great naval expedition left this place March 15, 
1862.^ 

Cairo, a United States gun-boat, was destroyed by 
a rebel torpedo on the Yazoo River December 18, 1862. 

Caleb Cushing", a United States revenue cutter, was, 
on June 26, 1863, cut out of Portland (Maine) harbor 
by a rebel crew. Two steamers, the Forest City and 
Chesapeake, were started in pursuit, and pressed the cutter 
so hard that the rebels next day burned her and took 
to their boats to escape, but were all captured and taken 
to Fort Preble. 

Calhoun, Fort, on the Rip Raps, Hampton Roads, was 
changed in name to Fort Wool March 18, 1862. 

Calhoun, Ga., was attacked by the rebel General 
Wheeler August 15, 1864. He had previously cut the 
railroads at that point. The demand to surrender was 
refused, and the rebels driven by a charge of the colored 
troops, then holding the place. 

Call for Troops. (See Conscription.) 

Camden, Ark., was the scene of a brisk skirmish, 
April 2, 1864, between the rebel General Shelby, and 
Steele's rear guard. The rebels were repulsed, with a 
loss of about 100. Another battle ensued on the 19th, 
when the place was held by General Steele until the 26th, 
when he retreated to Little Rock. 

Camden, N. C, was, on April 19, 1862, occupied by 
General Reno^ after a sharp skirmish with the rebels. 
The Union troops afterward retired to the main army at 
Newbern. The rebels lost 60 men ; the National, 12 
killed and 48 wounded. 

Cameron, Simon, was called into Mr. Lincoln's Cabi- 
net, as Secretary of War, March 5, 1861. In October 
of that year, he, in company with Adjutant-General 
Thomas and suit, made a tour of observation and in- 
spection through the Western military departments. 
His rumored loose way of making contracts and disburs- 
ing money was very unsatisfactory to the people, and he 
resigned his place in the Cabinet January 11, 1862, 
and was afterward appointed Minister to Russia. 

Camp Alleghany. (See Alleghany.) 



46 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Camp Dick Eobinson, Ky., was occupied by the rebels, 
under Bragg, October 12, 1862, but evacuated next day. 
A lively skirmish occurred here March 26, 1863. 

Camp Finnegan, Fla. — General Seymour's advance, 
under Colonel Guy V. Henry, pushed forward into the in- 
terior of Florida on the night of February 9, 1864, passed 
the rebel line of battle at Camp Finnegan, surprised and 
captured a battery three miles in the rear, took 100 pris- 
oners, 8 pieces of artillery, and valuable property to a 
large amount, and reached Baldwin, Florida, at sunrise 
next morning, without loss; the rebels at Camp Finnegan, 
500 strong, hastily retreated on the passing of the cavalry 
column, and the infantry coming up, took possession of 
the camp. The rebels on March 2 retook the camp 
from the Federals, driving them to within three miles 
of Jacksonville. The rebels lost 30 killed and wounded. 

Campbell's Station, Texas. — A fight occurred here 
November 17, 1863, resulting in a rebel victory, and 
lasting from late in the morning until dark ; Union loss, 
about 250 killed and wounded. 

Campti, La., was the scene of an engagement between 
the forces under Colonel Gooding and Harrison's guer- 
rillas, April 4, 1864. Unionists repulsed. 

Canada Raids. — During the summer and fall of 1863, 
rumors of rebels in Canada planning raids upon our 
frontier were numerous and apparently authentic. No- 
vember 11, Lord Lyons, the British Minister at Washing- 
ton, officially informed Government that the Governor- 
General of Canada had informed him of a rebel plot to 
invade the United States, destroy the city of Buffalo, 
and to liberate the rebel prisoners at Johnson's Island, 
near Sandusky, Ohio. 

January 17, 1864, 3,000 rebels were reported at Point 
Pelee, Canada, preparing for an attack on Johnson's 
Island. 

July 18, a band of rebel refugees from St. John's, 
N. B., made a bold attempt to rob the City Bank at 
Calais, Maine, but were handsomely repulsed and driven 
out of the town by the home-guards. 

Great excitement was caused upon the northern fron- 
tier of New York by rumors of an extensive raid about 
August 10 to 15. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 47 

Detroit was several times threatened, and it was only 
saved by the promptness with which the loyal citizens 
took up arms against the rebel invaders and their resi- 
dent sympathizers. The citizens patrolled the streets, 
and. on the night of December 7 nearly the whole city 
was under arms. 

On September 19, a body of rebels, disguised as trav- 
elers, took passage on the merchant steamers " Island 
Queen" and " Parsons," with the plan of capturing both 
of them, and then, with the help of another party down 
the river, capture the United States gun-boat " Michigan." 
The " Michigan," however, captured most of the party, 
after they had sunk the "Island Queen," and abandoned 
the "Parsons." A number of accomplices, citizens of 
Sandusky, were concerned in the plot. They were ar- 
rested. Numerous rumors were circulated of raids 
planned and about to be executed ; many, no doubt, 
truthful, but the vigilance of our people prevented any 
very large depredations. (See Beal, and St. Alban 
Raid.) 

Canby, General, assumed command of New York 
July 17, 1863, vice General Brown, relieved. He relieved 
General Banks of the command of the Department of 
the Gulf May 21, 1864. He was severely wounded, 
November 6, by a rifle shot through the thigh, in Wliite 
River, Arkansas. 

Cane Hill, Ark. — General Blunt, by a forced march, 
met and attacked Marmaduke's rebel forces at this place 
November 28, 1862. The fight raged over twelve miles 
of ground. The Confederates retreated, with heavy loss, 
toward Van Buren. 

The rebels attempted to drive out our forces Decem- 
ber 6, but were themselves driven back. 

Cane River, La., was the scene of a brilliant Union 
victory March 28, 1864. The Unionists, 8,000 strong, 
under Mower and Dudley, defeated the rebel force of 
12,000, under Taylor. 

A spirited engagement took place at this point April 
24. The fight las'ted three hours. The rebels lost 500 
men and 9 pieces of artillery ; Union loss, about 400 
killed and wounded. 

Canon de Chelle was occupied by Kit Karson Jan- 



48 REBELLION REGISTER. 

uary 31, 1861. He drove out tlie Navajos, killing 23 and 
taking 150 prisoners. 

Canton, Miss., was captured by Union forces Feb- 
ruary 4, 186-i. Sherman's army encamped here March 
26. 

Canton, Ky., was captured by the Union forces 
August 22, 1864. 

Cape Girardeau, Mo., was attacked by the rebels, 
8,000 strong, under Marmaduke, at 11.20 A. M., April 26, 
1863; after two hours' fighting they were repulsed, and 
retreated toward Bloomfield. Their loss was about 60 
killed, 200 wounded, and a large number of prisoners j 
the Union loss was 20 killed and wounded. 

Carlisle, Pa. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Carmel Church, Va. — A Union cavalry expedition, 
July 23, 1862, met and defeated a body of rebel cavalry 
stationed near this place, burned their camps, etc. An 
hour later a large body of Stuart's cavalry came up to 
attack them, and these, too, were defeated, driven across 
the North Anna River, and pursued till within sight of 
Hanover Junction. 

Carnifex Ferry, near Summerville, Ya. — A battle was 
fought at this place September 10, 1861. The engage- 
ment commenced at 3 o'clock A. M., between the Con- 
federate army, under General Floyd, and the Union 
forces, under General Rosecrans. The rebels had 5,000 
men and 16 guns in position, in intrenchments, almost 
inaccessible. The advance, under Colonel L^^tle, drove 
a strong detachment into the inside fortifications. The 
fight soon became general. Colonel Smith's 13th Ohio 
attacked the enemy's left, (his weakest point,) while 
Colonel Lowe's 12th Ohio engaged the front. Colonel 
Lowe was killed at the first discharge. As night ap- 
proached, the fight grew more furious, when Colonel 
McCook led in his German brigade. Night coming on^ 
the men were withdrawn, and slept on their arms. 
During the night Floyed evacuated his intrenchments 
precipitately, and retreated over the Gauley River, de- 
stroying the bridge and sinking the boats. The Federal 
forces were too much exhausted to pursue. The Union 
loss was 15 killed and 70 wounded ; 25 prisoners, taken 
by the rebels at Cross Lanes, were recaptured. 



* REBELLION REGISTER. 49 

Carolina Iron Works, near Winchester, Va., were 
destroyed April 16, 1865. These works were furnishing 
the rebels from 75 to 100 tons of iron per day. 

Carrick Ford, Va., was the scene of a brisk engage- 
ment July 14, 1861. Rebel G-eneral Garnett was killed 
and his troops scattered. The Union loss was 13 killed 
and 40 wounded. 

Carrington, General, commanding in Indiana, reported 
to Governor Morton the existence of a secret military 
organization in that State, opposed to the Administration, 
June 28, 1864. 

Carrol Station, Tenn., was captured September 30, 
1864, by General Gillem, after driving out the rebels 
under Vaughan. 

Carrolton, Miss., was captured by the Union forces, 
and the grain, mills, and stores there destroyed, March 
8, 1864. 

Carrsville, Va., was the scene of a skirmish. May 15, 
1863. 

Carter's Creek.— On April 27, 1863, Colonel Walker, 
with a force of Union cavalry, surprised a rebel camp on 
Carter's Creek Pike, near Franklin, Tenn., and routed 
them, killing 2 and wounding 10, and capturing 138 men, 
150 horses, and 100 mules. The Unionists suflfered 
no loss. 

Carthage, Mo., battle of, July 5, 1861.— The Con- 
federate troops, under Governor Jackson, marching 
toward Carthage, were met by Colonel Sigel, at the 
head of 1,500 men, at Briers' Forks, seven miles north 
of that place. A fight ensued. After two hours' fight- 
ing, the Confederate ranks were broken and their artillery 
silenced. Rallying again, they attempted to outflank 
Sigel, who, discovering it feigned a retreat, which drew 
the enemy into a compact mass, when Sigel opened fire 
right and left, with great slaughter. Sigel finally fell 
back to Carthage. The Confederate loss estimated from 
300 to 500. Union loss, 13 killed and 31 wounded. 

Carthage, Tenn., was the scene of brisk skirmishes 
March 26 and May 30, 1863, both resulting in favor 
of the National forces. 

Cass, Hon. Lewis, Secretary of State in Buchanan's 
Cabinet, resigned December 14, 1860. The cause of 
3 



50 REBELLION REGISTER. 

General Cass's resignation was the refusal of the Presi 
dent to reinforce Fort Moultrie. 

Cassville, Ga., was occupied by Sherman's forces, 
May 19, 1864. 

Catawba Indians offered their services to Governor 
Pickens, of South Carolina, January 24, 1861. 

Catlett's Station, Va. — The rebels attacked a train 
of sick and wounded soldiers at this place August 22, 
1862. 

A brisk cavalry skirmish occurred here January 10, 
1863. Mosby's guerrillas made an attack on this place, 
but were handsomely repulsed. May 30. 

Cave City, Ky., was occupied by the rebels, May 11, 
1862, who destroyed two trains of cars, including the 
locomotives. 

Cedar Creek, Va., was occupied by Sheridan's cavalry 
August 12, 1864, the place having been just evacuated 
by Early's forces. (See Grant's Report.) 

Cedar Keys, Fla., was captured by the Union forces 
January 17, 1862. 

Cedar Mountain, Va., battle of, August 9, 1862. — 
The Confederates, under Jackson, advanced across the 
Rapidan, and marched against the Unionists, under Gen- 
eral Banks. General Banks advanced to meet them, and 
at 6 o'clock P. M. the battle opened. It raged severely 
for about two hours, when the Confederates fell back 
under cover of the darkness. The Union loss was 1,500 
killed, wounded, and missing. The Confederate loss not 
known, but supposed to be about 2,500. 

Cedar Point was occupied by Colonel Moore's brigade 
March 18, 1865. 

Celina, Tenn., was captured, and the rebel camp there 
broken up April 18, 1863. 

Centralia, Mo., was the scene of a shocking barbarity 
on September 27, 1864. A band of guerrillas captured 
a train on which were between 40 and 50 veteran Union 
soldiers ; these were taken out and murdered in cold 
blood, except about 10, who escaped. The next day 
they ambushed Major Johnson's militia, 150 men, who 
were in pursuit, killing about 100 of them, including the 
commanding oflSicer. 

Centerville, Va., was evacuated by the rebels March 



REBELLION REGISTER. 51 

7, 1862, and occupied by tlie Unionists three days later. 
A battle was fought near this place August 28, between 
the Federals under McDowell and Sigel, and the rebels 
under Jackson, The enemy was completely routed, with 
the loss of 1,000 prisoners, many arms, and one gun. 
The place was held until September 3, when it was 
abandoned, the Union forces falling back toward Wash- 
ington. It was many times taken and retaken during 
the rebellion. 

Centerville, La., was evacuated by the rebels April 
13, 1863. 

Chalmette Batteries, on Lake Ponchartrain, in the 
rear of New Orleans, were evacuated by the rebels 
April 25, 1862. 

Chambersburg, Pa. (See Maryland and Pennsylvania 
Invasion.) 

Chambersburg, Md. (See Maryland and Pennsylvania 
Invasion.) 

Champion Hill. (See Baker's Creek.) 

Chancellorsville, Va., was occupied by General Meade's 
force April 30, 1863. The rebels attacked him next 
day, when an engagement of an hour and a half ensued, 
without decided result, to be renewed with more fierce- 
ness the next day. The rebels, 40,000 strong, under 
Jackson, attacked Hooker's right, but were only partially 
successful. The 11th Corps, which received the first 
shock, broke, but reinforcements being promptly sup- 
plied, the rebels were checked ; they captured, however, 
12 pieces of artillery. General Sickles penetrated the 
rebel column, completely cutting it, but the retreat of 
the 11th Corps compelled his recall. Finding the com- 
munications with General Sickles interrupted. Gene- 
ral Hooker ordered a night attack, at 11 o'clock. The 
rebels were driven back and communications restored. 
General Sickles brought oiF -400 prisoners. The battle 
again opened on the morning of the 3d, at five and half 
o'clock, and raged with terrible slaughter till eleven and 
a half. The rebels made several iueflectual attempts to 
break the Union lines. Over 2,000- prisoners were taken. 
General Sedgwick stormed and carried Marye's Hill and 
the heights of Fredericksburg, and drove the rebels back 
on to the rear of Lee, and bringing the rebel army 



52 REBELLION REGISTER. 

between Sedgwick and Hooker. Lee afterward recovered 
Chancellorsville, and drove Hooker a mile and a half 
toward United States Ford. " Stonewall " Jackson was 
severely wounded in this fight. The day following (the 
4th) the rebels retook Fredericksburg, forcing Sedgwick 
to retire. He crossed the river and rejoined Hooker. 

On the morning of the 5th, General Lee, being heavily 
reinforced, attacked Hooker, and a fierce battle ensued. 
Hooker was driven back, and forced to recross the Rap- 
pahannock. The Union loss in these battles was 1,720 
killed, 9,518 wounded, and about 2,500 missing. The 
rebel loss unknown, but supposed to be 15,000 men. 

Chantilly, Va., battle of, September 1, 1862.— The 
battle lasted nearly an hour, and the rebels were driven 
back at all points. Major-Gleneral Kearney and Briga- 
dier-General Stevens were killed in this action. This 
was the last of the battles fought by the Army of Vir- 
ginia on their retreat. The losses on both sides were 
heavy; that of the Unionists was set down at 1,000 killed, 
6,000 wounded, and 2,000 prisoners; Confederate loss 
not known definitely. The army fell back toward 
Washington. 

Chapel Hill, Tenn., was the scene of a Union victory 
March 4, 1863. Rebel loss, 12 killed, 72 captured; 
Union loss, 10 wounded. 

Chaplin Hill, near Perry ville, Ky., battle of, October 
8, 1862. — The rebels under Bragg, Buckner, and Mar- 
shall attacked the Union forces under Rousseau. The 
battle lasted several hours without a definite decision. 
It was renewed next morning, and before night the 
enemy had been driven nearly ten miles, with great 
slaughter, and completely routed. Union loss, 490 killed, 
1,560 wounded, and 150 missing. Rebel loss known to 
have far exceeded that of the Federals ; 640 dead rebels 
were buried by the Union troops. The Federals cap- 
tured 17 guns, 500 prisoners, and 100,000 rounds of 
ammunition. 

Chapmansville, Va., was the scene of skirmishes 
September 25 and October 2, 1861. The latter was a 
brisk engagement. Both resulted favorably to the 
Unionists. 

Charles City Cross-roads, near White Oak Swamp, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 53 

Va., the battle of, June 30, 1862.— This fight lasted 
nearly the whole day. As the troops neared the James 
River, the gun-boats opened fire and caused great havoc 
in the rebel ranks ; they were again checked, and night 
closed the battle. Losses heavy on both sides. 

Charleston, 111. (See Mattoon.) 

Charleston, Mo., was the scene of a brisk but unde- 
cisive skirmish August 18, 1861. The following day 
the battle was renewed with considerable loss to each 
side, and on the 20th resulted in a rout of the rebels. 
Union loss, 1 killed, 8 wounded; rebel loss, 40 killed 
and 17 prisoners. 

The place was abandoned by the Union forces, and 
soon again occupied by the rebels. A rebel camp was 
dispersed October 2. The same operation was repeated 
August 19, 1862, with a rebel loss of 4 killed, and 19 
prisoners, 27 horses, and 100 stand of arms captured. 

Charleston, S. C. — The authorities seized the Cus- 
tom-house, Post-office, and Arsenal in this city, raising 
over them the Palmetto flag, December 28, 1860. Fort 
Moultrie, Castle Pinckney, and the batteries previously 
erected, were manned the same day. The work of 
building batteries (on shore and floating) progressed 
until the attack on Fort Sumter. (See Anderson.) 

Notice was given April 8, that no United States ves- 
sel would be allowed to enter the harbor. Nearly half 
the city was burned December 11. The "stone fleet" 
was sunk in the harbor on the 19th and 20th, and a 
second one January 23, 1862. 

The blockade of this port commenced May 11, 1861. 
Two gun-boats and three smaller vessels attacked the 
blockaders January 31, 186.3, and for a short time dis- 
persed the inner line, whereupon General Beauregard 
issued a proclamation that the blockade was legally 
raised. This was promptly denied by the Washington 
authorities. A fleet of seven iron-clads, under com- 
mand of Commodore Dupont, arrived off" Charleston 
April 5, crossed the bar next day, and on the 7th made 
an attack on Fort Sumter; but, after an action of 30 
minutes, in which several of the fleet were disabled, 
they were compelled to withdraw. In this action the 
rebels had 300 guns, while the fleet had but 34. Tho 



54 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Keokuk was so badly injured that slie sunk soon after- 
ward, and fell a prey to the rebels. The rebel loss in 
the action was 6 wounded; the fleet lost 2 or 3 killed 
and 10 wounded. 

On July 10 a fleet of 27 iron-clads and 25 trans- 
ports made an attack on the rebel works on Morris 
Island. After a fight of three and a half hours, Gen- 
eral Gilmore efi"ected a landing, and immediately com- 
menced the erection of batteries against Forts Wagner 
and Gregg, on the north end of the island, and which 
commanded the approaches to the city. About 150 
Unionists were killed, wounded, and captured in this 
action. Eleven heavy guns were captured from the 
rebels. The Union flag was raised over Fort Wagner 
next day, but the Unionists were again driven out, with 
a loss of 350 men. The siege, by regular approaches, 
was then commenced. The Unionists took 500 prison- 
ers on Folly Island August 2. The rear wall of^Fort 
Sumter was breached August 12, and it was bombarded 
by 200-pound Parrots on the 14th, and an attack in 
force was commenced on the 17th, at daylight, the 
shore batteries bombarding Sumter, while the fleet 
engaged Wagner and Gregg, silencing AVagner and 
nearly silencing Gregg. The fleet retired at 2 P. M., 
but the shore batteries kept up a cannonading all day 
and night. The attack continued, and General Gilmore 
on the 21st demanded the surrender of Sumter and Mor- 
ris Island, with the alternative of shelling Charleston 
in 4 hours. He opened fire upon the city at midnight 
of the 23d, and next day reported Sumter practically 
demolished.. He occupied Wagner and Gregg Septem- 
ber 7, the rebels having evacuated in the night, leav- 
ing 75 men, 36 guns, and some ammunition. An at- 
tempt was made to occupy Sumter, but the party was 
repulsed, on the 8th, losing 110 men. The magazine 
of Moultrie was exploded the same day. The rebels 
lost 700 men on the 15th, in the struggle for Morris 
Island. Then, for months, the two parties looked at 
each other, with occasional bombardment. June 15, 
1864, 50 Union Generals were placed under fire at 
Charleston, but retaliation occasioned their removal. 
The rebels, on the approach of Sherman, evacuated the 



REBELLION REGISTER. 65 

place February 17, 1865, and the Unionists next 
morning marched in to find the lower part of the city 
in ruins, and take possession of 450 guns. On April 
14 General Anderson, aided by Sergeant Hart, raised 
upon Fort Sumter the same flag the Sergeant lowered 
there when the fort surrendered four years before, thus 
symbolically fulfilling Mr. Lincoln's promise to repos- 
sess the forts and places belonging to the United States. 
An oration was delivered in the fort by Rev. H. W. 
Beecher, with other appropriate ceremonies. 

Charleston, Va., was occupied by the Union troops 
February 28, 1862. 64 men of the 7th Illinois Cav- 
alry charged upon 90 rebel cavalry and a battery of ar- 
tillery, under Jeff. Thompson, and captured four guns, 
and put the rebels to flight, losing only one man, who 
was taken prisoner. 

The town was soon abandoned by the Union forces, 
and again occupied by them October 16. Skirmishes 
occurred here November 20, 24 and 26. 

A squad of Union cavalry was captured at this place 
May 15, 1863, but recaptured the following day, bring- 
ing with them 50 prisoners. 

The rebels surprised and captured the garrison at 
this place October 18, 1863. Five hundred men, be- 
sides a quantity of supplies, were taken. The rebels 
lost 5 killed and 20 wounded. 

Charlotte, N. C, was the location of the Branch U. 
S. Mint. This was seized by the rebel State authorities 
April 21, 1861. 

Charlottesville, Va., was occupied by Sheridan March 
8, 1865. He here captured a large number of prison- 
ers. 

Chartres, Duo de, and Count de Paris, "the French 
princes," entered the United States service, as aids to 
General McClellan, September 24, 1861. 

Chase, Hon. Salmon P., was called into Mr. Lincoln's 
Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury, March 5, 1861. 
To him is due the development and practical working 
of the financial policy of the Government during the 
rebellion. He tendered his resignation — rumor said on 
account of the people's dissatisfaction with the Cabinet — 
December 19, 1862. The President declined accepting 



56 RESELLION REGISTER. 

it, and he continued in his position until June 30, 
1864, when his resignation was accepted, Hon. W. P. 
Fessenden, of Maine, succeeding him. 

He was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
of the United States December 6, 1864. This is the 
highest and most honorable office in our Government 
which can be filled by appointment, and was tendered 
to Mr. Chase by the President, and heartily indorsed 
by the people, as a fitting tribute to a man able, up- 
right, and patriotic — the man for the place. 

Chattanooga, Tenn. — The rebel batteries at this place 
were silenced June 17, 1862, and the town occupied by 
Bragg July 13, 1863. 

The place was shelled by the Union forces under 
Colonel Wilder— Rosecrans's advance — August 21, 
and the investment proper commenced ten days later. 
The place was shelled almost continually until Septem- 
ber 7, when the rebels evacuated, and the Union 
forces took possession. General Kosecrans thus gained 
a most important and almost bloodless victory. In 
about 23 days the Army of the Cumberland had 
marched 300 miles, carrying 45 days' rations, and cap- 
tured one of the most powerful natural strongholds in 
the United States. The Union loss in this was six men, 
four of these being killed accidentally. The Union 
troops cautiously followed the rebels, with daily fight- 
ing, until the rebels, being heavily reinforced, they, on 
the 16th, with a force of 16,000 men, attacked Negley's 
division, 5,300 strong, at Bird's Gap, Northern Georgia, 
and drove them three and a half miles. Negley lost 
35 men, killed, wounded, and missing; he afterward 
recovered his ground. 

Rosecrans concentrated his army on the west of 
Chickamauga River, 12 miles from Lafayette, Georgia; 
Bragg, strongly reinforced by Longstreet's corps, from 
the Rappahannock, being in position on the east side 
of that river. 

Chickamauga, the battle of, was commenced Septem- 
ber 19. 

About 11 o'clock Bragg attempted to flank the left 
of Rosecrans's army. General Thomas's corps moved 
from the center to the left to counteract this move- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 57 

ment. Longstreet's corps was opposed to Thomas. 
The left wavered a little, but rallied, and, the whole 
corps advancing, the rebels retreated, and were driven 
a mile and a half, when Thomas was compelled to halt 
by the center not advancing. At 2 P. M., Polk's and 
Hill's corps, of the rebel army, were hurled against 
McCook and Crittenden, which they succeeded in break- 
ing and driving back ; but the Federals being rein- 
forced, the rebels were driven back, and the Union 
army occupied its original ground. 

The battle was reopened the next day at 8:30 
A. M., by a fierce attack on the left of the line 
under Thomas, but the attack was unsuccessful. Thom- 
as's men had constructed a breastwork of rails and logs, 
and maintained their ground against the repeated as- 
saults of the enemy. The right and center, being vig- 
orously attacked, broke in confusion. Thomas, finding 
himself alone, retreated to the base of a spur of the 
Mission Ridge, and here, being reinforced by two brig- 
ades of the reserve and portions of the other corps, he 
repulsed the rebels, and maintained his position till 
dark, saving the army. At night he fell back to Ross- 
ville. The Union losses in the two days' battles were 
1,644 killed, 9,262 wounded, and 4,945 missing; total, 
15,851. The rebel reports place their loss at 16,499, 
killed and wounded, and 1,500 prisoners. 

On the afternoon of the 21st the rebels made another 
attack on General Thomas, holding the rear of the army 
in its retreat, but they were repulsed, and the army fell 
back without interruption to near Chattanooga, which 
they, within a few days, occupied. Fighting was a daily 
occurrence until the army moved toward Lookout 
Mountain, which see. 

Chattahoochie River, Ga., was reached by Sherman's 
forces July 1, 1864; they were all across on the 16th. 

Cheat Mountain, Va., was attacked by the rebels 
September 12, 1861, but were repulsed. The attack 
being renewed the next day, they were again repulsed 
with heavy loss. 

Cheraw, S. C, was occupied by Sherman's forces, 
under Howard and Mower, March 3, 1865. The bridge 

3* 



58 REBELLION REGISTER. 

at this place, and a train of cars with some military 
stores, were destroyed. 

Cherokee Indians. — A large proportion of them 
seceded and joined the Confederates, August 23, 1861. 
The National Council, however, met, and on February 26, 
1863, repealed their secession ordinance, abolished slav- 
ery, and disqualified those who continued disloyal. 

Cherokee Station, Ala. — 2,500 men of the 15th Corps, 
under General Osterhaus, encountered 5,000 rebels, under 
Loring and S. D. Lee, at this place, October 21, 1863 ; the 
fight lasted an hour and a half, when the rebels fled, and 
were driven into their intrenchments at Tuscumbia. 

Chesapeake, a merchant steamer, was seized about 1 
o'clock A. M. of December 7, 1863, by Henry Osborne, 
a coast pilot of St. Johns, New Brunswick, and 15 others, 
20 miles north-north-east of Cape Cod ; they had shipped 
at New York as passengers ; the second engineer, Mr. 
Shaffer, was killed, the captain and crew placed in irons, 
and the pirates took the vessel toward St. Johns, where 
they landed on the 9th. She was recaptured in Sambro 
Harbor, near Halifax, on the 17th, by the U. S. gun-boat 
'• Ella and Anna." The capture having taken place in 
a British harbor called forth an explanatory correspond- 
ence between Lord Lyons and Secretary Seward, the 
result of which was that the Chesapeake and her pirat- 
ical captors were handed over to the British authorities 
at Halifax for adjudication. The pirates, on landing, 
were received with acclamations by the sympathizing 
citizens, who rescued them from the Government officers ; 
they were again taken and, after a hearing, were by a police 
magistrate committed for surrender to the United States 
authorities. This committal was, on March 10, 1864, 
overruled by a judge of the higher court. The pirates 
were then liberated. 

Chester Gap, Va., was the scene of cavalry skirmishes 
November 5, 1862, and July 22, 1863. 

Chickahominy River, Va., was crossed by the 
retreating rebels at Coles Ford May 7, 1862, and at 
Bottom's Bridge on the 17th, followed by McClellan in 
pursuit on the 23d. 

McClellan in his retreat crossed it August 18. (For 
further items, see appropriate headings.) 



REBELLION REGISTER. 59 

Chickasaw, Miss. — The rebel boats Muscle and Sallie 
Wood were captured at this place February 8, 1862. 

Chickamauga. (See Chattanooga.) 

Chickasaw, Ala., was occupied March 21, 1865, by 
General Wilson's cavalry on a raid to the central portion 
of the State. 

Chickamacomico, near Hatteras Inlet, N. C, battle 
of, October 5, 1861. — The battle was opened by an 
attack of 4,000 rebels driving the 20th Indiana from their 
camp. The Union troops retreated to that part of the 
island where the light is situated. The gun-boat Mon- 
ticello hastened to their relief, and shelled the rebels 
for four hours, while they were attempting to embark in 
their boats. The slaughter is represented as terrible. 
Night coming on, the Confederates made their escape. 

Chuckatuck, Va., was the scene of a skirmish April 
23, 1863. 

Cincinnati, 0., was threatened by the approach of 
Kirby Smith ; and September 2, 1862, martial law was 
proclaimed and the Ohio "Squirrel Hunters" invited 
out. The city was fortified, and all put in readiness for 
an attack, which on the 10th was seemingly imminent. 
A reconnoisance in force on the 12th found the enemy 
had fallen back. 

Martial law was again proclaimed July 11, 1863, on 
the approach of John Morgan, which see. 

Cincinnati, Union gun-boat, was sunk opposite Yicks- 
burg, May 26, 1863. 

City Point, Va., was shelled August 3, 1862, and 
entirely destroyed on the 28th. 

Sheridan occupied the place March 26, 1865, and the 
day following President Lincoln, Generals Grant, Sher- 
man, Sheridan, and others, held there a consultation 
preparatory to a move of Grant's army. 

Clarksville, Tenn., surrendered, without an engage- 
ment, to Flag-officer Foote, February 19, 1862. The 
place, with large amounts of Federal property, was, on 
August 20, surrendered to the rebels, without resist- 
ance. Colonel Mason, the commander, had been previ- 
ously denounced as a coward by General Sherman. 
The Union forces again captured it January 4, 1863. 

Cleveland, Tenu., was the scene of a brilliant skir- 



60 REBELLION REGLSTER. 

misli Novc'icber 27, 1863, in which. "Wheeler's cavalry 
were put to flight. They returned, however, as soon as 
the Union forces were gone, and January 9, 1864, con- 
scripted nearly every man in the place. 

Clinch River, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmish 
December 2. 1863. Rebels defeated. 

Clinton, La., with the rebel provost-marshal, 30 men, 
stores, and ammunition, was captured by the Unionists 
October 6, 1864. 

Clinton, Miss., was captured by the Union forces 
May 6, 1863. It was again captured August 24, 1864, 
the rebels losing 30 men, including a colonel, killed; 
150, including a major, wounded, and $500,000 worth 
of property. 

Clinton, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish March 30, 
1862. 

Clinton, N. C, was the scene of a brisk skirmish May 
19, 1862. 

Clinton, Tenn., was destroyed by Union troops Feb- 
ruary 18, 1863. 

Cloyd Mountain, Va. — A battle was fought at this 
place May 9, 1864. The rebels were defeated, with a 
loss of three guns, 1,000 men, killed, wounded, and 
missing, including General Jenkins, killed. Union loss, 
nearly 500. 

Cobb, Howell, Buchanan's Secretary of War, robbed 
the Government, resigned his position December 10, 
1860, and left for the South February 4, 1861. He 
was elected President of the Montgomery Convention. 

Cochran's Cross-roads, Miss., was the scene of a 
rebel defeat September 8, 1862. Union force, 380; 
rebels, 750. The rebels were driven nearly three miles. 

Cockpit Point, on the Potomac, was the scene of an 
engagement January 2, 1862, between the rebel bat- 
teries at this place and the U. S. gun-boats "Anacosta" 
and " Yankee." The place was captured by the Poto- 
mac flotilla March 9. 

Cockspur Roads, Ga., was the scene of an attack 
upon the Federal fleet November 26, 1861. 

Coffeville, Miss., was the scene of a cavalry engage- 
ment December 5, 1862. 

Cold Harbor, near New Bridge, Ya., was the scene 



REBELLION REaiSTER. 61 

of a cavalry skirmish May 24, 1862. Rebel loss, G5 
killed, 15 wounded, 40 prisoners. Union loss, 45 killed 
and wounded. One wing of Grant's army occupied the 
place Mny 30, 1864. 

Cold Knob, Va., was the scene of a rebel surprise 
November 26, 1862. Union loss, none. Rebel loss, 
about 100 prisoners. 

Coldwater, Miss.— On September 9, 1862, Colonel 
Grierson's cavalry skirmished with the enemy at Coch- 
ran's Cross-roads and Coldwater Bridge, Miss., killing 4 
and taking 70 or 80 prisoners. And on February 19, 
1863, a reconnoitering party from Yazoo Pass surprised 
200 rebel cavalry at Coldwater, and routed them, killing 
6, wounding 3, and capturing 15, without loss to the 
Federals. 

Cole, Camp, Mo., was the scene of a brisk battle be- 
tween the secessionists and the Union Home-guards 
January 19, 1861. The Unionists were victorious. 

Cole's Island, nine miles from Charleston, S. C, was 
occupied by Union troops March 27 and 28, 1863. 

Colliersville, Tenn., was captured by Union forces, 
and General Geary, commanding the rebels, was taken 
prisoner, November 3, 1863. 

Colored Soldiers. — The subject of enlisting colored 
men into the United States army called forth much dis- 
cussion, for and against it, in both military and polit- 
ical circles. The first regiment, composed of freed- 
men, was organized at Port Royal, S. C, on January 
25, 1863. An act authorizing the enlistment and pro- 
viding for the payment of colored troops soon after 
became a law, and recruiting went briskly on. As this 
act first read, the colored men received less bounty and 
less pay than the whites, but April 29 they were, in 
these respects, put upon the same footing. 

The rebels were very much excited upon this ques- 
tion. They talked about the indignity, the insult, and 
the "Southern heart being fired," and so on; and the 
authorities threatened instant execution of the officers 
of colored regiments, and the execution or enslavement 
of the troops when taken prisoners. General Hunter, 
commanding at Port Royal, S. C, addressed a letter 
upon this subject, threatening "retaliation" in kind, to 



62 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Jeff. Davis, April 23, and President Lincoln, on July 
30, proclaimed retaliation upon rebel prisoners if the 
barbarous proceedings were enacted. 

The valor and lighting qualities of the colored troops 
•was demonstrated first at Milikin's Bend, June 6, and 
afterward confirmed on many a battle-field. 

A remarkable revolution of sentiment was observed 
upon this subject, both at the North and South. The 
enlistment of colored troops was opposed, ridiculed, and 
denounced by many at the North, who, before the close 
of the year, were but too well satisfied to pay a poor 
negro man a large bounty to "go as substitute" for 
them. The rebels, too, who were so violently shocked 
at the idea when first broached, were converted to the 
belief that "niggers would, could, and should fight;" 
and February 18, 1865, General Lee urged upon the 
Confederate authorities and Congress the benefit, expe- 
diency, and absolute necessity of conscripting the negroes 
to help establish their own bondage. 

Columbia, Ark. — On June 6, 1864, General A. J. 
Smith, of Red River celebrity, met Marmaduke near this 
place, with two regiments, and drove them back. His 
forces advanced to the enemy's second position, and a 
brisk artillery duel was kept up, until, under heavy fire, 
his men ceased using their guns, and dashed into the 
enemy's lines and drove him back. Loss, about 125 on 
each side. 

Columbia, Ky., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
January 18, 1865 ; the rebels were defeated with a loss 
of 8 men ; Union loss, one slightly wounded. 

Columbia, Pa. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Columbia, S. C. — One of the rebel prisons, in which 
were stowed brave Union soldiers, was located at this 
place. 

The place was evacuated by Beauregard, upon the 
approach of Sherman, February 17, 1865. The place 
was occupied by the Union troops for three days, and 
then evacuated as they continued northward. 

Columbia, Tenn.. was the scene of a brisk engage- 
ment, October 22, 1863 ; Captain Bunch, with 60 men 
defeated 200 of Hawkins's guerrillas, killing 9, wound- 
ing several, and taking 12 prisoners. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 63 

The rebels were also defeated here in skirmishes on 
October 29 and November 3. 

Columbia, Va., was occupied by Union cavalry, and 
the James River Canal destroyed, May 3, 1863. 

Columbia, a United States war vessel of 44 guns, was, 
in anticipation of a rebel attack, destroyed at Gosport 
Navy-yard April 20, 1861. 

Columbia, a United States gun-boat, was stranded at 
Masonboro Inlet, N. C, January 15, 1863. She was 
destroyed by the rebels next day. 

Columbine, a United States gun-boat, was captured 
by the rebels, on St. John's River, Fla., May 23, 1864. 

Columbus, Ga., was captured by the Unionists April 
12, 1865. 

Columbus, Ky., was occupied by 7,000 rebels, under 
Generals Pillow and Polk, September 7, 1861. There 
was a gun-boat action near this place January 11, 1862, 
and three days later the gun-boats made a reconnoissance 
to the town. After some fighting for several days, the 
rebels commenced its evacuation, the Union troops 
occupying the place March 3. It was found entirely 
deserted, and almost totally destroyed. Several guns and 
a large quantity of military stores, abandoned by the 
Confederates, fell into Union hands. 

Columbus, Ohio, was not during the rebellion exempt 
from those who sympathized with secession. On October 
31, 1863, a conspiracy to release the prisoners in the 
Ohio Penitentiary and Camp Chase and McLean Bar- 
racks came to light. Six of the leaders were arrested. 

Columbus, a United States war vessel of 94 guns, was, 
in anticipation of a rebel attack, destroyed at Gosport 
Navy-yard, April 20, 1861. 

Commerce, Mo., which had been captured by the 
rebels, was recaptured by the Unionists August 19, 1861. 
It was soon afterward abandoned, and about December 
24 was again occupied by the rebels. 

Concordia, Ark., was burned December 7, 1862, in 
retaliation for the burning of the U. S. Steamer Lake 
City, by guerrillas at that place the day previous. 

Confederate Congress. — The South Carolina State 
Convention, on December 27, 1860, called a convention 



64 REBELLION REGISTER. 

of such slaveKolding States as in the mean time should 
have seceded from the Union, to meet at Montgomery, 
Ala., February 4, 1861. The Convention met, and on 
the 9th adopted a provisional frame-work of govern- 
ment for the " Confederate States of America." This 
provisional constitution was, on March 11, superseded 
by the permanent (?) Constitution. (See Confederate 
Constitution.) The Convention, after adopting the pro- 
visional Constitution, elected Jeflferson Davis and Alex- 
ander H. Stevens as " Provisional President and Vice- 
President," to hold office until their successors were 
elected and inaugurated. The Convention, on February 
12, took charge of all questions pending between the 
seceded States and the United States. 

The Congress met at Montgomery, and after providing 
for the establishment of the " Army of the Confederate 
States of America," March 9, ratifying President Davis's 
Cabinet appointments, and some similar work, adjourned. 
They reassembled at the same place April 29, and May 
21 adjourned to meet at Richmond, July 20, having, in 
the mean time, among many other things, authorized 
Jeff. Davis to accept all the volunteers that offered, and 
authorizing the issue of $50,000,000 in C. S. A. bonds, 
running 20 years and bearing 8 per cent, interest. 

The first regular Congress of the C. S. A. convened at 
Richmond February 18, 1862. Representatives from all 
the slaveholding States, except Maryland and Delaware, 
were present. The adjournment of this session, upon the 
approach of the Federal army and threatened capture 
of Richmond, April 22, was hasty, informal, and exciting 
in the extreme. 

To attempt any extended history of the enactments 
of this body is beyond the province of this work. Their 
last, and to the country their most pleasing enactment, 
(to adjourn sine die,) passed unanimously, March 15, 
1865. 

Confederate Constitution. — This document, which was 
adopted by the Montgomery Convention March 11, 1861, 
was substantially a copy of the Federal Constitution, 
except in the following particulars : 

The President and Vice-President were to be elected 
for a term of six years, and the former not eligible to 



REBELLION REGISTER. 65 

re-election while he was in office. He could not remove 
appointed officials, except members of his Cabinet, with- 
out the consent of the Senate. The heads of Depart- 
ments might each be accorded a seat on the floor of 
each house, with the right to discuss any measure per- 
taining to his department. The more important differ- 
ences will be seen from the following extracts. 

" No bounties shall be granted from the Treasury ; 
nor shall any duties or taxes on importations from for- 
eign nations be laid to promote or foster any branch of 
industry. 

" The citizens of each State * * =^ * shall have the 
right of transit and sojourn in any State of this Con- 
federacy, with their slaves and other property; and the 
right of property in said slaves shall not be thereby 
impaired. 

" No slave or other person held to service or labor in 
any State or Territory of the Confederate States, under 
the laws thereof, escaping or unlawfully carried into 
another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor; but 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom 
such slave belongs, or to whom such service or labor 
may be due. 

" The Confederate States may acquire new territory. 
^ ijc :ic ^ Jq q\\ gych territory, the institution of negro 
slavery, as it now exists in the Confederate States, shall 
be recognized and protected by Congress and by the 
Territorial Government ; and the inhabitants of the seve- 
ral Confederate States and Territories shall have the 
right to take to such territory any slaves lawfully held 
by them in any of the States or Territories of the Con- 
federate States. 

" The importation of negroes of the African race, from 
any foreign country, other than the slaveholding States 
or Territories of the United States of America, is hereby 
forbidden, and Congress is required to pass such laws 
as shall effectually prevent the same. 

" Congress shall also have power to prohibit the intro^ 
duction of slaves from any State not a member of, or 
Territory not belonging to, this Confederacy. 

"No clause contained in the Constitution shall b© 



66 REBELLION REQISTEU. 

construed to delegate the power to Congress to appro- 
priate money for any internal improvement intended to 
facilitate commerce, except for the purpose of furnish- 
ing lights, beacons, and buoys and other aids to naviga- 
tion upon the coasts, and the improvement of harbors, 
and the removing of obstructions in river navigation, in 
all which cases such duties shall be laid on the naviga- 
tion facilitated thereby as may be necessary to pay the 
costs and expenses thereof." 

Confiscation. — The subject of confiscating the prop- 
erty of those in rebellion was warmly discussed both in 
and out of Congress. A bill "to confiscate property 
used for insurrectionary purposes," etc., approved August 
6, 1861, providing for the immediate confiscation of all 
property belonging to office-holders under the Confed- 
erate Government, and confiscation within sixty days 
after the President's Amnesty Proclamation (which 
see), of all property belonging to disloyal citizens, or 
privates in the Confederate army, was passed the House 
July 11, 1862, and the Senate the next day; and after 
a slight modification, suggested by the President in his 
veto of the same, on constitutional grounds, it was 
again passed by both houses on the 16th, and approved, 
becoming a law the next day. 

On July 22 the President issued an order that prop- 
erty needed for the support of the armies of the United 
States should be seized, an account being kept of the 
satne. 

Congree River was crossed by Sherman's forces Feb- 
ruary 16, 1865. 

Congress met, pursuant to the call of the President, 
in extra sessioQ July 4, 1861. The principal acts passed 
were the confiscation, war tax, tariff, and military bills. 
The latter authorized the raising of 500,000 men and 
$500,000,000 in money. The action of this body upon 
confiscation, conscription, currency, amendment to the 
Constitution, etc., will be found under these and other 
appropriate heads. 

Conscription. — The first draft was ordered August 4, 
1862, and was for 300,000 men for 9 months. This 
order made a great commotion in many places — was 
applauded and denounced. Four days after the order 



REBELLION REGISTER. 67 

for the draft, the War Department ordered the arrest 
of all persons discouraging enlistments, and passports 
were denied to persons liable to draft, until the order 
was filled. 

On September 8 the restrictions on travel were re- 
scinded, and arrests for disloyalty forbidden, except by 
direction of the Judge-Advocate at Washington. 

On May 8, 1863, the President issued a proclamation 
declaring what shall constitute the national forces, and 
declaring also that no plea of alienage will be received 
from any foreign-born citizen after 65 days from the 
date of the proclamation. 

June 15 100,000 men were called out for six months, 
to repel rebel invasions. 

October 17 a call was made for 300,000 men, to be 
drafted January 5, if not sooner raised by volunteer- 
ing. 

On February 1, 1864, the President ordered a draft 
for 500,000 men, to take place the 10th of March, if 
not raised by voluntary enlistments by the 1st of March. 
This order included a former call for 300,000. 

A call for 200,000 men to supply deficiencies and 
form a reserve for the draft, to be made on the 15th of 
April, was made March 14. 

July 18 a call was made for 500,000 men, to be 
raised by volunteering within 50 days; otherwise the 
deficiency to be drafted September 5. 

The last call was made December 19, for 300,000 
men, the deficiency to be drafted February 15, 1865. 

The enforcement of the draft was the occasion of 
mobs in many places. (See mobs.) 

Constitutional Amendment. (See Appendix.) 

Contraband, a term for fugitive slaves who came 
within the Union lines, and soon became a slang or dis- 
tinguishing term for all negroes. Was first used by 
General Butler, May 27, 1861. 

Coosa River, S. C, was crossed in a captured ferry- 
boat by General Rousseau, July 13, 1864. He was 
immediately attacked by about 5,000 rebels, whom he 
defeated, driving them southward. 

Corbin and Graw, convicted of recruiting for the 



68 REBELLION REGISTER. 

rebels within the Union lines, were executed at San- 
dusky, May 15, 1864. 

Corcoran, Michael, was taken prisoner by the rebels, 
and on November 10, 1861, was held by them as 
hostage for the pirate Smith, convicted at Philadelphia. 
He was, with other officers, held until August, 1862, 
reaching Fortress Monroe on the 16th, and New York 
on the 22d, where he was received with great enthusi- 
asm. 

He shot Colonel Kimbal, April 30, 1863, for refusing 
to give the countersign. A court of inquiry exonerated 
him from all blame for so doing. He did gallant serv- 
ice during the war, and met an untimely death by a 
fall from his horse, December 22, 1863, from the effects 
of which he expired in convulsions soon after. 

Corinth, Miss., was, during the war, the scene of many 
a conflict, ranging in importance from small to great. 
Brisk skirmishes were fought April 24 and 29, 1862, 
and on the 30th the railroad communications north were 
cut by the Union forces. 

On May 8, four companies of the 7th Illinois Cav- 
alry, reconuoitering, charged upon two regiments ot 
rebel infantry near this place. The rebels lost 30 killed 
and wounded, and 4 prisoners ; Union loss, about 20 killed 
and 50 prisoners. On the 16th and 17th, the two armies 
were maneuvering, their pickets skirmishing, and a Union 
loss of 44 killed, wounded, and missing ; rebel loss, 40 
dead left on the field, and 100 wounded. Skirmishing 
continued, with approaches to battles, on the 21st, 24th, 
26th and 27th, in which the Unionists were uniformly 
successful. On the 28th, the rebels were driven back, 
with considerable loss. They left 30 dead on the field ; 
Union loss was 25 killed and wounded. The day fol- 
lowing, Beauregard, who commanded the rebels, evacu- 
ated the place, and the next day it was occupied by the 
Union forces, under General Halleck. The rebels had 
destroyed every thing they could not carry away, and 
for five miles along their route the roads were filled 
with arms, equipments, and stores. The Unionists took 
over 2,000 prisoners. The victory was followed up, and 
June 4 General Halleck reported that General Pope 



REBELLION REGISTER. 69 

was thirty miles south of Florence, Ala., with 40,000 
men, and pushing the enemy hard. He had captured 
10,000 prisoners, and 15,000 stand of arms and 9 loco- 
motives. Early on the morning of October 4, the 
combined rebel forces, under Van Dorn, Price, and 
Lovell, attacked the Union lines at Corinth. The fight 
lasted until night closed the contest. The Unionists 
were driven back into the town. The battle was 
renewed early next morning, by the Confederates ad- 
vancing to the attack. The battle raged fiercely till 
noon, when the rebels, being repulsed, broke and fled 
The Confederates numbered in this fight 38,000 men ; 
while General Rosecrans, who commanded in person, 
had not over 20,000. The Union loss was 315 killed, 
including General Hackleman, 1,812 wounded, and 232 
missing. The Confederate loss was 1,423 killed ; wounded 
estimated at 5,692; 2,248, including 137 officers, taken 
prisoners ; 3,300 stand of arms, 14 stand of colors, 
together with vast quantities of stores of all kinds. 
The rebels were pursued forty miles in force, and sixty 
miles with cavalry. On the 5th, Generals Ord and 
Hurlbut overtook the retreating rebels at the Hatchie 
River, where they made a stand. After seven hours' 
hard fighting, the rebels fled in great disorder, leaving 
their dead and wounded and 400 prisoners. Nearly 
1,000 stand of arms were taken here. The Union loss, 
500 killed and wounded. January 25, 1864, Corinth was 
evacuated, and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad 
abandoned by the Federal troops, who concentrated at 
Memphis, preparatory to a movement forward. 

Corpus Christi Pass, Texas, was captured by Union 
forces under Banks, November 15, 1863. 

Cortez, General, reviewed the Army of the Potomac, 
September 28, 1863. 

Corydon, Ind. (See Morgan's raid.) 

Cottage Grove, Tenn. — This place is near Bradyville, 
which see. 

Cotton. — The export of this staple was prohibited by 
the rebels May 26, 1861. 

Cotton Burning was extensively done by both parties, 
in which way it is estimated that one-half of all the 
cotton in the South was consumed. 



70 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Cotton Hili, Va., was besieged from October 30 to 
November 7, 1861. 

Count de Paris. (See Chartres.) 

Courier, the, of Louisville, was denied tbe mails Sep- 
tember 18, 1861, on account of its alleged sympathy 
with the rebels. 

Cove Station, Va., was reached and occupied by 
Sheridan March 6, 1865, on his way to Lynchburg. 

Covington, Ky., was in great commotion during the 
threatened attack upon Cincinnati in September 1862, 
and slight skirmishing occurred near it on the 12th of 
that month. 

Covington, Tenn.— On March 10, 1863, Colonel 
Grierson, with the 6th and 7th Illinois Cavalry, sur- 
rounded Richardson's guerrillas, near Covington, and 
captured them ; 25 were killed. 

Another haul of guerrillas was made near the same 
place on the 16th. 

Cox's Mills, Va., was the scene of a skirmish August 
2, 1862. 

Crab Orchard, Ky., was reached by the Federals 
October 15, 1862, in their pursuit of Bragg. The rebels 
were about 45,000 strong; Union forces less than 20,000. 
Union loss, 600 killed, 2,000 wounded. Rebel loss, 1,350 
killed and 2,100 wounded. 

Crany Island, Va., was bombarded by the Union 
forces May 8 and 9, 1862, and abandoned by the rebels 
on the 10th. 

Cripple Creek, Tenn., was the scene of a brisk skir- 
mish May 16, 1863, in which 18 rebels were taken 
prisoners. 

Crittenden Compromise. — This measure was intro- 
duced into the United States Senate December 18, 1860, 
and its author, John J. Crittenden, Senator from Ken- 
tucky, in its defense, made a very strong Union speech 
on the 22d. A committee of 13, appointed to devise 
a means of settlement between the North and South, 
voted down this measure on the 20th. It was virtually 
killed in the Senate January 16, 1861, by the adoption 
of " Clark's substitute," " that the Constitution is good 
enough and secession ought to be put down." The fol- 
lowing is the material portion of the measure : 



REBELLION REGISTER. 71 

" To renew the Missouri line of 36° 30' ; prohibit slavery 
north and permit it south of that line ; admit new States 
with or without slavery, as their constitutions provide ; 
prohibit Congress from abolishing slavery in States, and 
in the District of Columbia so long as it exists in Mary- 
land and Virginia ; permit free transmission of slaves 
by land or water in any State ; pay for fugitive slaves 
rescued after arrest ; repeal the inequality of commis- 
sioners' fees in the Fugitive Slave Act, and ask the 
repeal of Personal Liberty Bills in the Northern States. 
These concessions to be submitted to the people as 
amendments to the Constitution, and, if adopted, never to 
be changed." 

Cromwell, Ky., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
October 28, 1861. 

Cross Keys, Va., battle of, June 8, 1862. — General 
Fremont attacked Stonewall Jackson at Cross Keys, 7 
miles from Harrisonburg, Va., at 8:30 o'clock in the 
morning, and drove him out after a severe fight. The 
Union loss was about 600 killed, wounded, and missing ; 
rebel loss unknown. 

Cross Lanes, Va., was the scence of a skirmish 
August 21, 1861. 

Crump Hill, near Natchitoches, La., was the scene of 
a cavalry skirmish and rebel defeat March 30, 1864. 

Crystal Springs, Miss., was burned by the Federal 
forces May 11, 1863. 

Culpepper, Va., was the head-quarters of General 
Pope August 8, 1862. There was a cavalry skirmish 
here August 1, 1863 ; and on September 13, General 
Pleasanton's cavalry drove the rebels through the place, 
and captured 5 guns and 104 men ; the 2d Army Corps 
afterward occupied the place. 

The Union Army fell back to this place October 9, 
and on November 9, 700 rebels were taken prisoners, 
about a mile from the town. 

Culpepper C. H., Va., was captured by the Unionists 
May 2, 1863. 

Culp's Farm, Ga., was the scene of a hard battle June 
22, 1864. The rebels attacked Sherman's forces, while 
the latter were crossing Moses Creek, but were repulsed 
several times with great loss. 



72 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Cumberland, Md. (See Pennsylvauia Invasion.) 

Cumberland, Va., was the head-quarters of General 
McClellan, and the scene of a brisk skirmish May 13, 
1862. On August 2, 1864, General Kelly was attacked 
at Cumberland, by the rebel raiders under Bradley 
Johnson and McCausland. The rebels were routed, 
after a severe fight, losing caissons, wagons, and a large 
quantity of their plunder. General Kelly pursued them 
toward Old Town. 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn., near the Virginia and Ken- 
tucky line, is a place about which clusters many a war 
incident. It was occupied by Zollicoflfer in his retreat 
November 13, 1861. On March 22, 1862, a reconnois- 
sance in force was made from Cumberland Ford to this 
place. The rebel pickets were driven in, and firing 
commenced early in the morning, which continued all 
day, without any definite results. 

The Gap was occupied by the Union forces under 
General Morgan June 18. Skirmishing was of almost 
daily occurrence. In an engagement August 7, the 
rebels lost, in killed and wounded, 125 men; Union loss, 
3 killed, 15 wounded, and 50 prisoners, large quantities 
of forage, tobacco, stores, horses and mules. 

General Morgan destroyed every thing of value as war 
material, and evacuated the place September 17, and, 
though surrounded by the enemy, he succeeded in sav- 
ing his command, which reached Greenupsburg on the 
3d of October. 

It was occupied by General Bragg October 22. 

On September 8, 1863, the place, with 2,000 men and 
14 pieces of artillery, under rebel General Frazer, sur- 
rendered, without firing a gun, to General Shackelford ; 
40 wagons, 200 mules, and a large quantity of commis- 
sary stores were captured. 

A three hours' skirmish occurred January 29, 1864, 
on the Virginia road, 13 miles from this place. Colonel 
Love, with 1,600 cavalry, 400 only of whom were 
mounted, with no artillery, held his position till dark, 
and then fell back 3 miles to camp. 

Nine hundred rebels surrendered, and were paroled 
at Cumberland Gap April 28, 1865. 

Cummings Point. (See Charleston, S. C.) 



REBELLION EEGISTER. 73 

Curlew, a steamer, ran aground in the Arkansas River 
and was attacked by guerrillas April 25, 1864. The 
guerrillas and Tom Keenan, " the Wild Irishman," their 
leader, was killed. 

Gushing, Lieutenant, of the " Monticello," performed 
some very heroic deeds during his connection with the 
navy. March 20, 1864, with two boat-loads of men, he 
made his passage by the rebel guards, into Smithville, 
N. C, where he entered a house opposite the rebel 
camp and carried off a rebel captain as prisoner. On 
February 4, 1865, with four boats and a force of fifty 
men, he captured the town of All Saints, N. C, taking 
about 30 prisoners. He held the place one day, de- 
stroyed $15,000 worth of cotton, brought off about 20 
bales, and returned to repeat a like experiment upon 
Charlotte, four days later. 

His most daring feat, however, was performed Octo- 
ber 28, 1864, in destroying the rebel ram " Albemarle," 
which was lying at Plymouth, protected by a log barri- 
cade. 

Cjruthiana, Ky., was captured, after a severe fight, by 
John Morgan, July 17, 1862. The place was again 
captured by Morgan June 11, 1864. General Bur- 
bridge, who had marched his men (cavalry) 90 miles in 
twenty-four hours, came up with the raiders at this 
place next day. The fight was fierce and sanguinary, 
lasting over an hour, and resulted in the complete rout 
of the guerrillas. His loss was 150; theirs, in killed, 
wounded, and prisoners, 500. They were compelled to 
leave behind them over 1,000 horses, and a large amount 
of their plunder. Over 100 of the troops which Mor- 
gan so easily captured were recovered. 

Dahlgren, Colonel TJlrick, and his party, were, on 
March 3, 1864, ambushed at King and Queen Court- 
house, when the Colonel and several others were in- 
stantly killed ; many were taken prisoners. The corpse 
of Colonel Dahlgren was horribly mutilated, for which 
inhumanity the rebels attempted a justification, by forg- 
ing an order which they pretended was found upon him. 

Daily News, Day-Book, Journal of Commerce, and 
Free-man's Journal, were denied the use of the mails 
about August 21 and 25, 1861. 
4 



74 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Dallas, Ga. — On the 25th of May, 1864, a portion of 
G-eneral Sherman's army secured a good position near 
this place, after some hard fighting ; this was followed, 
on the 26th and 27th, by active assaults of the enemy 
on his slightly-intrenched position. On the 28th, the 
assaults were renewed with greater vehemence, and con-' 
tinued all day. McPherson closed the day by driving 
the enemy back. 

Dalton, G-a., was evacuated by General Hood's forces 
January 31, 1864; pickets were, however, kept there by 
the rebels for some days, when they again occupied the 
place. A rebel regiment, on February 1, mutinied, 
rather than reenlist, many of them escaping to the 
Union lines. The Union forces under General Thomas 
commenced operations against the place early in March, 
skirmishing and fighting being almost of daily occur- 
rence, until May 12, when the outer works of the place 
was carried. General McPherson next day cut oiF nine 
trains of military stores, leaving Dalton, while Howard 
was threatening their left wing. On the 14th the town 
was occupied by Sherman's 4th Corps, the rebels re- 
treating to Resaca. 

The place was threatened August 14, 1864, by the 
rebel General Wheeler, with 5,000 men, who demanded 
the surrender of the place. Colonel Sieboldt, command- 
ing the garrison of 420 men, refused the demand, and 
being reinforced during the night by General Steedman's 
forces, drove Wheeler in confusion from the place. 

Dam No. 4, on the Potomac, was the scene of a 
skirmish December 11, 1861. 

Danby's Mills, on the east of Mobile Bay, was, on 
March 20, 1865, occupied by the Union forces under 
General A. J. Smith, from which point they operated 
against Mobile. 

Danville, Ky., was taken by the rebels, but retaken 
by the Federals, March 28, 1863. 

Danville, Tenn., was attacked by the rebels October 
23, 1863, but they failed to capture it at that time. They, 
however, occupied it soon afterward, and were driven 
therefrom January 29, 1864. 

Dardanelles, Ark., was captured May 30, 1864, by 
the rebels under General Shelby, who took about 200 



REBELLION REGISTER. 75 

prisoners. General Price, on his way to Missouri, 
crossed the Arkansas E,iver at tliis point September 8, 
180^. 

Darksville. (See Perryville.) 

Daiieystown. (See New Market Heights.) 

Darnstown, Md., was the scene of a battle and Union 
victory September 15, 1861. The town was plundered 
by the rebels July 10, 1864. 

Dauphin's Island was occupied March 8, 1865, by 
Union troops, intended to operate against Mobile. The 
place was thus occupied until the 20th, when the troopa 
were moved to Danby's Mills. 

Davisboro, Ga., was evacuated by the rebels under 
Iversou, on November 27, 1864, and occupied by Sher- 
man's advance the same day. 

Davis, Jeff. C, killed Major- General Nelson at the 
Gait House, Louisville, Ky. The affair grew out of a 
personal quarrel. Nelson died in fifteen minutes after 
being shot. General Davis surrendered himself up, 
passed an examination, and was acquitted October 21. 

Davis, Jefferson, Senator from Mississippi, withdrew 
from the United States Senate January 21, 1861. He was 
elected Provisional President of the "Confederate States" 
February 9, inaugurated on the 18th, appointed his Cabi- 
net on the 21st, and exercised the veto power for the first 
time on the bill legalizing the African slave-trade on 
the 28th. His first requisition for Confederate troops 
was made April 9, and the first '' letter of marque and 
reprisal in aid of the Confederacy " was by him granted 
on the 17th. On August 15 he ordered all Northern 
men to leave the Confederacy within 40 days. The 
Confederate Congress, February 19, 1862, declared him 
elected President, and Alexander H. Stephens Vice- 
President of the Confederate States, having received all 
the electoral votes cast. They were inaugurated three 
days later. 

January 12, 18G3, on the meetiog of the Confederate 
Congress, he transmitted to that body a message strongly 
urging retaliatory measures against the Emancipation 
Proclamation. On February 10, he issued an address 
to the rebel army, thanking them, for himself and the 
Government, for the esteem and regard manifested in 



76 REBELLION RBGISTER. 

their voluntary (?) re-enlistment. He closed with a 
presage of success to the Confederate and downfall of 
the Union cause. He " dismissed from his court " the 
Consuls of England and Austria June 14, 1863. His 
call for " all white men between the ages of 18 and 45 
was made July 15. He issued a proclamation of 
amnesty and entreaty to all deserters and malcontents 
August 1, and duriug September and October made a 
tour of observation to cheer his constituents, and retire 
the now desponding Southern heart. Several attempts 
Were made to burn his residence in Richmond, and one, 
on January 19, 1864, was nearly a success. 

At the outbreak of the rebellion, no one was more 
popular in the South than " JefF. Davis," but, as the 
rebels began to see the result of their effort, his popu- 
larity rapidly declined. First the soldiers, then the 
citizens, and soon the rebel Congress denounced his 
administration and policy. His last proclamation from 
Richmond was issued January 25, 1865, appointing 
March 10 as a day of public fasting and prayer. 

While attending church on the morning of April 2, 
he received a dispatch from General Lee that the rebel 
lines were broken, and Richmond in danger. Davis, 
with his family and a few friends, immediately left the 
city, fleeing toward North Carolina, reaching Danville 
next day. His last proclamation was issued from this 
place on the 4th, declaring the rebel cause yet hopeful, 
and urging continued and renewed resistance. The 
party continued their flight toward the coast umiU May 
10, when the whole number, including Jefl". Davis, his 
wife, sisters, and brother, his Postmaster-General, Rea- 
gan, his Private Secretary, Colonel Harrison, Colonel 
Johnson, Aide-de-Camp on Davis's staff. Colonels Morris 
and Lubbick, Lieutenant Hathaway, and others, also a 
train of five wagons and three ambulances, were cap- 
tured at Irwinsville, Wilkinson County, Georgia, by 
Lieutenant-Colonel Pritchard, commanding the 4th 
Michigan Cavalry, of Minty's 2d Division. The honor 
and reward of this splendid achievement had narrowly 
escaped falling to another battalion, Lieutenaut-Colonel 
Harden, 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, of Lagrange's brigade, 
McCook's (1st) division, of Wilson's corps. Minty's 



REBELLION REGISTER. 77 

division had been distributed all along the south banks 
of the Ocmulgee and Altamaha. Harden 's forces had 
struck the trail of Davis at Dublin, Lawrence County, on 
the evening of the 7th, and followed him closely night 
and day, through the pine wilderness of Alligator Creek 
and Green Swamp, via Cumberlandsville, to Irwinsville. 
At Cumberlandsville, Colonel Harden met Colonel Pritch- 
ard, with one hundred and fifty picked men and horses 
of the 4th Michigan. Harden followed the trail directly 
south, while Pritchard, having fresh horses, pushed down 
the Ocmulgee toward Hopewell, and thence toward House 
Creek to Irwinsville, arriving there at midnight of the 
9th. Jefi". Diivis had not yet arrived. From a citizen 
Pritchard learned that his party were encamped two 
miles out of the town. He made dispositions of his men 
and surrounded the camp before day. The captors re- 
port that he hastily put on one of his wife's dresses and 
started for the woods, closely followed by our men, who 
at first thought him a woman, but seeing his boots while 
he was running, they suspected his sex at once. The 
race was a short one, and the rebel President was soon 
brought to bay. He was conveyed to Fortress Monroe, 
where he has since been, and is now (January 1, 1866) 
a prisoner. 

Petitions to President Johnson in his case have been 
many, numerously signed, and for all sorts of sentences, 
reprieves, and pardons. 

Davis's Mills, Miss. — 6,000 rebels, under Van Dorn, 
made an attack on 200 infantry and 50 cavalry, under 
Colonel Morgan, 25th Indiana, protected by earth-works 
and block-houses, at this place, December 25, 1863, and, 
after a desperate fight of three and a half hours, during 
which they made three distinct charges, were repulsed. 
Van Dorn lost 22 killed, 60 wounded, 20 prisoners, and 
100 stand of arms ; Union loss, 3 wounded. 

Dawson. (See Dryersburg.) 

Day-book. (See Daily News.) 

Day's Gap. Ala. — Colonel Streight's comniciud, on 
April oO, 1863, had a skirmish with the rebels at this 
place, in which they repulsed the rebels, killing and 
woanding about 70 of them; their loss was 1 killed and 
20 wounded. He captured the rebel artillery. At 3 



78 REBELLION REGISTER. 

P. M. they had another fight, which lasted till dark; two 
Unionists were killed and several wounded. Colonel 
Streight spiked the captured pieces and moved ofi" under 
cover of the darkness. 

Decatur, Ala., was the scene of a brisk engagement 
July 26, 1862. 

A regiment of rebel soldiers mutinied at this place 
February 8, 1864, rather than re-enlist. The place was 
occupied by the Union forces on the 14th. Rousseau, 
with 3,000 men, left this place for the south July 10. 

October 28 a sortie was made from the garrison at 
this place on the enemy's rifle-pits, which cleared them 
out, capturing 120 prisoners, besides killing and wound- 
ing a number. Colonel Morgan, with the 14th U. S. 
colored troops, carried one of the enemy's batteries just 
above the town. He spiked the guns and returned in 
safety. General Hood, the same day, with a large force, 
attempted to take the place, then garrisoned by a small 
force under General Granger, but was repulsed, with a 
loss of 134 men and 6 guns. Decatur was besieged by 
Beauregard, but November 26 he was attacked, and on 
the 29th repulsed, with a loss of over 500 men. Gen- 
eral Steedman, in pursuit of Hood's retreating forces, 
crossed the Tennessee River at this point December 27. 

Dechard, Teun., was occupied by Union forces, after 
driving out the rebels, June 29, 1863. 

Deep Gully, N. C, was the scene of heavy skirmish- 
ing March 13 and 14, 1863. 

Deep Bun, Va., was the scene of a brisk though un- 
decisive battle — sometimes called "Battle of White 
Tavern" — on August 16, 1864. The rebel Generals 
Gheiardi and Chambliss were killed. Loss nearly 1,400 
on each side. 

Deer Creek, Miss., was captured by a Union raiding 
party April 26, 1863. Much rebel property, including 
32 cotton-mills and 400,000 bushels of corn, was de- 
stroyed. 

Delaware Legislature passed a resolution opposing 
secession January 2, 1861. 

Demara's Ferry was used by the Union forces in 
crossing the Savannah River November 27, 1864. 

Dennison, Hon. William, ex-Governor of Ohio, sue- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 79 

ceeded Montgomery Blair in the position of Postmaster- 
General October 1, 1804. 

Denver City, Colorado Territory. — At this place, on 
Mar(^h 26, 1S62, the advance of a body of Union troops, 
under Colonel J. P. Slough, en route for New Mexico, 
met and attacked a force of 250 Confederate cavalry, 
and, after a short engagement, took 57 of them prison- 
ers. 

Bes-Ark, Ark., was taken by the Federals without 
opposition, January 17, 1863. 

Detroit, Mich. (See Canada Raids.) 

Diana, United States gun-boat, was captured by the 
rebels, on the Atchafalaya River, La., March 28, 1863. 

Dinwiddie C. H., Va. — Near this place, March 31, 
1865, Sheridan was furiously attacked by one cavalry 
and two infantry divisions of rebels, and driven four 
miles, when Custer's troops checked the pursuit. 

Dismal Swamp Canal, N. C, was destroyed April 
24, 1862. 

Dix, General John A., was called into President Bu- 
chanan's Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. His 
celebrated order, which sent a thrill of delight and en- 
couragement through the great loyal heart, was issued 
to the United States special agent at New Orleans, Jan- 
uary 29, 1861, as follows: 

" If any person attempts to haul down the American 
flag, shoot him on the spot." 

He was. May 6, commissioned as Major-General of 
volunteers, from New Jersey, and June 14, to the 
same grade in the regular army. He was assigned to 
the command of the Middle Department, March 28, 1862, 
He was ordered to New York in the riotous times of 
1863. He was arrested July 1, 1864, for his suppression 
of the New York Journal of Commerce, and other like 
papers; waiving the benefit of the suppression of the 
''habeas corpus,'" he passed an examination, and was 
discharged. 

In consequence of the incendiary attempts to burn 
New York city on the night of November 25, he ordered 
all persons in the city from the rebel States to regis- 
ter themselves at General Peck's office; also declaring 
the incendiaries to be spies, and ordering that if caught, 



80 REBELLION REGISTER. 

they should be "immediately tried, and, if found guilty, 
instantly executed." 

DodgC) a United States revenue cutter, was seized by 
the State authorities, in Galveston Bay, Texas, March 2, 
1861. 

Donaldsonvile, La., was the scene of a brisk but un- 
decisive engagement September 24, 1862. General 
WeitzeFs forces, from New Orleans, arrived at this place 
November 26, and the next day met the Confederates, 
when half an hour's fight ensued, which resulted in the 
rout of the rebels, with a loss of 6 killed, 15 wounded, 
and 268 prisoners ; Union loss, 18 killed and 68 wounded. 
The rebels attacked the place, June 28, 1863, but were 
repulsed with considerable loss. They being reinforced, 
occupied the place a few days later, but were driven out 
September 25. The town was surrounded by a band of 
guerrillas under one Scott, and the surrender of the 
Union forces demanded, August 5, 1864. This was re- 
fused, when the garrison (the 11th New York Cavalry) 
cut their way out, leaving their sick in camp. 

Boniphan, Mo., was the scene of a severe skirmish 
and Union defeat. May 28, 1863. The Unionists lost 
80 men. 

Douglas, Stephen A., United States Senator for Il- 
linois, died at the Tremont House, Chicago, at ten min- 
utes past 9 A. M., June 13, 1861. His last words 
were a message to his children, telling them to " obey 
the laws and support the Constitution of the United 
States." 

Dover, Tenn., was attacked by rebels February 3, 
1863. They were, by the aid of the gun-boats, repulsed 
with heavy loss. 

Drainesvilie, Va. — An engagement occurred near this 
place December 20, 1861, between a foraging party, un- 
der Gen. Ord, and the rebels, under Gen. Stuart. After 
a severe fight of about two hours, the rebels retreated, 
leaving from fifty to seventy-five dead on the field, and 
a great many wounded, besides large quantities of war 
material. Union loss, 8 killed and 50 wounded. A de- 
tachment of 150 of the 2d Massachusetts Cavalry, under 
Captain Reed, while scouting near this place, February 
22, 1864, was attacked by 200 or 300 of Mosby's guer- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 81 

rillas in ambusli ; the Unionists fell back; 7 men were 
killed, and a number captured. 

Draft. (See Conscription.) 

Dryersburg", Tenn., was occupied for some time by 
guerrillas, who were driven out January 30, 1863. Feb- 
ruary 7, there was a severe skirmish near the town with 
Dawson's guerrillas ; 7 killed and the balance captured, 
except Dawson, who escaped. 

Buck River, Tenn., was reached and crossed by the 
rebels, who were attacked and driven back March 19, 1863. 

Duck River Shoals, Tenn., was, on April 25, 1863, 
the scene of a severe bombardment between the Union 
gun-boats and the rebel shore batteries. The batteries 
were silenced, with a rebel loss of 25 men killed and 
wounded. Union loss none. 

Dufiield's Station, on the B. and 0. R. R., was oc- 
cupied, and the track there destroyed by Mosby's 
guerrillas, January 19, 1865. A train was thrown from 
the track the same day. 

Dug Springs, Mo. — On August 2, 1861, Gen. Lyon's 
forces had a fight with the rebels under Ben McCuUoch, 
at Dug Springs, nineteen miles south-west of Springfield, 
Missouri, and defeated them with artillery and cavalry. 
Union loss, nine killed and thirty wounded; Confeder- 
ate loss heavy. 

Duguidsville, Va. — The rebels destroyed the bridge 
over James River, at this place, March 8, 1865. 

Duke, Basil, and a few of Morgan's guerrillas, under 
his command, were captured near Pomeroy, Ohio, July 
30, 1863. (See John Morgan.) 

Dumfries, Va., was, on December 23, 1862, the scene 
of a battle between General Sigel's forces and 4,000 
Confederate cavalry under Stuart. After several repulses 
the rebels retired ; but being reinforced, he, three days 
later, made another attack with 6,000 men and 6 pieces 
of artillery. The place was defended by three companies 
of infantry, 400 cavalry, and 4 pieces of artillery ; after 
a fight of six hours the rebels retired, defeated, losing 
10 killed, 16 wounded, and 30 prisoners. Union loss, 4 
killed, 8 wounded, and 20 men captured on patrol duty. 
One week later the attack was again renewed, the place 
captured, and the Federal depot and stores destroyed. 
4^^ • 



82 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Durham Station, 25 miles north-west of Raleigh, N. 
C, was, on April 18, 1865, the meeting-place between 
Sherman and Johnson, for settlement of the terms of 
surrender. 

Dutch Gap Canal. (See Grant's Report.) 

Duval's Bluff, Ark., was, on July 6, 1862, the scene 
of a sharp contest between 200 of the 24:th Indiana and 
450 rebel cavalry. The cavalry were defeated. Their 
loss was 84 killed, wounded, and missing ; Union loss, 1 
killed and 21 wounded. The Unionists pursued the 
rebels, and the following day again won a victory, cap- 
turing the rebel stores, camp equipage, etc. 

The place was captured January 16, 1863, by the 
Union forces under General Gorman. 150 prisoners, 2 
columbiads, 300 small arms, and a large quantity of 
ammunition were taken. Nearly all the 54th Illinois 
Infantry were captured near this place, by the rebel 
General Shelby, August 23, 1864. 

Early. (See Grant's Report.) 

East Bay, Fla., was occupied, and nearly 20 salt-ket- 
tles destroyed, by a party from the U. S. bark "Restless," 
February 18, 1864. 

East Point, Ga., was for a time the head-quarters of 
the rebel General Wheeler. He finally evacuated the 
place August 10, 1864. 

Eastport, Miss., was General Thomas's head-quarters 
January 9, 1865. 

Eastport, Tenn., was thrown into great excitement 
March 24, 1862, by the near approach of the Union gun- 
boats. The town was occupied by Union forces April 
19, 1863. They burned the town and abandoned it ten 
days later. 

Edenton, N. C, was occupied by an expedition under 
Lieutenant Maury, U. S. N., February 12, 1862. 

Edward's Ferry, on the Potomac, was the scene of a 
skirmish June 17, 1861. An artillery engagement took 
place here October 25, in which the rebel batteries were 
silenced. A rebel raiding party crossed the Potomac 
at this point into Maryland November 13, 1863. 

Edwards Station, Miss. (See Baker's Creek.) 

'Egypt, Miss., was occupied by the Union forces from 



REBELLION REGISTER, 83 

February 14 till the 19tli, 18G4. Immense quantities of 
corn and provisions were destroyed. 

Elizabeth City, N. C. (See Burnside's Expedition.) 

Elizabethtowii, Ky., was captured by the guerrillas, 
under John Morgan, December 27, 1862. The rebels 
occupied the town June 13, 1863, capturing a train of 
200 Government horses and other valuable stores. 

Elk Creek, Indian Territory, was the scene of a rebel 
defeat July 16, 1863. 

Elk Fork, Ky.— 250 men of the 10th Kentucky Cav- 
alry, under Major Foley, surprised a body of 350 Con- 
federates at this place December 27, 1862. They killed 
and wounded 47, and captured 57 men and 80 horses, 
and burned their camp. No loss to the Unionists. 

Elk River, Va., was, on September 12, 1862, the scene 
of a desperate fight which lasted nearly all day and re- 
sulted in a drawn battle. 

Elkwater, Va., was the scene of a rebel defeat Sep- 
tember 11, 1861. John A. Washington, former proprie- 
tor of Mount Vernon, was killed while reconnoitering 
near Elkwater next day. 

Ellsworth, Elmer E., was commissioned as Colonel at 
the outbreak of the rebellion. May 2, 1861, his regi- 
ment — the New York fire Zouaves — arrived in Washing- 
ton, and moved to Alexandria on the 24th. Colonel 
Ellsworth, seeing a secession flag flying from the " Mar- 
shall House," stepped in, and with four others took it 
down. As he was returning from the roof he was shot 
and instantly killed by the landlord, one James Jackson. 
Jackson was almost as instantly killed by Corporal 
Brownell, of the Colonel's party. Jackson's deed, which 
was at the North shudderingly regarded as assassination, 
was at the South exulted over as heroic patriotism, and 
a subscription set on foot for the benefit of his family. 

Emancipation. — General Fremont, on August 31, 
1861, issued a proclamation, which, among other things, 
declared that the slaves of rebels should be free. Pres- 
ident Lincoln disapproved of that portion of the procla- 
mation September 11. On December 4, General Phelps 
issued his emancipation order. 

President Lincoln, on February 6, 1862, sent to Con- 
gress a message, recommending gradual emancipation. 



84 REBELLION REGISTER. 

These resolutions passed the tlouse March 14, and the 
Senate April 2. 

General Hunter issued his emancipation order May 
9, which the President repudiated the 19th. 

In a message, July 14, President Lincoln recommended 
to Congress the abolition of slavery, and providing com- 
pensation to ov/uers. 

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued September 
22, 1862, and the extent of its application defined Jan- 
uary 1, 1863. (For these documents see appendix.) 

The number of slaves emancipated by this proclama- 
tion was, taking the census of 1860 as a basis, as 
follows : 

Alabama 435,080 

Arkansas 111,115 

Florida 61,745 

Georgia 462,198 

Louisiana, (part,) 247,715 

Mississippi 436,631 

North Carolina 331,059 

South Carolina 402,406 

Texas 182,566 

Virginia, (part,) about 450,000 

Total 3,120,515 

The number of slaves not affected by its provisions 
was about 832,000. (See Adams, Davis, Maryland, 
Missouri, Tennessee, etc.) 

Eminence, Ky., was the scene of a brisk skirmish, and 
the capture of the guerrilla "Jessy," and 28 of his men, 
April 25, 1865. 

England. (See Mason and Slidell, and Neutrality.) 

Eureka, Mo., was captured by the Federals Septem- 
ber 13, 1862. 

Fairfax C. H., Va. — Forty-seven men, under Lieu- 
tenant Tompkins, of the 2d United States Cavalry, sur- 
prised the rebels at Fairfax Court-housje June 1, 1861 = 
Result indecisive. The town was occupied by the Union 
forces July 17, from which they moved next day in the 
direction of Centerville. A sharp skirmish occurred 
near this place November 27, and also on February 7, 
1862. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 85 

Brisk skirmishing occurred between this place and 
Washington September 2, 1862. The rear guard con- 
sisted of Hooker's and Porter's commands, and did 
effectual service in keeping the rebels in cheek as the 
Union troops were moving into the fortifications pro- 
tecting Washington on the Virginia side. 

The rebels were dispersed at this poiat May 14, 1863. 
Mosby's gang surprised and occupied the place March 
8, 1863, capturing General Stoughton, the Provost- 
marshal, patrols, and all the men, with 110 horses. 

Fairfax Station, Va., was unsuccessfully attacked by 
Stuart's cavalry December 28, 1862. A band of guer- 
rillas were dispersed near this place June 4, 18()3, and, 
on the 27th, the Union cavalry were defeated on the 
same field. A skirmish, without loss or decided results, 
occured near the Station August 24. On September 25, 
Mosby's guerrillas tore up the track, and committed 
other depredations, near the town. 

Fairmouiit, Va., was the scene of a gallant defense 
April 29, 1863. A heavy force of rebel cavalry, under 
Imboden and Jones, attacked this place, defended by 
350 men, under Colonel Mulligan. After fighting nearly 
all day, the garrison were obliged to surrender. The 
rebels admitted a loss of 100 ; the Union loss was 1 
killed and 4 wounded. The rebels then plundered the 
place. 

Fair Gardens, near Sevierville, Tenn. — Two divisions 
of rebel cavalry, under General Martin, the advance of 
Longstreet's army, attacked General Sturgis at this place 
January 28, 1864.. Sturgis fell back to a commanding 
position, and next morning opened the fight. After a 
stubborn contest, lasting from daylight till 4 P. M., the 
rebels wer^ defeated; 65 rebels were killed and wounded. 
Two steel rifle-guns and 100 prisoners were left in the 
hands of the Union troops. 

Fair Oaks, Va.— On May 31, 1862, at 10 o'clock A. 
M., taking advantage of a heavy storm which had 
flooded the valley, the main body of the rebels, under 
General Joe Johnston, attacked the Union advance 
which had crossed the river at Fair Oaks and Seven 
Pines. General Casey's division was overpowered, and 
fell back. General Couch's division came to the rescue, 



86 REBELLION B-EGLSTER. 

and checked the further advance of the rebels. The 
fight was desperate, and lasted until night. The rebels 
occupied the ground they had woo. The battle was 
resumed next morning at da3^1ight, and continued all 
day. In one of the brilliant bayonet charges made by 
the Union troops, the rebels were driven back toward 
Richmond. Union loss, 890 killed, 3,627 wounded, and 
1,217 missino;; rebel loss, 8,000, including five Grenerals. 
They left 1,200 dead on the field. 

The rebels made an attempt June 17, to flank a por- 
tion of the Union forces at Fair Oaks, but they were 
repulsed. 

Falling Waters, Va., was the scene of an unimpor- 
tant skirmish July 1, 1861. Lee crossed the Potomac at 
this point July 14, 1863. 

Falls Church, Va., was the scene of a skirmish June 
29. 1861. 

On September 29, Colonel Baker's California regiment 
and Colonel Owen's Irish regiment, of Pennsylvania, 
mistaking each other for secessionists, fired into each 
other near this place, and, before the mistake was dis- 
covered, some 9 men were killed, and 25, including three 
officers, were wounded. 

On the morning of November 16 a foraging party of 
the 30th New York were betrayed near Upton's Hill, 
Virginia, by a man named Doolin, at whose farm the 
men were collecting forage. Doolin, who was previously 
supposed to be a Union man, was arrested. 

Falmouth. (See Fredericksburg and Burnside.) 

Farmington, Miss., was the scene of a short but 
desperate action April 2, 1862. A battalion of the 
2d Illinois Cavalry were surrounded by a body of Con- 
federate troops, but cut their way out, inflicting a loss 
on the rebels of 49, killed, wounded, and, missing. The 
cavalry lost 1 killed and four wounded. The rebels 
being reinforced, the Unionists were forced to retire *ou 
the 4th. Skirmishing was renewed May 3, when the 
rebels were defeated, with a loss of 30 killed and a 
large amount of camp equipage. Union loss, 2 killed 
and 12 wounded. 

The most important action at this place occurred on 
May 9, 1862. The rebel army, under Bragg, was held 



RETJELTJON RE(iISTEH 87 

in check for five hours, but being heavily reinforced, 
the Unionists, under General Paine, retired across 
the Tennessee River. Union loss, 21 killed and 140 
wounded; rebel loss, 420 killed and wounded. 

Farmington, Mo., was the scene of a brisk, though 
undecisive skirmish, July 1, 1861. 

Earmington, Tenn. — General Crook defeated Gen- 
eral Wheeler at this place October 8, 1863. Union loss, 
30 killed, 150 wounded; rebel loss, 300 killed, wounded, 
and prisoners. 

Farnden's Creek, three miles from Raymond, Missis- 
sippi, was the scene of a hotly contested battle May 12, 
1863. The rebels were under Gregg, the Unionists 
commanded by Logan; each about 5,000 strong. After 
two hours' hard fighting, the rebels were routed, with a 
loss of 70 killed and 185 prisoners; wounded unknown. 
Union loss, 52 killed, 104 wounded. 

Farragut, Commodore D. G., though well known as 
a true man and sailor before, came more prominently 
before the public when he assumed command of the 
naval forces for the capture of New Orleans. The fleet 
under his command at this time was twenty mortar- 
vessels and eight war steamers, besides schooners, store- 
ships, etc., with officers and seamen numbering about 
2,000. The expedition, including Butler's land force, 
left Ship Island April 15, 1862, and on the 17th the 
bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, on the 
Mississippi, below New Orleans, was commenced. A 
furious cannonade was kept up by both parties until 
the 24th, when it was decided to run the gauntlet with 
his fleet. They started early in the morning, and suc- 
ceeded in passing the forts with very little damage. 
They were then attacked by the rebel fleet, and a des- 
perate fight ensued. Thirteen Confederate gun-boats 
and three transports were destroyed, and one Union 
vessel was sunk. The fleet came to anchor within 
twenty miles of New Orleans. Confederate loss, 185 
killed, 197 wounded, and 400 prisoners; Union loss, 30 
killed and 119 wounded. 

On the 28th, Forts Jackson and St. Philip, finding 
themselves surrounded and cut oiF, surrendered to Com- 
modore Porter, commanding the mortar fleet. The city 



88 REBELLION REGISTER. 

of New Orleans was also surrendered to Commodore 
Farragut on the 29th, General Lovell, with 20,000 men, 
haviDg previously evacuated the city, which was turned 
over to General Butler May 1. 

While preparing for the ascent of the river, the offi- 
cers of some British and French men-of-war, lying there, 
made very discouraging representations to him of the 
difficulties to be overcome, and the opposition to be met 
in his undertaking. His reply was worthy the man: 
"You may be right; but I was sent here to make the 
attempt. I came here to reduce or pass the forts, and 
to take New Orleans, and I shall try it on^ 

Almost immediately the fleet was ordered " up the 
river." (The history will be found under the appropri- 
ate headings, Mobile, Vicksburg, Port Hudson, etc.) 

He was appointed Rear-Admiral July 30, 1862, rank- 
ing first on the active list ; and by his achievements won 
the rank of Vice-Admiral (corresponding with Lieu- 
tenant-General in the army), which was conferred upon 
him December 21, 1864. 

Fayette ville, Ark., was captured by General Curtis 
February 23, 1862. The rebels fled, in great confusion, 
across the Boston Mountain; not, however, before 
poisoning a quantity of bread and meat, which was 
eaten by the Federal troops. Forty-two officers and 
men were poisoned, some of whom died. 

Ou July 1-1, the Unionists, 600 strong, under Major 
Miller, attacked the combined rebel forces of Rains, 
Coffee, Hunter, Tracy, and Hawthorne, about 1,600, 
nearly eight miles west of this place, defeating them. 
The enemy's main body was pursued for twelve miles. 

The piace was, on April 18, 1863, attacked by 3,000 
rebels. The garrison numbered about 2,000, many un- 
armed. The rebels were repulsed with considerable 
loss; Union loss, 5 killed and 17 wounded. The place 
was shelled by the rebels November 3, 1861. (See 
Prairie Grove.) 

Fayette ville, Ga., was occupied by Union forces 
under General McCook July 28, 186-1. He destroyed 
six miles of railroad, and all the rebel stores found 
there. 

Fayetteville, N. C, was occupied by General How- 



REBELLION REGISTER, 89 . 

ard's forces, March 10, 1865. They remained there 
until the 14th, when they moved toward Goldsboro. 

Fayetteville, Va., was the scene of an artillery duel 
November 15, 1862, and of a brisk cavalry skirmish Oc- 
tober 22, 1863. 

Pessenden, Wm. P., was called into President Lin- 
coln's cabinet, as Secretary of the Treasury, July 1, 1864. 
He resigned March 6, 1865, and was succeeded by 
Hugh McCulloch, of Indiana. 

Fish, Hon. Hamilton. (See Ames.) 

Fisher's Hill, Va., was, on September 22, 1864, the 
scene of a desperate battle and rebel defeat. Sheridan 
here met the rebel forces under Early. After hard 
fighting nearly all day, the rebels were flanked on both 
sides, and about 5 P. M. charges were made upon their 
center and both flanks. The rebels were routed, with a 
loss of about 1,500 killed and wounded, 2,500 prisoners, 
21 cannon, and a great quantity of small arms. Union 
loss, 700. Sheridan then advanced toward Woodstock. 

Flemington, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish betweea 
the rebels and home-guards, October 6, 1861. Kebels 
defeated. 

Flint Hill, Va., was the scene of a skirmish and 
rebel defeat January 18, 1864. 

Florence, Ala. — Three rebel steamboats were burned 
at this place February 8, 1862. On July 22, a body of 
guerrillas burned the commissary and quartermaster's 
warehouses, and all the cotton, at this place ; they took 
also the steamer Colonna, and robbed and burned her. 
An engagement occurred here May 27, 1863; rebels de- 
feated. The great Union raid into Northern Alabama 
arrived at Florence, November 1. Forrest crossed the 
Tennessee Hiver on flatboats, at this place, October 6, 
1864, thus escaping from Kousseau, while the latter was 
detained by high water at Elk River and Shoal Creek. 

Florida Legislature, on I>ecember 1, 1860, provided for 
holding a State Convention, to consider the question of 
secession, and ordered an election for delegates thereto. 
The Convention met at Tallahasse, January 3, 1861, and 
on the 7th passed an ordinance of secession. (62 v. 7.) 

Florida, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish, and tho 
breaking up of a rebel camp, July 8, 1861. 



90 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Florida, the Anglo-Confederate cruiser, alias *<Oreto," 
ran the blockade, into Mobile, January 13, 1863, and 
four days later captured and destroyed the brig " Estella." 
The authorities of Nassau, N. P., showed their sympa- 
thy with the Confederates by giving the captain (Maffit) 
and officers of this pirate a puhlic reception on January 
31, she having arrived there the day previous. Many 
ships were captured by this crusier, which were bonded 
or destroyed. About the 8th and 10th of July, 1864, 
she made several very daring captures near the coast of 
Delaware. She was captured by the U. S. Steamer 
'' Wachusett," Captain Cillius commanding, at Bahia, 
Brazil. She was, together with 12 officers and 58 men 
of her crew, her papers, records, and valuables, among 
her captures, sent to the United States. Her officers 
and crew were for a time confined at Fort Warren, but 
were released February 1, 1865, when they immediately 
sailed for Halifax. 

Floyd, John B., Secretary of War in Buchanan's 
Cabinet, was, on December 23, 1860, discovered as the 
principal agent in robbing the Indian Trust Fund at 
AYashington. He resigned his seat in the Cabinet on 
the 29th, charging the President, by refusing to with- 
draw Major Anderson, with trying to provoke civil war. 
The real cause, however, was probably his fear of prose- 
cution for robbing the Indian Trust Fund. On Janu- 
ary 30, 1861, the Grand Jury of the District of Colum- 
bia presented charges against him for maladministration 
in office and conspiracy against the Groverument. He 
figured to a considerable extent in the rebellion, and 
died at Abington, Ya., August 27, 1863. 

Floyd's Fork, Ky., was on October 1, 1862, the scene 
of a brisk engagement between the advance of General 
Sill's division and a body of rebel cavalry ; the rebels 
were finally defeated, and pursued several miles. 

Folly Island. (See Charleston.) 

Foote, Andrew H., was, on August 26, 1861, assigned 
to the command of the naval forces on the Western 
waters, then ranking as Captain. He was soon promoted 
to Commodore, and for gallant service was, on July 
16, 1862, promoted to the rank of Rear- Admiral, rank- 
ing fourth on the active list. He relieved Admiral 



REBELLION REGISTER. 91 

Dupont, commanding the forces operating against Cliarles- 
ton, June 3, 1863, and on the 26th of the same month 
died at the Astor House, New York. The history of 
his prominent movements will be found under their 
cip{>!opvi:ite headings. 

Eord's Station, Va., was occupied by Union cavalry, 
under Wilson and Kautz, June 22, 1864. The rail- 
road track, two trains, etc., were destroyed. 

Foreigners. — On July 22, 1862, President Lincoln 
issued an order that foreigners should not be required 
to take the oath of allegiance. 

Forsythe, Mo., was the scene of a brisk engagement 
July 22, 1861. The rebels were defeated and the place 
occupied by Union forces. 

Forsyth, Ga., was occupied by Sherman's cavalry, 
cutting the railroad to Macon, November 18, 1864. 

Fort Anderson, N. C, was, on February 19, 1865, 
evacuated just before dawn, the rebels taking with them 
some light artillery, and all else movable and of value. 
After daylight some Union troops, who were near by, 
went in and hoisted their flag on the ramparts, when 
the firing ceased from the vessels, which had been kept 
up at intervals all night. 10 heavy guns, some ammu- 
nition, and 50 prisoners were taken. Loss in killed 
and wounded small on either side. 

Fort Armstrong, N. C, was taken by the Unionists 
February 21, 1865. 

Fort Barrancas and the United States Navy-yard at 
Pensacola were surrendered to the Florida and Alabama 
State troops January 12, 1861. 

A heavy bombardment between this fort and Fort 
Pickens, held by the Union troops, occurred November 
22 and 23, 1861. 

Fort Brown, Texas, was surrendered by General 
Twiggs to the rebels, February 26, 1861, but was, for 
the time, held by the Unionists under Captain Hill, 
who refused to obey Twiggs's order. It was, on March 
6, actually surrendered, under special agreement. 

Forts Caswell and Johnson, N. C, were taken pos- 
session of by the State authorities January 8, 1861. 

Forts Clark and Hatteras, on the coast of North 
Carolina, were, early in the rebellion, taken possession 



92 REBELLION REGISTER. 

of by the rebels. On August 29, 1861, after a cannon- 
ading of two days, the expedition, under Gleneral Butler 
and Flag-officer Stringham, succeeded in capturing both 
forts, with their garrisons, who surrendered as prisoners 
of war, together with large quantities of commissary 
and ordnance stores, and 765 prisoners and 1,000 stand 
of arms. 

Fort Clincli, Ga., was captured by Commodore Du- 
pont, March 7, 1862. 

Fort Craig, near Yalverde, New Mexico, was, on 
February 21, 1862, the scene of an engagement be- 
tween the rebel forces, under Colonel Steele, and the 
Federals, under Colonel Canby. The battle lasted all 
day, when Colonel Canby was obliged to retreat to the 
fort, with a loss of 62 killed and 162 wounded. 

Fort Darling, on James River, near Richmond, for a 
long time commanded the river, and was the scene of 
frequent engagements. (See Richmond.) 

Fort De Russey, on the Red River, near Alexandria, 
was captured by Admiral Porter, May 5, 1863, but it 
soon after fell into rebel possession, and they set about 
obstructing the river navigation, and, for a time, suc- 
ceeded. Operations were commenced by the Union forces 
for its reduction. On March 14, 186-4, at 4 o'clock, a por- 
tion of General A. J. Smith's troops (the 3d and 9th In- 
diana Batteries) opened on the fort, and one hour later 
General Mower's brigade charged the rifle-pits and 
stormed the works, and in twenty minutes the colors of 
the 58th Indiana were upon the ramparts. Previous to 
Smith's taking the fort, General Dick Taylor endeavored 
to flank him and cut him ofl" from the fort ; then com- 
menced a most extraordinary race between the Union 
and Confederate troops, which resulted, however, in 
Smith arriving at the fort three hours before his oppo- 
nent. During the siege the gun-boat Benton partici- 
pated with great success. 

By the possession of these works, the obstructions in 
Red River, which occupied the rebels five months to 
construct, were rendered entirely useless to them. They 
lost 300 prisoners, 8 guns, a quantity of gunpowder, 
small arms, ammunition, and commissary stores. 

The fort was blown up and abandoned on the 17th. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 93 

Fort Donaldson, on the Cumberland River, was in- 
vested by the Union forces, numbering 40,000 strong, 
under General Grant, February 12, 1862. The rebels 
in and about the fort numbered about 20,000 under 
Floyd, Buckner, and Bushrod R. Johnson, the formei 
being first in command. 

The attack commenced on the 13th by the Union ad- 
vance, under McClernand, driving in the rebel pickets. 
Skirmishing continued all day, but as the gun-boats had 
not arrived, no general engagement took place beyond 
200 shells from the Carondelet thrown into the fort. 

At 2 o'clock on the 14th, the gun-boats moved to the 
attack, and one hour later the St. Louis opened fire. 
The firing was kept up vigorously for an hour and a 
half, the water-batteries being silenced ; but the St. 
Louis having received a " plunging shot " in the pilot- 
house, disabling her wheel, and the other vessels having 
also sufi"ered. Commodore Foote directed the fleet to drop 
down the river, and the contest ceased for the day. 

Early next morning the extreme right of the Union 
line was attacked by a heavy body of the Confederates, 
who attempted to cut their way through. The attack 
was promptly met ; but the reljels, being reinforced, 
were successful in pushing back the Unionists. Being 
reinforced in turn, the Federals drove them back again. 
So the battle wavered during the day, until, in the after- 
noon, an assault at the point of the bayonet was made 
on the left of the line, (rebel right,) which was gallantly 
executed, and night found the Union troops in posses- 
jion of the outer line of fortifications. 

During that night Generals Floyd and Pillow, with 
about 5,000 men, made their escape. Daylight of the 
16th revealed the white flag on the ramparts in token 
of surrender. Union loss, during the three days' fight- 
ing, 446 killed, 1,735 wounded, and 150 prisoners. 
Rebel loss, 237 killed, 1,007 wounded, and 13,300 pris- 
oners, including General Buckner, 3,000 horses, 48 field- 
pieces, 17 heavy guns, 20,000 small arms, and an immense 
amount of stores. 

Two regiments of rebel Tennesseeans, 1,470 men, un- 
aware of the surrender of the fort, and intended as a 



94 REBELLION REGISTER. 

reiDforcement, marclied into it on the 17tli, and were 
added to the list of prisoners. 

The fort was attacked by the rebels August 6. The 
Unionists repulsed them, and following, carae up with 
them on the Clarksviile road, about 7 miles from the 
fort. The rebels were strongly posted in ambush, but 
after half an hour's engagement, were defeated with 
heavy loss. Union loss, 2 killed, 18 wounded. 

On August 25, the rebel Colonel Woodward attacked" 
the fort with 775 men, but was repulsed therefrom by 
Major Hart and four companies of the 71st Ohio; the 
rebels lost 30 killed and wounded ; the garrison did not 
receive a scratch. 

The fort was invested, and an attack made on Feb- 
ruary 3, 1863, by General Wheeler, with between 3,000 
and 4,000 men; but, after a severe fight, lasting till 
night, they were repulsed, with a loss of 200 killed, 500 
wounded, and 50 prisoners. The Unionists lost 12 killed 
and 14 wounded and missing. The garrison had fired 
their last shot as the gun-boats arrived and dispersed 
the rebels. 

Eort Esperawza, commanding Pass Cavallo and the 
defenses of Matagorda Bay, Texas, was captured by 
Unionists, November 30, 1863; this capture cleared the 
entrance to Matagorda Bay, and gave command of Saluria, 
Port Lavacco, Matagorda, and Victoria. 

Fort Fillmore, N. M., was traitorously surrendered 
to the rebels by Major Lyude, August 2, 1861. 

Fort Fishsr, near Wilmington, N. C, was bombarded 
August 23, 1863, but no result achieved. 

A combined land (under General Butler) and naval 
(under Rear-Admiral Porter) force was sent against Fort 
Fisher in December, 1864, and on the 24th the gun-boats 
opened fire and the torpedo boat Louisiana was exploded 
near the fort, without efiect. The land forces did not 
co-operate. The bombardment continued all the next day, 
and, under cover of the fire, a portion of the troops lauded 
and captured the outer fort, but were soon forced to aban- 
don it. The whole force then withdrew, having accom- 
plished nothing. The removal of General Butler, im- 
mediately after, would indicate that he was to blame in the 
matter. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 95 

Ecar-Admiral Porter, having gathered a fleet of 52 
vessels of all classes, 531 guns, sailing in three columns, 
left Beaufort, North Carolina, for Fort Fisher, arriving 
off Half Moon Battery on the night of January 12, 
1865. 

Next morning at dawn the fleet was in line of battle. 
Line No. 1 took position near the beach to land troops, 
and lines Nos. 2 and 3, anchoring just outside the 
reserves, taking charge of the provision vessels. At 8 
A. M., the iron-clads, five in number, got into position 
about 1,000 yards from the fort, and opened fire delib- 
erately ; the troops landed before 3 P. M. Lines Nos. 
1 and 2 went in on the attack at 4 P. M., and bom- 
barded the fort until after dark, when the wooden ves- 
sels were ordered to haul out and anchor. The monitors 
and ironsides kept up firing, at intervals, all night. The 
enemy had ceased to fire before dark, and kept in his 
bomb-proofs ; most of his guns on the sea-front were 
dismounted or destroyed, and the greater portion of the 
fort, at that point, was reduced to a crumbling condi- 
tion. 

Next morning, (the 14th,) all the small gun-boats 
carrying 11 -inch guns, were ordered in to try to dis- 
mount all the guns on the face of the work where the 
assault was to be made by the sailors. The attack lasted 
from 1 P. M. until after dark, and one vessel fired at 
intervals all night. Two thousand sailors were landed 
to assault the sea-face, armed with cutlasses and re- 
volvers, and some with Sharp's rifles. Admiral Porter 
and General Terry spent part of the night in arranging 
and perfecting plans for contest. 

The squadron reached a position for attack in three 
lines, at 11 A. M., and opened fire as soon as anchored; 
the upper batteries were silenced. At three P. M. the 
vessels changed their fire to the upper batteries, and the 
troops and sailors dashed ahead, each trying to gain the 
parapets first. The mariners were to have held the rifle- 
pits, to cover the boarding party of the sailors, which 
they failed to do, so that the head of their column 
received a murderous fire of grape and canister, and 
were forced to retreat, with severe loss; in the mean 
time, the troops were successful on their side. The 



96 REBELLION REGISTER. 

enemy, seeing so large a body of men coming at them 
from tlie sea side, supposed that it was the main attack, 
and concentrated the largest part of their forces at that 
point; but when the rebels were giving three cheers, 
thinking they had gained the day, they received a volley 
in their rear from the troops who had gained the highest 
parapet, who went in on a hand-to-hand fight, and 
gained, in one hour, five or six traverses, which are im- 
mense bomb-proofs; the fighting lasted until 10 P. M. 
The vessels prevented reinforcements reaching the fort 
by throwing shells. Success after success was followed 
up, carrying the whole line of works and batteries, cap- 
turing some 400 prisoners. About 12 o'clock, midnight, 
General Whiting and Colonel Lamb, both wounded, sur- 
rendered with the balance of the garrison, about 1,400 
men, to Captain R. W. Dawson, Assistant Inspector- 
Genera}. The fort was garrisoned by Union troops, ot 
whom 300 were killed on the 16th, by an explosion of 
the magazine. The Union loss, killed, wounded, and 
missing, including the explosion, was about 300 in the 
navy and 900 in the army. So fell the most formidable 
fort ever taken in the world ; and the conquerors pro- 
ceeded to operate against Wilmington. 

Fort Gains. (See Mobile.) 

Fort Gibson, Ark., was on May 20, 1863, the scene 
of a fight between the advance of Price's army, under 
Steele, Cooper, and Mcintosh, and the Union forces 
under Colonel Phillips. The rebels were driven back 
with great loss ; Union loss, 30 killed. 

Fort Gregg, S. C. (See Charleston.) 

Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River, was captured 
by the Union naval forces, under Commodore Foote, on 
February 6, 1862. About 10 o'clock the signal to 
move was given at the rendezvous, nine miles below the 
fort. At 12:30 o'clock Commodore Foote opened fire 
from his fleet, then about one mile below the rebels. 
The fire was replied to by the fort, and severe cannon- 
ading kept up till a quarter before 2 o'clock, when the 
fort surrendered. The fort and prisoners were handed 
over to General Grant, when he arrived, which was 
about an hour afterward. By this surrender the rebels 
lost 19 killed and 8 wounded, twenty guns, seventeen 



REBELLION REGISTER. 97 

mortars, and vast quantities of stores, besides sixty or 
seventy prisoners, (the main body having escaped,) 
among whom was General Tilghman, commanding officer. 
Union loss, 17 killed, 31 wounded. Immediately after 
this capture, operations for the reduction of Fort Don- 
aldson were commenced. 

Fort Hill, near Cairo, 111., was the scene of a brisk 
engagement September 20, 1861. 

Fort Hindman, Ark. (See Arkansas Post.) 

Fort Huger. (See Mobile.) 

Fort Jackson. (See Farragut.) 

Fort Johnson. (See Fort Caswell.) 

Fort Kearney, in Kansas, was taken by the seces- 
sionists February 19 1861, but soon after retaken. 

Fort Kelly, at New Creek, Va., was captured by Gren- 
eral Rosser November 28, 1864. 

Fort Lyon. — Five hundred Indians were killed near 
this place, by Colonel Livingston's force, December 9, 
186-1. 

Fort Macon, N. C, was invested by the Unionists, 
and summoned to surrender March 23, 1862. The bom- 
bardment from the fleet and three batteries commenced 
on the morning of April 25, continuing all day, and 
was renewed next morning, when the fort, at 10 o'clock, 
surrendered. 

Fort McAllister, near Savannah, Gra., was stormed 
by Wagner's division of Sherman's army, at 4:30 o'clock 
A. M., December 13, 1864. After an assault of half an 
hour, the fort and the garrison of 200 men, all the arma- 
ment, stores, etc., were taken. This opened safe commu- 
nication with the fleet and General Sherman's army. 

Fort McRae. (See Fort Pickens.) 

Fort Morgan, at the entrance of Mobile Bay, was 
taken possession of by the State authorities January 4, 
1861. The peculiar course of the channel here, and the 
great strength of the fort, together with the obstructions, 
(sunken hulls, torpedoes, etc.,) enabled the rebels to hold 
the place, and make Mobile one of the great head- 
quarters for blockade-runners. For the capture, etc., see 
Mobile. 

Fort Morgan, at Okracoke, was abandoned by the 
rebels August 30, 1861. 
5 



98 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Fort Moultrie. (See Charleston.) 

Fort Nelson, five miles below Fort Donaldson, was, 
on October 11, 1864, the scene of a brisk and bloody 
engagement between 90 colored troops, under Colonel 
Weaver, and 200 rebels. The rebels were repulsed with 
a loss of 29 killed and wounded. 

Fort Pemberton, at the mouth of the Tallahatchie, 
Miss., was, on March 11, 1863, attacked by the Union 
gun-boat Chillicothe. After exchanging a few rounds 
the gun-boat withdrew. The gun-boat De Kalb came 
up two days later, when the bombardment was renewed 
throughout the day. After several severe contests, the 
gun-boats withdrew and the rebels held their position 
commanding the river until the Federal forces had 
gained the Yazoo, by way of Steele's and Black Bayous 
and Rolling Fork and Sunflower Rivers. 

Fort Pickens, on the end of Santa Rosa Island, at 
the entrance of Pensacola Bay, Fla., was.occupied by 
Lieutenant Slemmer in much the same manner and for 
the same reason that x\nderson took possession of Fort 
Sumter. When the rebels demanded of him the sur- 
render of the fort, he replied : "I have orders from the 
Government to defend this fort, and I shall do so to 
the last extremity." Supplies to the fort were cut off 
by the rebels, March 18, 1861, leaving the garrison of 
about eighty men in a very critical position. The re- 
inforcements brought by the Brooklyn (which was gen- 
erally supposed to be for Fort Sumter) arrived there 
April 12. The rebels, at a very early date in the re- 
bellion, commenced operations for the capture or de- 
struction of the fort, and an attack was expected almost 
any day during the summer. 

On August 31, Colonel Brown, commanding the fort, 
suspecting that the rebels intended sinking the United 
States Dry-dock, in Warrenton Navy-yard, in the chan- 
nel (where it is very narrow) opposite Fort McRae, 
laid plans for its destruction. Awaiting a dark night, 
(it came September 2,) a boat's crew of eleven men, pro- 
vided with combustibles, and three loaded columbiad 
shells, proceeded to the dock, and, luckily for them, 
found it unguarded. The shells they put in the boilers, 
arranged their combustibles, fired the pile, and escaped. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 99 

The dock was soon io flames and the bursting shells 
shivered it to atoms; thus the channel was kept unob- 
structed. 

On the night of September 8, the rebels landed a 
force of about 1,500 men on the island, and about nine 
o'clock surprised the Wilson Zouaves, numbering about 
400 strong. The Unionists were driven in confusion, 
but, being reinforced and reformed, and " knowing the 
ground," the rebels were in turn driven, and, in the 
darkness, suffered heavy loss. Arriving at their boats, 
they found them stuck in the mud, and many were lost 
in the endeavor to get them oflf. The rebel loss is not 
known, but was very heavy, partially from one party 
mistaking friends for foes, and thus killing more than 
the Unionists. Union loss, 14 killed, 30 wounded, 1 
(Major Voges) prisoner. 

On November 22, according to an arrangement with 
the fleet. Fort Pickens opened fire on the rebel steamer 
Time, as she was entering the harbor, which called out 
a return from Forts Barrancas and McRae. The firing 
continued all day, and was vigorously renewed next 
morning. Fort McRae was silenced. Fort Barrancas 
and the navy-yard was much injured. The town of 
Warrington was burned. Union loss, one killed, and six 
wounded ; rebel loss, unknown. The war vessels " Ni- 
agara," and "Richmond" took part in the engagement 
on the first day, but were prevented on the second, on 
account of the lowness of the water. 

A period of comparative quiet now ensued, until Jan- 
uary 1, 1862, when Fort Pickens again opened on the 
rebels, as a " New Year salute." Fort Barrancas was 
breached, and Warrenton burned. Again a time of 
waiting and watching until May 9, when the rebels de- 
stroyed all they could not carry away, and abandoned 
their position. 

Fort Pillow, or Wright, on the Mississippi, 80 miles 
above Memphis, which had for some time been held by 
the rebels, blockading the river, was invested by Com- 
modore Foote's flotilla April 13, 1862. Fire was opened 
next morning, and continued for some days. On the 
15th the rebels cut the levee on the Arkansas side, and 
thus frustrated the erection of Union works, also cans- 



100 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ing immense destruction of property. Not taking the 
fort by assault, the Unionists, on the 17th, commenced 
the siege. 

A desperate naval engagement between eight rebel 
and six tjnion gun-boats took place just above the fort 
May 10. The Confederates lost one of their boats by 
explosion, another by fire, and a third by sinking. The 
five remaining boats took refuge under the guns of the 
fort. Only one of the Union gun-boats was damaged. 

The fort being no longer tenable, was evacuated by 
the rebels on the night of June 4. The Unionists occu- 
pied it next morning, while the fleet proceeded to Mem- 
phis. 

A skirmish occurred near the fort March 16, 1864, be- 
tween a small party of the 12th Tennessee Cavalry and 
some rebels, resulting in the rout of the latter, with 
a loss of about 50 killed and wounded. 

Fort Pillow was attacked on the morning of April 
12, 1864, by 5,000 rebels under General Forrest. 
They assaulted the works for a long time, but made no 
sensible impression, being kept at bay by the gallant 
little fortress. Forrest sent flags of truce, demanding a 
surrender, which was promptly refused ; meanwhile, he 
stealthily disposed his forces to advantage, within stone- 
throw of the works. At 2 P. M. the rebels stormed 
the works and drove the men from their guns down to 
the river. An indiscriminate slaughter was then com- 
menced; black and white, alike, were ruthlessly butch- 
ered. The garrison consisted of 400 of the 13th Ten- 
nessee Cavalry and 200 of the 6th United States Heavy 
Artillery, colored, all under command of Majors Brad- 
ford and Booth. After killing the negroes, the most 
fiendish atrocities were perpetrated; some were found 
horribly mutilated and burned; 5 were buried alive; 
only about 200 of the garrison escaped, by hiding and 
swimming. 53 of the white troops were killed and 100 
wounded; 300 negroes butchered in cold blood. The 
rebels burned every building and blew up a portion of 
the works. They lost only 25 killed and 50 wounded. 
The inhuman wretches killed a number of women and 
children; many of the wounded were burned, and then 
thrown into the river; the inner fort fairly ran with 



REBELLION REGISTER. 101 

blood, Forrest retired just as the steamer Platte Valley 
hove in sight. The survivors hailed this vessel, when 
men were sent ashore to bury the dead and carry off 
some of the wounded. The rebels did not leave until 
they perfected their horrible work. They carried away 
6 guns and all the stores of the garrison; next day 
they visited the scene of their exploits, and bayoneted 
some unfortunates whom they found still alive. Every 
officer commanding colored troops they shot, even after 
they surrendered. Forrest fell back to Brownsville. 

The committee appointed by Congress to investigate 
this horrible affair, reported upon it, and substantiated 
all above stated, and, in some points, even more. 

Fort Powell. (See Mobile.) 

Fort Powhatan, on James River, below Richmond, 
was captured by the Union forces under Admiral Lee, 
July 14, 1863. 

Fort Pulaski. (See Savannah.) 

Fort Scott, Kansas. — On October 6, 1863, General 
Blunt's staff and body-guard were attacked near this 
place by 300 of Quantrell's men, in Federal uniform; 
the escort broke, and 78 out of 100 men were captured 
and afterward killed. General Blunt escaped, and meet- 
ing reinforcements, took command, and started in pur- 
suit of the rebels. 

General Price, on October 25, 1864, was attacked and 
defeated near the fort, losing camp equipage, 20 wagons 
of plunder, 1 gun, and a large number of cattle. He 
was again defeated next day, losing 1,500 prisoners, 
1,000 stand of arms, 10 guns, 200 wagons, etc. Gener- 
als Marmaduke and Cabell, and a number of colonels, 
were among the prisoners. 

Fort Smith, Ark., was taken possession of by the 
State troops, under Senator Borland, April 25, 1861. 
Captain Sturgis made his escape with two companies of 
cavalry, with horses, equipments, and provisions. It 
was held by the Confederates until September 1, 1863, 
when a detachment of General Blunt's army, under 
Colonel Cloud, took possession of it, defeating a rebel 
force of 4,000 men. 

Fort Steedman, near Petersburg, Va., was assaulted 
and captured by the rebels under General Gordon, March 



102 REBELLION REGISTER. 

25, 1865. General McLaughlin and 500 men were taken 
prisoners. The Union troops rallied, and, after a short 
but vigorous contest, the fort was recaptured, with 2,700 
prisoners. 

Fort Sumter. (See Major Anderson, and Charleston.) 

Fort Wagner. (See Charleston.) 

Fort Walker. (See Port Royal.) 

Fort White, at (Georgetown, was captured by Admiral 
Dahlgren February 25, 1865. 

Fort Williams. (See Plymouth, N. C.) 

Fort Wright. (See Fort Pillow.) 

Four Mile Creek, north of the James River, was, on 
July 28, 1864, the scene of a desperate struggle. The 
Union cavalry, under Generals Gregg and Sheridan, was 
attacked by the rebel infantry. Gregg's forces fell back, 
but Sheridan held his own, and, after a vigorous contest, 
defeated the attacking party. Rebel loss, 600 ; Union 
loss, 240. 

Fourteen Mile Creek, near Vick^burg, was the scene 
of a brisk battle May 6, 1863. Rebels defeated. 

Frankfort, Ky. — The Border State Convention met 
at this place June 3, 1861. On June 10, 1864, the 
place was visited by John Morgan, and the garrison 
was demanded to surrender. This demand was refused. 
Some brisk firing took place, when the guerrillas with- 
drew with loss. 

Frankfort, Va. — The rebels were defeated near this 
place November 27, 1863. losing about 100 prisoners. 

Franklin, Major-General, was taken prisoner at Gun- 
powder Bridge, while in a railway train, July 11, 1864. 
He escaped next day, and, after lying concealed in the 
woods two days, arrived at Baltimore. 

Franklin, Ky., was, on October 9, 1863, the scene of 
a cavalry skirmish and rebel defeat. 

Franklin, La., was captured and occupied by the 
Union forces April 15, 1863. 

Franklin, Tenn., was occupied by the Federal troops 
January 31, 1863. A skirmish occurred near the town 
March 4, brought on by Van Dorn's advance. The 
Union array came out to meet the rebels, and drove 
them back six miles. Thirteen rebels killed ; 2 Union- 
bts wounded. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 103 

Van Dorn being reinforced until his force numbered 
18,000 men, two days later, attacked Colonel Coburn's 
force, consisting of three regiments of infantry, 500 
cavalry, and one battery, at Thompson's Station, 10 
miles south of Franklin. The fight lasted all day, when 
the infantry were either killed or captured, their ammu- 
nition being exhausted- The Federal loss was 65 killed, 
250 wounded, and over 1,000 prisoners; the cavalry 
and artillery escaped. Rebel loss, 25 killed and 400 
wounded. The rebels immediately marched into and 
took possession of Franklin. After holding the place a 
few days, Van Dorn left it, retreating toward Shelby- 
ville, when the town was occupied by the Union forces, 
under General Granger. Van Dorn returned, and again 
attacked the place, April 10. After severe fighting for 
two hours, the rebels retreated, leaving their dead on 
the field. Union loss, 100 killed, wounded, and missing; 
rebel loss estimated at 300. 

The Texan rebel legion was captured near this place 
April 27. The Union garrison here was attacked June 
4, by 1,200 rebel cavalry. The rebels were repulsed with 
considerable loss. 

A sharp battle was fought here November 30, 1864. 
Hood attacked at 4 P. M., in a very obstinate charge, 
broke and drove back the first Union line ; in another, 
still bloodier one, broke their second, but was then re- 
pulsed after a sharp hand-to-hand fight. Subsequent 
rebel attacks were altogether in vain, and at 9 P. M., 
the fight was over. Thomas's loss was about 3,000; 
Hood's, at least twice as much, including 13 generals 
killed or wounded. At night Thomas continued his 
retreat to Nashville. 

Frederick City, Md., was occupied by the rebels Sep- 
tember 6, 1862. The citizens made no demonstration 
of enthusiasm. The rebels evacuated the place on the 
12th, upon the arrival of General Burnside, who was 
received with acclamation and the display of Union 
banners. (See Maryland Invasion.) 

Fredericksburg, Md. (See Maryland Invasion.) 

Fredericksburg, Va. — A part of McDowell's forces 
left Warrenton April 17, 1862, and marched upon Fred- 
ericksburg, arriving at Falmouth the same evening. 



104 REBELLION REGISTER. 

A rebel force kere made a slight resistance, but were 
driven across the river, the town being occupied by 
Union forces next day. Fredericksburg, was, the day 
following, occupied by the Federal forces. General 
Burnside's forces occupied the city August 14. He 
evacuated the place August 31, destroying the bridges, 
quartermaster's stores, etc., when the city was immedi- 
ately occupied by the rebels, who in a scare, commenced 
to leave on the 9th, but being informed of the true state 
of affairs remained there. Captain Dahlgren, with a small 
cavalry force, made a daring dash into the city November 
10, and captured two wagon-loads of gray cloth. The 
Confederate loss was 3 killed, several wounded, and 39 
prisoners; Union loss, 1 killed and 4 missing. (See 
Burnside and Hooker.) 

The city was occupied by General Sedgwick May 2, 
1863. He abandoned it on the 4th. 

Fredericksham, Va., was occupied by General Sheri- 
dan's forces March 11, 1865. Early's forces had passed 
through toward Richmond about four hours earlier. 

Fredericktown, Md., was occupied by a rebel force, 
who encamped in the suburbs. The Unionists attacked 
them, breaking up the camp, August 16, 1861. 

Fredericktowiij Mo., being occupied by a large force 
of rebels, under Jeff. Thompson and Lowe, was attacked 
and captured October 21, 1861, by the Federal troops, 
under Colonel Plummer, of Indiana. After a fight of two 
hours, the Confederates fled in disorder, and were pur- 
sued a distance of 22 miles. General Lowe was killed, 
besides 200 others, and a large number wounded. Union 
loss, 6 killed and 40 wounded. 

The town was occupied by Shelby's rebel cavalry Sep- 
tember 24, 1864. 

Freeman's Joiirnal. (See Daily News.) 

Freestone Point Batteries, on the Potomac, were at- 
tacked by the Union forces September 25, 1861, but 
without capturing them. They were destroyed by the 
Union flotilla December 9. 

Free Territory bill was signed by the President June 
20, 1862. 

Fremont, J. C, arrived at Boston from Europe, bring- 
ing a large assortment of Arms for the Government 



REBELLION REGISTER. 105 

June 27, 1861. He had been, while in Europe (May 1), 
appointed Major-General in the regular army, and was, 
on July 9, appointed to the command of the Western 
District, including the States of Illinois, Kentucky, 
Missouri, Kansas, and the territories west of these 
States. 

He arrived at St. Louis and assumed command of his 
department July 25, and immediately commenced to 
unravel the difficulties surrounding him. He declared 
the city under martial law August 14, and on the 31st 
extended it over the State of Missouri, at the same time 
and in the same order declaring as follows : 

" The property real and personal, of all persons in the 
State of Missouri, who shall take up arms against the 
United States, or shall be directly proven to have taken 
active part with- their enemies in the field is declared 
to be confiscated to the public use ; and their slaves, if 
they have any, are hereby declared free men.^' 

With an expedition of 12,500 men, on 15 transports, he 
left St. Louis September 27, and started up the Missouri. 
(See Jeflersou City, Lexington, Wilson's Creek, etc.) 

He was relieved of his command, being succeeded by 
General Hunter, November 2, and on the 26th left St. 
Louis for Washington. General Fremont was assigned 
to the command of the Mountain Department March 11, 
1862, and, at his own request, was relieved June 27. 

On May 31, 1864, the Cleveland Convention (Radical 
Democratic) nominated him as their candidate for Presi- 
dent, upon a platform of which the following were the 
essential points : 

"The restoration of the Union; the suppression of the 
rebellion, without compromise ; a free press ; the habeas 
corpus; abolition of slavery; the Monroe doctrine; one- 
term presidency; confiscation of rebel lands, and their 
division among the soldiers of the array and sailors." 

His acceptance of this nomination cost him much of 
the political power and influence which he had until this 
time held in the Republican party, Many who were 
until that time his warm political friends discarded him. 
He withdrew from the canvass September 21, and, having 
resigned his commission, retired to private life. 

Fremont's Orchard was the scene of a brisk engage- 
5* 



106 REBELLION RECilSTER. 

ment April 12, 1864, in which a party of the 1st Colo- 
rado Cavalry defeated the Cheyennes. 

French Lady, alias a man in woman's clothes, which 
disguise he assumed the better to aid the rebels, with 
his Confederate associates, on the night of June 29, 
1861, captured the steamer St. Nicholas, on the Potomac. 
He was captured by the Baltimore police July 8. 

Front Royal, Va., was the scene of a brisk engage- 
ment May 15, 1862, between the Unionists guarding the 
railroad there and a party of mounted guerrillas. The 
Union party was defeated, with a loss of 1 killed and 
11 wounded. 

Colonel Kenley, commanding the place, was, on May 
23, driven thence by a large force of rebels under 
Ewell ; the Union loss was very heavy. The Unionists 
returned in force, and, driving out the rebels, reoccupied 
the town on the 30th, capturing a large amount of rebel 
stores and a number of wagons. Brisk but undecisive 
skirmishes occurred near this place July 20 and 23, 
1863. 

Fugitive Slave Law was repealed in June, 1864. 
(For particulars, including analytical vote, see Ap- 
pendix.) 

Fulton, Mo., was the scene of a slight skirmish July 
17, 1861. 

Funkstown, Md. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Gadsden, Ala. (See Streight.) 

Gains' s Cross Roads was the scene of a cavalry dash 
on the rebels, but without decided result, November 8, 
1862. 

Gains's Mills, near Richmond, Va., is noted as being 
the scene of many balloon ascensions during the sum- 
mer of 1862. 

The battle of Gains's Mills was fought June 27, 1862. 
The Union forces made a stand here, and were attacked 
by greatly superior forces of the rebels, who attempted, 
by massing them in various places, to break the Federal 
lines, but they were checked in every instance ; until, 
^oally, they broke the Union left wing, when the troops, 
finding themselves outflanked, fell back, but the advance 
of the rebels was checked by the arrival of reinforce- 
ments. Night closed the battle, and the Union troops 



REBELLION REGISTER. 107 

crossed to the south side of the river. Both sides lost 
very heavily. The Union dead were estimated at 300, 
and the wounded were very numerous j the prisoners 
were reported at 4,000. 

The place was occupied by General Sheridan, during 
his raid, May 12, 1864. 

Gainsville, Fla., was surprised and occupied by Cap- 
tain Marshall, with about 50 of the 40th Massachusetts 
regiment, February 14, 1862. He held it over two 
days against a force twice his, repulsing them several 
times. He captured there, and distributed to the peo- 
ple, over $1,500,000 worth of rebel supplies. 

Gallatin, Tenn., was occupied by the Union troops 
under General Buell, February 23, 1862. 

On August 12, the town was surrendered to Morgan's 
guerrillas, who captured four companies of Federals, a 
train loaded with forage, and 60 horses. During the 
night the town was retaken by a force from Nashville, 
under Colonel Miller, 

After a sharp and vigorous contest, the town was sur- 
rendered to the rebels on the 21st. Union loss, 26 
killed, 35 wounded, and 200 prisoners; rebel loss, 13 
killed and 50 wounded. The Federal prisoners were 
released upon parole. Rosecrans occupied the place 
November 8, 1862. 

Galveston, Texas, was startled, August 3, 1861, by a 
few shells from the Union fleet, which was the occasion 
of a protest from the neutral (?) foreign consuls there 
stationed. 

A demand for the surrender of the place was made, 
and refused. May 17, 1862. 

The advance of a fleet, for the capture of the place, 
arrived in the bay September 21, and, on October 4, 
all the forces had arrived, when a demand was made for 
its surrender, allowing four days' time for an answer. 
The place was surrendered and occupied the next day. 
The formal possession and flag-raising occurred on the 
9th. Comparative quiet prevailed until January 1, 
1863. when General Magruder, with 5,000 men and 5 
steamers, made an attack on the city, then defended by 
about 500 men, under Colonel Burrill, and two or 
three steamers. Barricades were erected in the streets. 



108 REBELLION REGISTER. 

After sustaiuiiig an unequal contest for four hours, 
during which they repulsed the rebels several times, 
the Uuiouists were compelled to surrender to over- 
poweriug numbers. The Harriet Lane was captured 
by boarding; 2 officers and 8 men were killed, 10 men 
wounded, and 110 taken prisoners. The Westfield ran 
aground, and was blown up by her commander, to pre- 
vent her capture by the rebels; by a premature explo- 
sion, Commander Renshaw and several officers were 
blown up with the vessel. The rebel loss in the en- 
gagement was very heavy. The rebels captured 30,000 
rifle-cartridges, 5,000 picks, and 500 shovels. 

On the 4th, General Magruder issued his proclama- 
tion, declaring the port open to the commerce of the 
world. The blockading squadron, however, in the bay, 
showed the falsity of the statement. 

Generals Kirby Smith and Magruder surrendered their 
forces at Galveston, June 2, 1865, and the city was oc- 
cupied by the Union forces on the 5th. 

Garrettsbuxg, Ky., was the scene of some severe but 
undecisive fighting November 6, 1862. 

On the 11th, General Ransom overtook the rebel 
General Woodward near this place, and completely 
routed him, and drove the whole force out of Ken- 
tucky. The rebels lost 16 killed, 40 wounded, 25 pris- 
oners, and a large lot of stores, etc. 

Gauley, Va., was attacked by the rebels September 
10, 1862, but without advantage to either party. The 
next day, the Unionists being hard pressed, burned the 
public buildings and all the Government property, and 
evacuated the town, to prevent being surrounded. 

Gauley Bridge, Va., was the scene of an artillery 
fight November 1, 1861. The rebels, under Floyd, at- 
tempted to captured Rosecrans's army, but failed, and 
Floyd only saved himself by flight. He encamped a 
few miles distant, where he remained until the 20th, 
when he made a hasty retreat, burning 300 tents and 
destroying a large amount of equipage. 

General Lyon, a transport steamer, was burned at 
sea, ofl' Hatteras, March 31, 1865. About 500 soldiers 
were lost. 

George Creek, 0. (See John Morgan.) 



REBELLION REGISTER,. 109 

Georgia.— Tl^e Legislature, on November 18, 1860, 
<roted 81,000,000 for the purpose of arming tbe State, 
and ordered an election for delegates to State Convention. 

The Convention assembled at Milledgeville, January 
16, 1861, passed an ordinance of secession, by a vote 
of 208 ayes to 89 nays, on the 19th, and on the 29th 
adjourned, to meet at Savannah upon the call of its 
President. The Convention reassembled at Savannah 
March 7, ratified the Confederate States Constitution 
on the 16th, and adjourned, sine die, on the 23d. 

On February 8, Governor Brown seized five New 
York vessels in Savannah harbor, in retaliation for the 
seizure of arms in New York. The vessels were re- 
leased on the 10th. He again, on the 21st, seized two 
other New York vessels, which were released March 19. 

On April 26 he issued a proclamation prohibiting the 
payment of debts due to Northern men. He called 
out the reserve State militia (from 16 to 55) to aid 
Johnston, July 9, 1864, and on September 14, by proc- 
lamation, withdrew the "Georgia militia," 15,000 strong, 
from Hood's army. 

Georgetown, Mo., was the scene of a brisk skirmish, 
and the capture of a rebel company, April 11, 1861. 

Georgetown, S. C, was captured, without serious re- 
sistance, by Admiral Dahlgren, February 22, 1865. 

Germania Ford, Va., was the scene of a skirmish 
November 18, 1863. 

Germantown, Ky., was the scene of a rebel defeat 
April 10, 1863. 

Germantown, Tenn., was occupied, and the railroad 
destroyed by the rebels, October 11, 1863. 

Germantown, Va., was the scene of a skirmish Jan- 
uary 7, 1862. 

Gettysburg, Penn. — The battle-field at this place was, 
on November 19, 1863, consecrated as a national ceme- 
tery for the Union soldiers who fell in the July battles. 
Edward Everett, President Lincoln, and others, made 
eloquent speeches. (For a history of the battle, see 
Pennsylvaniania Invasion.) 

Gilmore. (See Jaques.) 

Gillmore, General ft. A., left New York June 4, 1863, 
to relieve General Hunter of the command of the Depart- 



110 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ment of the Soutli, and assumed the actual command on 
the 12th. (For the history of his operations during 
1863, see Charleston, S. C.) 

Glasgow. Ky., was captured by the Union forces Sep- 
tember 17, 1862 ; 450 rebels were taken prisoners. The 
town was soon abandoned by the Unionists, and the rebels 
occupied it Christmas day. A band of guerrillas visited 
the place October 3, 1863. A passenger train on the 
Louisville and Nashville Railroad was robbed by Har- 
per's guerrillas, near this place, March 21, 1865. 

Glasgow, Mo., was the scene of a short, sharp struggle 
December 7, 1861. A band of guerrillas, under Cap- 
tain (?) Sweeny, was captured. 

Glendale. (See White Oak Swamp.) 

Gloucester, opposite Yorktown, Va., was shelled by 
the Union forces April 15, 1862, and occupied by them 
May 4. 

Gloucester County, suffered from Union raids April 
7 and May 22, 1863. 

Gloucester Point, Va., was the scene of a skirmish 
April 12, 1863. 

Goldsboro, N. C, was, on December 17, 1862, occupied 
by the Union forces under General Foster, who drove 
out the rebels, burned the railroad bridge, destroyed 
the track, and then returned to Newbern. The city was 
occupied March 21, 1865, by the Union forces under Gene- 
ral Schofield, who there effected a junction with Terry 
and Sherman, when the whole army rested to reelothe 
and refit, before entering upon a new movement in con- 
cert with the armies before Richmond. 

Gonzales, a rebel camp for conscripts in Florida, was 
captured by General Asboth July 20, 1864. 

Goochland, Va., was captured by Union cavalry twice — 
May 3, 1863, and March 11, 1865 — and large quantities 
of rebel stores destroyed each time. 

Gordon, Nathaniel P., convicted as a slave-trader, 
was hung in New York February 21, 1862. This was 
the first execution for this offense under the laws of the 
United States. 

Gordonsville, Va., one of the most important strat- 
egic points between Washington and Richmond, was, 
until a comparatively late period in the rebellion, held 



REBELLION REGfSTER, 111 

by tlie rebels. Sheridan on November 21, 1864, made 
an attempt to capture it, but was forced to retire over 
the North Anna. 

Gosport (Va.) Navy-yard, was, on April 20, 1861, 
with all its contents, destroyed by Commander McCauley, 
to prevent their use by the secessionists. The sloop- 
of-war Cumberland was saved to the Governmeiit. The 
loss to the Government was about $50,000,000. The 
rebels held the place until May 10, 1862, when they 
burned or destroyed all that remained. 

Grafton, Va., was the scene of an engagement Au- 
gust 13. 1861. A company of Unionists surprised and 
drove 200 rebels, killing 21 men. 

Grahamsville, S, C, was the scene of an engagement 
November 30, 1864. 

Grand Coteau, La. — The Union camp at this place 
was attacked November 3, 1863. The Unionists were 
compelled to yield to superior numbers, and were driven 
about a mile, when a new line was formed. Being re- 
inforced, the Unionists advanced again, when the rebels 
fled, first plundering and burning the captured camp. 
The Unionists occupied their old camping-ground. The 
rebel force was 7,000 strong, under Dick Taylor and 
Greene, and lost about 120 killed and wounded, and 200 
prisoners. The Union force was 1,600, under General Bur- 
bridge, and lost 26 killed, 124 wounded, and 566 missing. 

Grand Ecore, La. (See Mansfield, La.) 

Grand Gulf, Miss., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
June 18, 1862. The rebel batteries at this place were 
attacked by the forces under Admiral Farragut, March 
31, 1863, and frequent shelling and bombarding occurred 
from that time until May 3, when the place surrendered 
to the land and naval forces under Grant and Porter ; 500 
prisoners and immense quantities of stores were taken. 
A cavalry engagement, resulting in a rebel defeat, took 
place here July 17, 1864. 

Grand Lake, La., was, on February 14, 1864, the scene 
of a most shocking barbarity ; about 60 well-mounted guer- 
rillas, in Federal uniforms, surprised and brutally murdered 
a company of colored troops, the escort of a foraging party, 
one and one-half miles distant. The foragers afterward 
destroyed the house where the escort was posted. 



112 REBELLION REGISTER. 

On July 26, 1864, an expedition from Brasher City 
arrived at this place, and destroyed a large number of 
new flat-boats, completed, and others building ; also two 
saw-mills, and brought away with them a steamboat-load 
of lumber. This loss was a serious one to the rebels 
as it frustrated their plans of a movement from thence 

Granny White Hills, Tenn., were occupied and forti- 
fied by General Hood, in his retreat, December 13, 1864 

Grant, Ulysses S., was born at Mount Pleasant, Cler- 
mont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822. He had the ad- 
vantage of a common-school education, and early in life 
exhibited energy, industry, and will as prominent char- 
acteristics. He entered West Point Military Academy 
in 1839, from which he graduated — No. 21 in a class of 
38 — June 30, 1843. He entered the regular army as 
Brevet Second -Lieutenant of infantry, attached to the 4th 
Regiment. He soon after joined General Taylor in Texas, 
where he received his full commission as Second-Lieu- 
tenant of infantry, dating September 30, 1845. Imme- 
diately after the battle of Vera Cruz, (March 29, 1847,) 
he was made quartermaster of his regiment. September 
8, 1847, he was promoted to First-Lieutenant for distin- 
guished service at the battle of Molino del K-ey. For gallant 
service atChepultepec he was, the following day, September 
13, 1847, made Brevet Captain, which was made full 
Captain in August, 1853. He resigned his position in 
the army July 31, 1854, and lived upon a farm near St. 
Louis. In 1859 he embarked in the leather business, 
at which he remained until the outbreak of the rebellion. 
He was appointed Commander-in-chief of the Illinois 
forces, as mustering officer. This he resigned to accept 
the Colonelcy of the 21st Illinois Kegiment, his com- 
mission dating June 15, 1861. In the latter part of 
August he was promoted to Brigadier-General, his com- 
mission dating May 17, 1861. He was made Major- 
General of volunteers February 16, 1862. Immediately 
after the fall of Vicksburg, he was appointed Major- 
General in the regular army, his commission dating July 
4, 1863. Then followed the Tennessee and Georgia 
campaign. Upon the successful termination of this 
movement, Congress, without opposition, resolved " to 
provide that a medal be struck for General Grant, and 



REBELLION REGISTER, 113 

that a vote of thanks be given him and the officers of 

his army." 

The bill reviving the grade of Lieutenant-General 
having been introduced, and being slightly amended, 
came up before the House of Representatives on Feb- 
ruary 1, 1864, and debate ensued upon it. Mr. Ross 
submitted an amendment, recommending Major-Greneral 
U. S. Grant for the position of Lieutenant-General. The 
amendment was carried by a vote of 117 to 19, and the 
bill, thus amended, was finally passed, and sent to the 
Senate. The Senate having passed the bill, so far as it 
revived the grade of Lieutenant-General, it became a 
law, and the President nominated General Grant for the 
position. On the 2d of March the nomination was con- 
firmed by the Senate, in Executive Session. 

As soon as General Grant's appointment as Lieutenant- 
General was confirmed in the Senate, he was ordered to 
report at Washington. There he arrived, incognito^ on 
the 8th of March, 1864, in the evening. He went to 
Willard's Hotel, and was quietly eating his dinner, when 
he was recognized, and his health proposed, all the guests 
rising to their feet with cheers. In the evening he was 
obliged to undergo the ordeal of a " reception" at the 
White House. On the afternoon of March 9, Presi- 
dent Lincoln formally presented him with the commis- 
sion as Lieutenant-General, addressing him as follows : 

" General Grant : The nation's appreciation of what 
you have done, and its reliance upon you for what still 
remains to be accomplished in the existing great strug- 
gle, are now presented with this commission, constituting 
you Lieutenant-General in the army of the United States. 
With this high honor devolves upon you, also, a corre- 
sponding responsibility. As the country here trusts you, 
so, under God, it will sustain you. I scarcely need to 
add, that with what I here speak for the nation, goes 
my own hearty personal concurrence." 

General Grant replied — a long speech for him — as 
follows : 

" Mr. President : I accept the commission with 
gratitude, for the high honor conferred. With the aid 
of the noble armies that have fought on so many fields 
for our common country, it will be my earnest endeavoff 



114 REBELLION REGISTER. 

not to disappoint your expectation. I feel the full 
weight of the responsibilities now devolving upon me, 
and I know that if they are met, it will be due to those 
armies, and, above all, to the favor of that Providence 
which leads both nations and men." 

Greneral Grant was assigned to the command of the 
armies of the United States March 12, which position 
he immediately assumed. His superior rank set at rest 
all questions of precedence, while his achievements in- 
spired both officers and men with that confidence which 
ever is the presage of victory. A few quiet changes 
were made in division and corps commanders ; tried and 
accomplished men were placed in positions of trust; 
reorganization and consolidation followed, and. by May 
1, the country was astonished with the intelligence that 
once more, the "on to Richmond " campaign was to open. 

May 11, the Lieutenant-General telegraphed his 
gradual advance, and added, with his characteristic sin- 
cerity : 

" / propose to fight it out on this line^ if it takes all 
summer y 

Struggle after struggle rapidly followed ; blood dyed 
every stream flowing to the east, and crimsoned almost 
every hill-top from Spottsylvania to Hanover. May 29, 
Grant forced the passage of the Pamunky. On the 
30th, Lee attacked his foe with desperate fury, to re- 
tain the line of the Chickahominy. But slowly the tide 
rolled southward, each day entered on the crimson cal- 
endar with a bloody signet. Every art of war, every 
resource of valor availed nothing; Lee was pressed back, 
until, by a master movement across the James, June 
14, Grant placed Richmond and Petersburg under a state 
of siege. 

From that moment up to the momentous first week 
of April, the generalship of the two commanders was 
the chief point of interest. Lee's policy evidently was 
to worry out his foe as McClellan was discomfited ; 
Grant's aim seemed solely to hold his own until those 
wonderful combinations which he had inaugurated were 
complete, for the capture not only of the rebel capital, 
but of the entire insurgent force. It is fair to assume 
that the world never witnessed a more truly Titanic 



REBELLION REGISTER. 115 

labor, or a more skillfully-wrought campaign. Although 
every event is yet fresh in our minds, we can even now 
perceive, in the sublime patience of the man, that rare 
quality of greatness which is equal to all emergencies, 
iud master of events. When the discerning mind comes 
to investigate the processes of Grant's procedure — to 
understand the relations of all his correlative movements 
which Sherman, Thomas, Sheridan, Foster, Terry, Scho- 
field, and Gillmore executed — it will not fail to pronounce 
our subject the greatest captain which modern times 
has produced. 

Grant's Pass. (See Mobile.) 

Gravelly Run, Va., was reached December 9, 1864, 
by the Union forces under General Miles, who bivouacked 
there for the night. (See General Grant's Report.) 

Graw. (See Corbin.) 

Great Bethel. (See Big Bethel.) 

Greek Fire. (See Charleston.) 

Greenbrier, Va. — October 3, 1861, General Reynolds 
made a reconnoisance in force from his position at Cheat 
Mountain, and met the Confederate forces, under General 
Lee, at Greenbrier. After a fight of an hour the Con- 
federates were driven from the ground, with the loss of 
300 killed and wounded, and 13 prisoners. The Union 
loss was 8 killed and 32 wounded. 

Greencastle, Penn. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Greenland Gap, Va., was the scene of a rebel defeat 
April 25, 1863. 

Green Hill, Tenn. — The rebel camp at this place was 
broken up March 6, 1863. The Unionists abandoning 
the place, it was occupied by rebels, who were again, 
April 6, dispersed, with a loss of 5 killed and 15 pris- 
oners. 

Green River Bridge, Ky., was the scene of skirmishes 
on October 15 and December 12, 1861, and on July 4, 
1863; the two former undecided; the latter resulted in the 
defeat of the guerrilla Morgan. 

Greensboro, 84 miles west of Augusta, Ga., was 
occupied by Sherman's left wing November 20, 1864. 

This was one of the halting places for Jeff. Davis 
and escort, after their flight from Richmond. 

The arms and military effects of General Johnston's 



116 REBELLION REGISTER. 

army were formally transferred to the United States 
authorities, at this place, April 29, and the paroling of 
the troops commenced there next day. 

Greenville, Miss., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
and Union repulse, in which one Federal major was 
killed, February 23, 1863. 

Greenville, Mo., was the scene of a brisk but unde- 
cisive skirmish October 25, 1862. 

Greenville, Tenn., was, on September 4, 1864, the 
scene of a battle between the Union forces under Gen- 
eral Gillam, and the guerrilla chief John Morgan. Mor- 
gan was killed, his staff captured, and his forces badly 
cut up and routed. 

Greenwich, Va., was, on May 30, 1863, the scene of 
a short skirmish, in which a gang of Mosby's cavalry 
were defeated. Loss light on both sides. 

Grenada, Miss. — General Hurlbut, learning that the 
rebels had collected a great quantity of stores at Gre- 
nada, resolved to destroy them. Accordingly, on the 
13th of August, 1863, a force, under Lieutenant-Colonel 
Phillips, of the 9th Illinois, left La Grange, Tenn., and 
reached Grenada on the 17th. The rebels, 2,000 strong, 
with 3 pieces of artillery, under General Skinner, were 
driven from the town. He destroyed 57 locomotives, and 
over 400 cars, depot buildings, machine-shops, and a 
large quantity of ordnance and commissary stores. 

Greytown, Mo., was occupied by Union troops, who 
captured 25 rebels, August 29, 1861. 

Grierson's Raid, through Mississippi, consisting of a 
newly-organized division of cavalry, commanded by 
Colonel Grierson, set out from La Grange, Tenn., April 
17, 1863, reached Ripley, Miss,, the next day, capturing 
a rebel camp and dispersing a small rebel force at Pon- 
tatoc on the 19th. The 21st he destroyed a tannery, 
and a large quantity of leather, saddles, harness, etc., 
intended for the rebels. A detachment from his com- 
mand, on the 22d, captured Mayhew, 12 miles from 
Columbus, Miss., and tore up 20 miles of the Central 
Mississippi Railroad. His main force, on the 23d, reached 
Philadelphia, Miss., after a fatiguing and perilous march 
through swamps and rivers from Starkville. He reached 
Newton Mills on the 24th. At this place he destroyed 



REBELLION REGISTER. 117 

38 car-loads of quartermaster and commissary stores. 
About this date, Central Mississippi was in a great 
excitement over " Grierson's Cavalry Raid," and great 
efforts were made to "head him off." The next day 
he reached a point seven miles west of Montrose, burn- 
ing and destroying the bridges and trestle-work of the 
railroads on his route; and on the 26th his advance, 
under Colonel Prince, captured and destroyed a train of 
40 cars, loaded with all kinds of military stores, at Hazel- 
hurst, his main force arriving there the next day, and 
immediately set out for Bahala. On the route there, a 
large portion of the N. 0., J. and G. N. Railroad was 
destroyed, together with a great amount of other prop- 
erty, inflicting great damage on the rebels. On the 27th 
he entered Brookhaven, where he captured and paroled 
200 prisoners, and destroyed a large camp of instruction, 
with its equipage; he then moved along the railroad to 
Bogue Chitto Station, destroying the track, bridges, and 
cars on the route. At Wassita, on the Tickfau, they 
had an engagement with a regiment of cavalry, who 
were put to flight, with a considerable loss in killed and 
wounded. At Edwards's Depot they dispersed another 
regiment, and then cut their way through a regiment 
of infantry drawn up to check their advance, and rode 
off in the direction of Baton Rouge. Continuing his 
course, on May 2 he and his brave command arrived at 
Baton Rouge amid great enthusiasm, having traveled 
over 800 miles in the heart of rebeldom, fought and 
dispersed the rebels wherever they met them, and cap- 
tured 1,000 prisoners, 1,200 horses, and destroyed over 
$4,000,000 worth of property. 

GrimbaU's. (See Charleston.) 

Griswoldsville, Ga., was the scene of slight skirmishes 
on November 20 and 23, 1864; loss small in each case. 

Ground Squirrel Bridge, Va., was taken and held by 
General Sheridan on March 14, 1865, after a brisk en- 
gagement with Early. Early was so badly defeated 
that he jumped from his horse and ran into the woods 
with only one orderly as company, and made his escape 
by aid of the darkness. 

Grovetown, Va. (See Bull Run.) 

Guerrillas were, by the United States Circuit Court, at 



118 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Louisville, Ky., declared to be common enemies, and 
hence carriers could not at law recover goods stolen by 
such parties. They were recognized as a part of the 
Confederate army by the Richmond authorities, July 
16, 1862. (See John Morgan and Sue Muuday.) 

Gum Swamp, N. C, was the scene of a battle, com- 
menced on May 22, 1863, and renewed next morning, 
about noon. The rebels were driven from their in- 
trenchments, and the works destroyed; 195 prisoners, 1 
gun, and 50 horses and mules were captured ; 7 rebels 
were wounded ; 1 Unionist killed and 7 wounded. 

Guntown, Miss. — About June 10, 1864, a battle oc- 
curred near this place. The Union force was 3,000 
cavalry and 5,000 infantry, with 18 pieces of artillery, 
under General Sturgis. With an equal force, Forrest, 
Roddy, and Lee suddenly attacked and thoroughly de- 
feated them, capturing nearly or quite all the artillery 
and ammunition, and the entire wagon train. The 
Union loss in men was reported at more than a thou- 
sand. 

Guyandotte, Ya., on the Ohio River, near the Ken- 
tucky line, was, on November 10, 1861, captured by a 
force of rebel cavalry under Colonel Jenkins, who took 
over one hundred prisoners. Every Union soldier who 
made the least resistance was killed. The rebel force, 
who had been for some time carrying on a guerrilla 
warftire, left next morning, taking with them all the 
plunder they could carry. Colonel Zeigler, of the 5th 
(loyal) Virginia, who arrived next morning, ordered the 
houses of the leading secessionists to be burned, on the 
assumption that they had furnished the information 
which rendered safe and successful the guerrilla raid of 
the rebels. The leading citizens being mostly secession- 
ists, the town was mainly consumed. 

Habeas Corpus. — The first refusal to obey this writ, 
after the opening of the rebellion, was by General Cad- 
wallader. May 27, 1861, on a writ issued in the case of 
John Merryman, confined in Fort McHenry. President 
Lincoln suspended the writ in the District of Columbia 
October 24, 1861. 

On August 8, 1862, the Secretary of War issued an 
order to prevent the evasion of military duty, and su3- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 119 

pending the writ of habeas corpus in respect to all per- 
sons arrested and detained under its provisions; also 
for the arrest and imprisonment of persons who, by 
act, speech, or writing, discourage volunteer enlistments, 
etc. 

President Lincoln, October 24, 1862, issued a proc- 
lamation suspending the writ of habeas corpus in re- 
spect to all persons arrested and imprisoned in any fort, 
camp, arsenal, military prison, or other place, by any 
military authority, or by sentence of court-martial, etc. 

An act relating to habeas corpus, and regulating judi- 
cial proceedings in connection therewith, was approved 
March 3, 1863. The following is a synopsis of the 
bill: 

"When the President deems it necessary, and re- 
quired for public safety, during the present rebellion, 
he is authorized to suspend the privilege of the writ of 
habeas corpus in any case throughout the United States, 
or any part thereof. And whenever suspended, upon the 
certificate, under oath, of the officer having charge of any 
one detained, that such person is detained by him as a 
prisoner under authority of the President, further pro- 
ceedings under the writ shall be suspended. Govern- 
ment is to furnish Federal judges the names of all per 
sons, citizens of States in which the administration of 
the laws has continued unimpaired in Federal courts, 
who are or may be state or political prisoners. Should 
no indictment be found against such person by a grand 
jury, the judge shall have him brought before the court 
for discharge, should such prisoner desire it, and any 
officer refusing to obey the judge is guilty of misde- 
meanor; but no person shall be discharged without hav- 
ing taken an oath of allegiance ; and the court, at 
discretion, may compel the prisoner to give bonds. 
Prisoners indicted may be bailed if the offense be bail- 
able. Any order of the President, or under his author- 
ity, made during the present rebellion, shall be a de- 
fense, in all courts, to any action or prosecution, civil 
or criminal, pending or to be commenced, for any 
search, seizure, arrest, or imprisonment, made, done, or 
committed, or acts omitted to be done, under and by 
virtue of such order, or under color of any law of Con- 



120 EEBELLION REGISTER. 

gress, and such defense may be made by special plea, or 
under the general issue. The act provides for the re- 
moval of actions against officers for torts in arrest, to 
the United States Circuit Courts, whereon the State 
courts can go no further ; if final judgment has been 
given in a State court, the case goes to the United 
States court on appeal, and is tried as if originally 
begun there. Such appeals are not allowed in criminal 
cases when judgment has been given for the defendant. 
Appealed cases may be carried to the Supreme Court. 
No party shall be debarred by this act until two years 
after its passage; suits must be brought within that 
period." 

Hagerstown, Md., was occupied by the rebels Sep- 
tember 11, 1862. (See Pennsylvania Invasion and 
Maryland Invasion.) 

Haines's Bluff, Ark. (See Vicksburg.) 

Half Mountain, Ky.— On April 14, 1864, 400 men 
of the 14th and 20th Kentucky, surprised a rebel camp 
at Half Mountain, on Licking River, Ky., and defeated 
them, capturing 70 prisoners, 200 horses, 300 stand of 
arms, and a wagon train ; 85 of the rebels were killed 
and wounded. 

Halleck, General H. W., assumed command of the 
Department of the West November 10, 1861, and on the 
19th assumed command. of the Department of Missouri. 
On December 5, he issued an order for the arrest of 
every man found in arms against the Union in Missouri, 
those found guilty of aiding the rebels to be shot. 

General Halleck was assigned to the command of the 
Army of the Mississippi March 11, 1862, and two days 
later assumed that position with head-quarters at St. Louis. 
He left that place April 9, and assumed command in the 
field at Pittsburg Landing on the 11th. He was ap- 
pointed General-in-chief of the Armies of the United 
States July 11, took leave of the Army of the Missis- 
sippi on the 16th, left St. Louis on the 20th, and arrived 
at Washington for duty on the 22d. A very character- 
istic correspondence occurred between Grenerals Halleck 
and McClellan August 29 and 30. The point was Hal- 
leck advising, urging, and finally ordering a movement, 
and McClellan giving reasons for not moving, and finally 



REBELLION REGISTER. 121 

refusing to move, or rather not moving without refusing. 
Again, on October 1, General Halleck urged Greneral 
McClellan to cross the Potomac, and on the 6th per- 
emptorily ordered him " to cross the Potomac, and give 
battle to the enemy or drive him south. Your army 
must move now, while the roads are good." 

General Halleck 's order thanking Rosecrans and his 
army for their gallant conduct and victory over the 
rebels at Murfreesboro, Tenn., was issued January 9, 
1863. His military history will be found under the 
appropriate headings. 

Halltown, Va., was occupied by the Union troops 
October 28, 1862. 

Hamburg, S. C, was occupied, and the railroad there 
destroyed, by Union troops, February 7, 1865. 

Hamburg, Tenn., was occupied and destroyed by the 
Union forces April 29, 1863. 

Hamilton, N. C, was occupied by the 9th New York 
Zouaves July 9, 1862. The rebel batteries were cap- 
tured and their forces routed ; two or three steamers and 
schooners, with supplies, fell into the hands of the Fed- 
erals. The rebels left 30 or 40 dead on the field; the 
Unionists lost 2 killed and 8 or 10 wounded. 

Hammond, Surgeon-General, of the United States 
Army, was charged with gross violation of duty, and a 
court-martial ordered for his trial January 8, 1864. He 
was dishonorably dismissed the service August 4. 

Hammond Station, La., was attacked, and the rail- 
road bridge there destroyed by Union forces, May 12, 
1863, and the place captured and occupied two days 
later. 

Hampton, Va. — A reconnoisance from Fortress Mon- 
roe to this place, was made May 23, 1861. The rebels 
attacked the Unionists, and attempted to cut them off 
by destroying an important bridge. The town was 
nearly all destroyed by a party of Confederate troops, 
under General Magruder, on August 7. The advance 
of General McClellan's army, on its way to Richmond, 
occupied this place August 17, 1862. 

Hampton Koads, at the mouth of James River, Va., 
was, during the war, the scene of many important events. 
Here it was that the first trial of iron-clads or monitors 



122 REBELLION REQISTER. 

took place. The rebel steamer " Merrimac," or " Yir- 
ginia," accompanied by four or five gun-boats, came out 
from Norfolk, and on March 8, 1862, attacked the Union 
fleet. The " Merrimac " steamed directly for the United 
States frigates Cumberland and Congress. The fire from 
the Cumberland had no efi"ect on her adversary. She 
Tfas struck amidships by the ram, and her sides laid 
open. She immediately sunk. The ram started for the 
Congress, which surrendered, and was burned. The 
Minnesota, in endeavoring to escape the ram, got 
aground, and the gun-boats " Oregon " and " Zouave," 
were badly damaged. The rebel ships returned to 
Elizabeth River. 

The rebel steamers again appeared the next morning, 
to continue operations. The United States iron-clad 
battery "Monitor," had arrived from New York, at 10 
o'clock the previous evening, and was immediately sent 
to aid the Minnesota. The fight between these two 
iron-clads was a terrific one, and lasted nearly four 
hours, the two vessels touching each other part of the 
time. The " Merrimac " at last gave up the contest, 
badly damaged, and so much disabled as to require the 
aid of tugs to get her away. The " Monitor " was unin- 
jured. As the first encounter of iron-clad vessels, this 
contest created much interest with maritime nations. 

Hancock, Md., was shelled by the rebels from the 
opposite side of the Potomac, January 5, 1862. They 
were driven off", however, by the Union artillery. (See 
Pennsylvania Invasion and Maryland Invasion.) 
Hanover, Penn. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 
Hanover, Va. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 
Hanover C. H., Va., was captured by the Union 
forces under Fitz John Porter, after defeating the 
rebels, who lost 100 killed and 500 prisoners, May 27, 
1862, The place was again captured by the Union cav- 
alry May 3, 1863. 

Hanovertown, Va. (See Grant's Report.) 
Hardy County, Va. — The Unionists in this county 
were defeated, with a loss of about 40 men, January 5, 
1863. 

Harper's Ferry, Va. — Lieutenant Roger Jones, of 
the United States Army, destroyed the Government 



REBELLION REGISTER. 123 

buildings at Harper's Ferry, and their contents, to pre- 
vent their falling into the hands of the Confederate 
forces, April 18, 1861. 

This important point was soon occupied by the rebels, 
who, by the middle of May, had it fortified, and on the 
19th received reinforcements to help hold it. The 
Unionists made a demonstration against it May 29, and 
the rebels left it, retiring toward 5lartinsburg, but soon 
returned and reoccupied it. On June 14, however, they 
evacuated the place, destroyed the railroad bridge, and 
took the armory machinery to Richmond. Skirmishes 
occurred at this point, across the river, July 4. 

On July 28 the rebels made an attack upon Harper's 
Ferry, and General Banks, who had assumed command 
on the 25th, withdrew his forces to the Maryland side 
of the Potomac. The rebels occupied the place three 
days, when they retired toward Leesburg, August 1. 
An artillery duel was fought here, without injury to 
either party, November 29. On February 7, 1862, 
twelve houses, including three hotels, the railroad de- 
pots, etc., were fired by Colonel Geary, for harboring 
rebel murderers, who used a fiag of truce to cover their 
designs. The place was occupied by General Banks oa 
the 24th, who, after some skirmishing, crossed the Po- 
tomac. The rebels invested the place September 12y 
and continued the fight until the 14th, when they gained 
possession of Maryland and Louden Heights. The 
Union cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Davis, of the 
12th Illinois Cavalry, cut their way out, and arrived at 
Greencastle, Peun., capturing 100 prisoners and General 
Longstreet's wagon train. The attack was renewed next 
morning, and the place surrendered to Stonewall Jack- 
son ; 80 Federals (including Colonel Miles) had been 
killed, 120 wounded, while 10,500 surrendered ; 47 
pieces of artillery and a vast amount of stores were 
captured by the rebels. The rebel loss in this fight was 
not known. The rebels held the place four days, when, 
after burning all the Government property, they retired 
southward. An immense quantity of quartermaster and 
commissary stores was burned in a great fire which 
occurred here October 29. (See Maryland Invasion,) 

Harris, Benjamin G. (See Alexander Long.) 



124 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Harrison, 12 miles from Chattanooga, Tenn., was 
attacked by the rebels, December 3, 1863. The rebels 
were repulsed. 

Harrisonburg, Va., was the scene of a brisk skirmish 
May (3, 1862. The place was captured by the Union 
troops under General Fremont, after driving the rebels, 
who lost their camp equipage, stores, etc., June 6. Sher- 
idan also captured the place September 25, 1864. 

Harrison's Landing, on James River, was occupied 
by Union troops, who were fired upon by the rebels, 
from their batteries on the opposite side of the river, on 
the night of August 1, 1862. The fire was returned, 
and before morning their batteries silenced. Union loss, 
6 killed and 8 wounded. General McClellan, in his ad- 
vance, left this place on the 16th. 

Harrisonville, Mo., was the scene of a four hours* 
skirmish July 18, 1861. 

Harrodsburg, Ky., was occupied by the rebels, under 
General Bragg, October 9, 1862. 

Hartford, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish May 25, 
1863. 

Hartsville, Ky., was the scene of an engagement be- 
tween a Union force and the rebel General Morgan 
December 7, 1862. Union loss, 55 killed, and the 104th 
Illinois, 106th and 108th Ohio, and part of the 2d In- 
diana Cavalry taken prisoners. 

Hartsville, Mo., was the scene of an undecisive skir- 
mish January 11, 1863. 

Hartwood, Va., was occupied by a large body of 
rebel cavalry, who crossed the Potomac near that point, 
and made a descent upon two companies of the 3d 
Pennsylvania Cavalry, capturing nearly the whole force, 
November 28, 1862. 

Harvest Moon, Admiral Dahlgren's flag-ship, was 
blown up by a torpedo, on his return from Georgetown, 
March 1, 1865. One man was killed and a few slightly 
wounded. The vessel was sunk. 

Harwood Church, Va., was the scene of a cavalry 
fight February 25, 1863. The rebels were repulsed, with 
a loss of many killed and 200 prisoners, when they re- 
treated across Kelley's Ford. Union loss, 40 killed 
and wounded. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 125 

Hatchie Eiver. — On October 5, 1862, (renerals Ord 
and Hurlbut overtook the retreating rebels from Corinth 
at the Hatchie River, where they made a stand. After 
seven hours' hard fighting, the rebels fled in great dis- 
order, leaving their dead and wounded, and 400 prisoners. 
Nearly 1,000 stand of arms were taken here. The 
Union loss, 500 killed and wounded. 

Hatteras Inlet. — On August 28, 1861, after a can- 
nonading of two days, the expedition, under General 
Butler and Flag-officer Stringham, succeeded in cap- 
turing Forts Clark and Hatteras, with their garrisons-, 
who surrendered as prisoners of war. 

The advance of Burnside's expedition, after encoun- 
tering heavy gales, arrived at this place January 17, 1862. 
(See Chickamacomico.) 

Hawk's Nest, in the Kanawha Valley, Va., being bar- 
ricaded and occupied by the 11th Ohio Regiment, was, 
on August 20, 1861, attacked by a Confederate force 
4,000 strong. The rebels were driven back, with heavy 
loss. 

Haysville, Va., was the scene of an engagement July 
1, 1861. 

Hazel Run, Va., was the scene of a cavalry skirmish 
November 8, 1863. 

Helena, Ark., was reached by General Curtis's advance, 
under General Washburn, after a forced march of 65 
miles in a day and night, July 12, 1862. A combined 
naval and military force, under General Curtis and Com- 
modore Davis, after an extensive raid, returned to this 
point August 26. The expedition captured the rebel 
transport steamer "Fair Play," containing 1,200 Enfield 
rifles, 4,000 muskets, a large quantity of ammunition, 
four field-guns, etc. Colonel Woods captured one rebel 
encampment with all their arms, etc., and another with 
tents, baggage, and provisions. The expedition pro- 
ceeded up the Yazoo River, where it captured a battery 
of four guns, with 7,000 pounds of- powder, and 1,000 
rounds of shot, shell, and grape. 

Fifteen Union couriers were captured near this place 
January 15, 1863. 

A skirmish occurred here April 20, and on July 4 
Generals Holmes, Price, and Marmaduke, with 8,000 or 



126 REBELLION REGISTER. 

10,000 rebels, attacked the Union forces at this place. 
The battle lasted from 4 to 10 A. M., and was very 
severe. The rebel loss was estimated at 1,500 killed and 
wounded, 1,130 prisoners, and 2 pieces of artillery; 
Federal loss, about 230 wounded. 

Henderson, Ky., was attacked by a force of 400 Con- 
federate troops July 21, 1864. They were repulsed. 

Henderson Hill, near Nachitoches, La., was the scene 
of a brisk engagement March 21, 1864, in which the 
rebels were whipped, losing 4 pieces of artillery and 270 
prisoners, after a spirited engagement. General Mower 
flanked them, got in their rear, and compelled a retreat. 

Hernando, Miss., was the scene of cavalry skirmish- 
ing April 19, 1863, and of a Union defeat June 18. 

Herold, Payne, Atzerodt, and Mrs. Surratt, condemned 
as conspirators with and accomplices of Booth, the assas- 
sin, were executed July 7, 1865. 

Hickman, Ky., was attacked by rebels, who were re- 
pulsed, July 16, 1863. 

Hickory Hill, S. C, was occupied by the commands 
of Slocum and Howard, who here formed a junction, 
February 3, 1865. 

Hicksford, Va., was unsuccessfully attacked by the 
Union forces under Warren December 9, 1864. Failing 
in their attack on the town, they destroyed about 12 
miles of railroad. 

Hillsboro, Miss., was occupied by Sherman's forces 
March 9, 1864, the rebels retiring toward Meridian. 

Hilton Head, S. C. — Expeditions from this place left 
on October 1 and 21, 1862. The rebels made a raid, 
resulting in damage to the Unionists, March 12, 1863. 

Hindman, Fort. (See Arkansas Post.) 

Holly Springs, Miss., was occupied by Sherman's 
forces June 20, 1862. The rebels had previously re- 
moved their armory to Atlanta, Georgia. The Unionists 
soon gave up the place, and the rebels held it until 
November 13, when it was occupied by General Grant's 
advance. On December 20, Van Dorn's cavalry captured 
the place, with 1,500 prisoners, whom they paroled; they 
destroyed about $6,000,000 of property, of which SI, 000,- 
000 was cotton. They burned a new hospital, contain- 
ing 2,000 bunks, and attempted to destroy the general 



REBELLION REGISTER. 127 

hospital, by piling ordnance stores against it and firing 
them ; 20 men were wounded by the exploding shells. 
The town was nearly destroyed. They held it but a short 
time. They made a raid upon it January 12, 1863, but 
without advantage to either party. 

Holmes County, Ohio, was the scene of a riotous 
resistance of the enrollment in June, 1863. The resist- 
ants assembled to the number of nearly 3,000, on the 
Black Hills, in the western part of the county, but a 
company of troops quickly dispersed them on the 17th. 
Several were killed and wounded. 

Holston, Tenn. — Longstreet crossed the Tennessee at 
Loudon, and advanced against Burnside, at Holston, who 
fell back to Lenoir's, toward Knoxville ; considerable 
skirmishing all day. Losses, about 250 on each side. 

Holt, Joseph, of Kentucky, was appointed Secretary 
of War in Buchanan's Cabinet January 17, 1861, and on 
February 18 wrote his noble patriotic letter which en- 
couraged so many in the then dark hours. 

Honey Springs, Ark.— General Blunt, with 2,500 men 
and 2 batteries, attacked and defeated 6,000 rebels and 
4 pieces of artillery, under Cooper, at this place, July 15, 
1863. The fight lasted from 9:30 A. M. to 1:45 P. M., 
when the rebels retreated, contesting the ground. Their 
loss was fully 300 men ; Union loss, 50. 400 stand of 
arms and one 12-pouud howitzer were captured. 

Hooker, Joseph, was confirmed as Brigadier-General 
in the United States service August 3, 1861, and by his 
daring and soldierly qualities, soon earned and received 
the name of " Fighting Joe," by which appellation the 
boys in blue loved to call him. He was soon made a 
Major-General and given an important position. When 
Burnside, at his own request, was, on January 26, 1863, 
relieved of the command of the Army of the Potomac, 
General Hooker was appointed as his successor, and as- 
sumed the place next day. Having, in consultations with 
the authorities at Washington, determined upon the plan, 
he on the 29th reorganized the Army into grand divi- 
sions. His campaign against Fredericksburg was com- 
menced April 27, by sending out cavalry scouting 
expeditions from Fairfax Court-house, and Warrenton 
Junction. On the 29th his forces commenced crossing 



128 REBELLION REGISTER. 

the Rappahannock ; the rebel pickets were surprised, and 
400 prisoners captured ; 20 men were wounded in the 
TnciUe. The left wing, 35,000 strong, crossed four miles 
below Fredericksburg, engaged the rebels 12 hours, and 
drove them out of their rifle-pits and a distance of eight ' 
miles. 

On June 28, General Hooker was succeeded by Gen- 
eral Meade. He was subsequently transferred to Sherman's 
Army. In the fall of 1865 he was stricken with palsy, 
rendering nearly one half of his body useless. (See 
Chancellorsville, Lookout Mountain, Shell Mound, etc.) 

Hoovers Gap, Tenn., was the scene of a severe skir- 
mish between the rebels and General Roseorans's forces 
June 24, 1863; the rebels were defeated. 

Hopefield, Ark., opposite Memphis, was destroyed 
under orders from General Hurlbut, February 19, 1863, 
for harboring guerrillas, who had been firing upon and 
capturing transport vessels. 

Horse Shoe Bend, Tenn., was the scene of a heavy 
skirmish, and a brilliant Union Victory, May 9, 1863. 

Houston, Texas County, Mo., was taken posession of 
November 4, 1861, by Federal forces, under Colonel 
Dodge, who captured a large amount of rebel property, 
a number of rebel soldiers and secessionists, and a large 
mail for the rebel army. 

Houston, Sam.— On March 26, 1861, the Texas State 
Convention passed an ordinance, and the Legislature 
approved the act, deposing Sam Houston from the 
Executive chair, in consequence of his refusal to take the 
new oath of allegiance to the Confederate States. 

Howard Co., Mo., was the scene of a spirited engage- 
ment January 6, 1862. A rebel encampment of 1,000 
men, under Poindexter, was attacked and completely 
routed by 500 Union cavalry, under Major Hubbard. 

Howard, Oliver 0., was born in Leeds, Maine, No- 
vember 8, 1830. He graduated at West Point in 1854, 
served in the Ordnance Department of Florida for a 
time, and became then an Assistant Professor of Mathe- 
matics at West Point, where he was found when the 
civil war broke out. He then asked leave of the War 
Department to command a regiment from his native 
State, but the request was not granted, and he resigned. 



REBELLIOxN REGISTER. 129 

Not long after lie became Colonel of the 3d Maine Vol- 
unteers, and commanded a brigade in the first battle at 
Bull Run. He was thereupon made Brigadier-General, 
and commanded the 1st Brigade of the Second Army 
Corps, and followed the fortunes of General McCleilan 
till the battle of Fair Oaks, where he lost his right arm. 
The next day he started for his home in Maine, and 
spent two months visiting various parts of that State, 
stirring up the people to sustain the Government. He 
returned to the army in time to command a brigade iu 
the second battle of Bull Run. At Antietam, after 
General Sedgwick was wounded, he assumed command 
of the division, iu which capacity he acted at the battle 
of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, having been made 
Major-General of volunteers. He was assigned to the 
Eleventh Army Corps, and took part in the battles of 
Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In September, 1863, 
he, with his corps, went to the assistance of General 
Rosecrans in Tennessee. Here he led his men in the 
hard-fought battles at Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, 
Mission Ridge, and Ringgold ; went to the relief of 
Burnside at Kuoxville, and thence accompanied Sherman 
to the taking of Atlanta, having been put in command 
of the Fourth Corps. On the fall of General McPher- 
son, at Atlanta, General Sherman appointed Howard to 
command the Army of the Tennessee, which post he 
filled with marked ability and success. 

General Howard was commissioned Brigadier-General 
in the regular army on the 13th of December, 1864. 
At this time, January 1, 1866, he is at the head of the 
Freedmen's Bureau. His fidelity and Christian forti- 
tude is most conspicuous. He is emphatically the sol- 
dier's friend, and does not lose sight of the fact that all 
heroes do not wear shoulder-straps or lead regiments. 
He prayed with his command and fought with them 
alternately. His unostentatious piety commanded the 
respect of all. Men loved him because of his humility 
as a Christian and his bravery as a soldier. 

Hudson, Mo., was the scene of an exciting but un- 
decisive engagement December 21, 1861. 

Hudsonville, Miss., was reached, and Forrest's cavalry 
there defeated, by General Grierson, April 21, 1864. 
6* 



130 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Hughes, Alf. John. (See N. Y. Riots.) 

Hunter, Mo,, was the scene of a skirmish September 

22, 1861. 

Hunter, General, arrived at Springfield, Mo., and 
assumed command of General Fremont's army November 
3, 1861. He was on the 19th assigned to the command 
of .the Department of Kansas. He declared martial law 
throughout that State February 8, 1862. He assumed 
command of the Department of the South March 31. 
On April 12 he declared free all the slaves in Fort 
Pulaski and Cockspur Island, and on May 9 issued a 
proclamation declaring free all the slaves in South Caro- 
lina, Georgia, and Florida. This order the President 
repudiated on the 19th. He, after being relieved, again 
assumed the same command January 20, 1863, and Feb- 
ruary 9 issued an order conscripting all able-bodied 
negroes in his department, and, one week later, placed 
Brigadier-General Stephenson under arrest for refusing 
to fight in company with negroes. He ordered the 
drafting of negroes in his department March 6. The 
Confederate authorities having threatened the enslave- 
ment of negro soldiers, and the execution of the officers 
captured from the Unionists, General Hunter, on April 

23, addressed a letter to Jeff". Davis, threatening retalia- 
tion on Confederate prisoners if the barbarous order was 
carried out. He was relieved of his command June 12. 
He was assigned to the command of West Virginia May 
20, 1864, and relieved August 29. 

Hunter's Mills. — On January 8, 1863, Captain Moore, 
with 100 men, surprised a party of 300 rebels at Hun- 
ter's Mills, 35 miles east of Fort Pillow, and killed 16, 
wounded 40, and captured 46 men, with their horses 
and a lot of small arms. Two Federals were wounded. 

Huntersville, Va., was occupied by the Union forces 
January 4, 1862, and ^80,000 worth of supplies, in- 
tended for the rebels, captured and destroyed. 

Huntsville, Ala, was occupied by General Mitchell's 
forces April 11, 1862. The town was surprised, and 
two trains, just starting eastward, were stopped; 17 
locomotives, 150 cars, and 170 prisoners were captured. 

The rebels made an attack on the place April 30, 
and succeeded in cutting the telegraph wire. The 



REBELLION EEGISTER. 131 

Unionists soon abandoned the place, but reoccupied it 
July 17, 1863. 

Huntsville, Mo., was taken by a band of guerrillas 
July 26, 1864, who robbed the citizens of $100,000. 

Hurricane Creek, Miss., was fortified by Forrest. 
General A. J. Smith attacked him there August 13, 
1864, driving him out of his works, with a loss of about 
25 men to each party. 

Independence, Mo. — A band of rebels, at this place, 
December 7, 1861, captured and paroled several Union 
citizens, and took tte Lexington stage, but afterward 
released it. 

On February 18, 1862, at the same place, a band of 
rebels, under the notorious Quantrell and Parker, were 
routed, with a loss of three killed, and many wounded 
and prisoners. Federal loss, one killed and three 
wounded. A brisk but undecisive fight occurred here 
March 1. The town was surrendered to the rebels 
August 11. 

Indians. — The Indians made considerable trouble 
during the rebellion, but have been generally brought 
back to allegiance to the Union. 

On September 8, 1862, there was an Indian fight at 
the lower agency in Minnesota, in which the red-skins 
were repulsed, with considerable loss. The whites lost 
14 killed and 45 wounded. 

The Indians in that State continuing to create trouble, 
murdering many of the whites, 38 of them were arrested. 
These were of the Sioux tribe. They were found guilty 
of murder, and sentenced to be hung. The sentence 
was approved, and the execution took place December 
8, 1862. 

Indianola, Texas, was, on March 13, 1864, evacuated 
by the Union forces, who took the land route, and, in 
crossing the bayous, 30 men were drowned. 

Iron Banks, above Columbus, Ky., were occupied by 
rebel batteries, which, on October 7, 1861, attacked the 
Union gun-boats Tyler and Lexington. The boats re- 
turned the fire with shell, and did considerable execu- 
tion in the rebel quarters; the gun-boats finally re- 
turned to Cairo, Illinois. 

Iron Mountain Kailroad. — The rebels attempted, 



132 REBELLION REGISTER. 

April 24, 1863, to burn the bridges on this road, but 
■were repulsed, with a loss of five killed and twenty 
wounded. 

Ironton, Mo., was the scene of a sharp skirmish Oc- 
tober 16, 1861. 

Irwinville, Gra. (See Jeff. Davis.) 

Isaac Smith, a Federal gun-boat, with 11 guns and 
180 men, surrendered to the rebels, after a smart en- 
gagement, io Stono River, January 30, 1863. The Smith 
had 8 killed and 15 wounded. 

Island For(L — After the Union forces had crossed 
this ford, July 18, 1864, the rebels, under Breckin- 
ridge, charged with great violence, and drove them back 
over the river, inflicting some loss. 

Island No. 10. — The attack for the reduction of this 
stronghold was commenced by the Unionists March 16, 
1862. The bombardment was very heavy on the 18th. 
A gun burst on the St. Louis, killing two men and 
wounding twelve. General Pope allowed a rebel gun- 
boat to approach within fifty yards of a masked battery, 
and then sunk her, killing fifteen of those on board. 
He then had five steamers between his batteries, unable 
to escape. 

Colonel Roberts, with fifty men of the 42d Illinois 
and fifty men from the boats, spiked the six guns in 
the upper fort of Island No. 10 on the morning of 
April 1, thus very much impairing the rebels' strength. 
On the evening of the 6th the gun-boat Pittsburg ran 
the blockade, and four steam transports and five barges 
were got through the canal, which had been cut oppo- 
site the island, by Colonel Bissell's engineer corps. At 
11 o'clock of the 7th, General Paine's division crossed; 
afterward the divisions of Generals Stanley, Hamilton, 
and Granger, and prepared to attack the island in the 
rear. After a bombardment of twenty-three days, the 
garrison, finding themselves thus surrounded, surren- 
dered the island to Commodore Foote. Part of the 
garrison escaped to the main land. 

The main army of the rebels was overtaken on the 
8th, in their retreat, at Tiptonville, and forced to sur- 
render their entire numbers. The whole force captured 
was 233 ofiicers (iacluding four Generals) and over 6,000 



REBELLION REGISTER. 133 

privates; 10,000 stand of arms, 2,000 horses and mules, 
1,000 wagons, and $40,000 worth of provisions, were 
taken. 

A very brilliant and spirited engagement occurred in 
Arkansas, near this place, October 17, between a Union 
force from the Island and 300 rebel cavalry. During 
the engagement, two parties of rebels, by mistake, jfired 
into each other, and thus aided the Federals in subduing 
both. 2,000 rebels, with 3 pieces of artillery, attacked 
the gun-boat New Era, at this point, on the night of 
February 1, 1863. The fight lasted till daylight, when 
the rebels retreated. 

Island ftueen. (See Canada Raids.) 

luka, Miss. — A battle at this place was fought Sep- 
tember 19, 1862, bet\veen the Union forces, under Rose- 
crans, and the rebels, commanded by Price. It lasted 
about two hours, just before dark. Rebel loss, 385 killed, 
692 wounded, and 361 prisoners; Union loss, 144 killed, 
565 wounded, and 40 missing. The Federals captured 
1,629 stand of small arms and 13,000 rounds of am- 
munition. 

Jackson Mills, N. C. — A battle occurred near this 
place, March 8, 1865, between Cox's advance and the 
rebels, under Bragg. The rebels turned the left of the 
Union position, cutting off and capturing 1,500 men and 
3 guns, and drove the whole line back nearly five miles. 

Jackson, Miss. — The rebel General Joe Johnston ar- 
rived at this place, and assumed command of the Con- 
federate forces, May 13, 1863. Next day, over miry 
roads and through torrents of rain, but in good order 
and fine spirits, Sherman's and McPherson's forces 
marched from Clinton, and met the enemy at noon, 
three miles from Jackson. Johnston finding himself un- 
able to hold the city, had marched out, with the view of 
delaying the advance and gaining time to remove the 
public property. The bulk of his force engaged Mc- 
Pherson on the Clinton road, and a small body of ar- 
tillery and infantry opposed Sherman. McPherson was 
held at bay on the Clinton road, until Sherman flanked 
the enemy on the right, when the rebels were found to 
have retreated. Their infantry had escaped to the 
north by the Clinton road; but about 250 prisoners, 



134 REBELLION REGISTER. 

with all their artillery (eighteen guns) and much ammu- 
nition and valuable stores, fell into the hands of the 
victors. The total Union loss, in killed, wounded and 
missing, was 286. The Union forces evacuated the 
place on the night of the 16th, destroying all the pub- 
lic property, and took up their advance (Johnston called 
it a retreat) upon Vicksburg. When the Union troops 
left Jackson, the rebels re-entered it, and, for nearly two 
months, worked day and night to fortify the city. Im- 
mediately after the surrender of Vicksburg, General 
Grant ordered Sherman to move against Johnson, and 
July 6 found the latter investing Jackson, where the 
former had made a stand. After a few days' skirmish- 
ing, he had invested the city on the north, south, and 
west, cutting off one hundred cars from the rebels. On 
the morning of the 16th, it was suspected that the 
rebels were evacuating, and a charge was ordered as a 
feint, but they were still found in force. During the 
night, however, they evacuated, and hastily retreated 
toward the east, after destroying most of the busi- 
ness part of the city. Not much of value fell into 
the hands of the Union troops, except the cotton used 
in the fortifications, and a large quantity of ammu- 
nition. 

Jackson, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish, and the 
defeat of Marmaduke's forces, April 28, 1863. 

Jackson, Thomas J., better known as " Stonewall," 
was wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 
from the combined effects of which -and pneumonia he 
died on the 10th. 

Jackson, Tenn., was the scene of a rebel defeat Sep- 
tember 1, 1862. They retreated, leaving 110 dead upon 
the field ; their wounded was estimated at about 250. 
The rebels destroyed the railroad near this place De- 
cember 19. Colonel Hatch dispersed the rebels at this 
place July 13, 1863, releasing 500 conscripts. All 
their artillery and 250 horses taken, and 200 men killed, 
wounded, and captured. Two companies of rebels, with 
the ammunition train, to which they were an escort, were 
captured here six days later. 

Jacksonport, Ark., was the scene of an engagement 
June 13, 1862. The rebels were defeated, losing 28 



REBELLK^N REOISTER. 135 

killed, wounded, and prisoners. Union loss, 1 killed and 
12 wounded. 

Jacksonville, Fla., was occupied by Union forces 
March 12, 1862. It was soon abandoned to be retaken 
i^Iarch 10, 1863j by the First South Carolina (colored) 
regiment. The place was held twenty-one days, when 
it was burned and abandoned. (See Camp Finnegan.) 

James Island, S. C. (See Charleston.) 

Jacques, Rev., (and Colonel,) and Mr. J. K. Gil- 
more, started on an unauthorized mission to Richmond, 
where they arrived July 11, 1864. In their interview 
with the rebel leaders, they were informed that terms 
of peace other than the independence of the Confed- 
erate States, could not and would not be considered. 

Jefferson City, Mo., was evacuated by the rebels, 
under Governor Jackson. June 14, 1861, and occupied 
by General Lyon's forces next day. General Price, with 
his main body of troops, crossed the Osage near this 
place October 7, 1864, his plan being to seize the capi- 
tal, and hold a bogus State election there. He was 
frustrated by the timely arrival of the Union troops, 
who had, by forced marches, arrived just in season to 
hold the town. Price made an attack next day, but, 
upon being repulsed, retired westward, followed by 
about 4,000 Union cavalry, under General Sanburn. 

Jessie, a notorious guerrilla chief, was captured Sep- 
tember 8, 1864, at Ghent, Ky., and again, April 25, 
1865, at Eminence, Ky. 

John's Island. (See Charleston.) 

Johnson, Andrew, United States Senator from Ten- 
nessee, at the outbreak of the rebellion took strong 
Union ground. He denounced secession as treason, 
both in and out of Congress. This subjected him to 
many insults and indignities from Southerners, who had 
counted upon him as " going with his State." Instead 
of that, however, he, by the aid of Union men there, 
kept the State with him. His course was so acceptable 
to the Union party, that they made him their candidate 
as Vice-President, to which place he was elected No- 
vember 8, 1864. Upon the assassination of Mr. Lincoln, 
he was sworn in as President of the United States, on 
April 15, 1865. He retained Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet and 



136 REBELLION REGISTER. 

subordinate officers, avowing his intention of carrying 
out tlie policy of his lamented predecessor. (See Proc- 
lamation.) 

Johnson, Waldo P., of Missouri, was expelled from 
the United States Senate as a traitor, January 10, 1862. 

Johnson, S. C, was occupied by Kilpatrick February 
10, 1865. 

Johnsonville, Ky., was shelled, and 3 tin-clads and 7 
transports destroyed by the rebels, under Forrest, Nov- 
ember 5, 1864. 

Jonesborongh, Ga. — On September 1, 1864, the 14th 
Corps assaulted and carried the enemy's works at Jones- 
borough, capturing 10 guns and 2,000 prisoners, among 
them Brigadier-Greneral Gorman. The rebels again occu- 
pied the town when the Unionists had abandoned it. 
Sherman's right wing took the town, driving out Wheeler 
and Cobb, November 18, 1864. 

Jonesville, Tenn. — On January 3, 1864, Sam. Jones, 
with 4,000 men, made a descent on a small body of 
Union troops, numbering 280 lUinoisans and 18 of Neil's 
Ohio battery, stationed near Jonesville. A desperate 
resistance was made, lasting from 7 A. M. to 3 P. M., 
when the Unionists surrendered, having 30 killed, and 
about the same number wounded. 

Journal . of Commerce. (See Bogus Proclamation 
and Daily News.) 

J. P. Elliott. — The rebel privateer Retribution cap- 
tured, in lat. 28° 12' N., long. 68° 55' W., the brigantine 
J. P. Elliott, and put a prize crew on board, January 
10, 1863. The wife of the mate, who was left on board, 
succeeded in getting the officers drunk, and ironed them, 
and, with the aid of the crew, most of whom were 
negroes, took the vessel to St. Thomas, and delivered it 
to the United States Consul. 

Kansas City. — On November 11, 1861, 110 Kansas 
troops broke up a large rebel camp on the Little Blue, 
near Kansas City, Missouri. 

Kearney, Philip, was appointed Brigadier-General of 
volunteers July 25, 1861. Before this, he had fought 
the Indians, the Arabs, and the Mexicans, having lost 
his left arm at the storming of the city of Mexico. In 
1859, Major Kearney acted as volunteer aid to Marshal 



REBELLION REGISTER. 137 

Maurice. For his gallantry at Magenta and Solferino, 
the Emperor Napoleon bestowed upon him the Cross 
of the Legion of Honor. Throughout the bloody and 
disastrous campaign of the Peninsula, his division was 
generally in the hottest of the fight. In recognition of 
his great service in this campaign, he was commissioned 
as Major-General of volunteers. While in advance of 
his aids and orderlies during the battle of Chantilley 
September 1, 1862, a ball ended his earthly career. His 
body rests at Trinity Church, New York city, near that 
of the illustrious Montgomery. 

The Kearney medal was presented to the 3d Army 
Corps, May 27, 1863. 

Kearneysville. — A party of 30 or 40 guerrillas, under 
Major Harry Gillmore, February 12, 1864, stopped the 
western express train on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road, at Kearneysville, 8 miles west of Harper's Ferry, 
and robbed the passengers and express of 35 or 40 
watches, and about $35,000 in money; no lives were lost. 
Several of the robbers were afterward taken by General 
Kelly's command. 

Kearsarge. (See the Alabama.) 

Kelley's Ford.— On March 27, 1863, about 200 of 
General Averill's cavalry, on a reconnoissance, crossed 
the Rappahannock at Kelley's Ford, where the ford was 
so narrow that they were compelled to cross singly, 
and, in the face of a galling fire, they charged the rebel 
rifle-pits and intrenchments, capturing nearly the whole 
force. They then encountered and whipped Fitzhugh 
Lee's cavalry (who were hastening to reinforce the rifle- 
pits) in several hand-to-hand fights, and drove them four 
miles. General Averill then withdrew, bringing in 80 
prisoners. 

A brisk skirmish occurred here April 14. Hooker, 
in his advance upon Fredericksburg, crossed the Rap- 
pahannock at this place April 29. On August 1, Gen- 
eral Buford drove Stuart's rebels one and a half miles 
from Kelley's Ford, when the rebels were reinforced 
and Buford was compelled to withdraw. He brought 
away over 100 prisoners; his loss was 4 killed and 60 
wounded. 

The 3d and 6th Corps of Meade's army, in their for- 



138 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ward movement, crossed the Rappahannock, at Rappa- 
hannock Station and Kelley's Ford, November 7, and, 
after a spirited engagement, took the rebel rifle-pits and 
480 prisoners and 600 Enfield rifles. The rebels lost 
besides 100 killed and 300 wounded. Federal loss, 370. 
Over 1,900 prisoners, 4 guns, and 8 battle-flags were 
taken in this forward movement. 

Kelley's Ford, Tenn. (See Bean Station.) 

Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., was occupied by the rebels, 
in their retreat before Sherman, June 8, 1864, and the 
13th found that Greneral preparing for the attack. The 
rebel works were very extensive, including Kenesaw, 
Lost, and Pine Mountains. Greneral Hooker, on the 
15th, after a severe fight, obtained possession of Pine 
Mountam. After this, heavy skirmishing was experienced, 
on the 16th, 17th, and 18th, in front of the rebel posi- 
tion, which was one complete net-work of fortifications. 
The army advanced, closing in on the enemy's intrcnch- 
ments, under a murderous fire. All day long, on the 
18th, the fighting continued, and, also, with little inter- 
mission during the night. Works were constructed im- 
mediately under the enemy's sharp-shooters, but with 
great sacrifice of lite. The rebel cavalry tried to disturb 
General Sherman's movements by raiding on his com- 
munications. After the engagement of the 18th, Gen- 
eral Sherman pressed the rebels so hard they were 
compelled to draw in their lines on the left from Lost 
Mountain, concentrating all at Kenesaw. 

On the 23d they assaulted Schofield and Hooker, but 
were promptly repulsed. 

On the 27th an advance was ordered along the entire 
line, with the purpose of covering an attempt to force 
the rebels from Kenesaw Mountain. The position to 
be attempted was one which offered but a desperate chance 
of success. On the summit of the rugged mountain peak, 
covered with a dense growth of underbrush, the rebels had 
stationed a battery of twelve guns, from which they main- 
tained a withering cross-fire on the troops engaged in 
forcing a passage up the steep sides of the mountain, 
and over the abatis and rifle-pits, behind which the 
enemy lay sheltered. The Union commander made two 
fierce assaults, in the hope of dislodging the enemy, but 



REBELLION REGISTER. 139 

without success. General McPherson's three corps, undei 
Logan, Dodge, and Blair, as well as Palmer, Hooker, and 
Scboficlds columns, exhibited extraordinary valor and 
enduijiuce; but, after fighting two hours, were withdrawn. 

The Union loss in general officers was very heavy, 
besides about 2,500 men killed and wounded, many of 
whom were injured by huge rocks hurled down upon 
them from a high cliff. Rebel loss unknown. They 
kept clear behind their breastworks all through the 
assault. An armistice was agreed upon, on the 28th, 
for the purpose of burying the dead. 

After the unsuccessful assault of the 27th, General 
Schofield forced the enemy to evacuate the place, which 
he did on the 30th. He did this by executing a flank 
movement. On the 1st of July, the Union forces fol- 
lowed quickly in pursuit, and took a large number of 
prisoners, probably 1,000. On the 3d, Joe Johnston 
commenced crossing the Chattahoochee, still retreating. 

Kennedy, R. C, one of the New York hotel burners, 
was arrested, tried, and condemned. He was hung at 
Fort Lafayette March 25, 1865. 

Kentucky. — The State Legislature, on May 17, 1861, 
authorized the suspension of specie payment by the 
banks. Three days later. Governor Magoffin issued a 
proclamation declaring the neutrality of the State, and 
forbidding the march of troops from either section 
across it. 

The new Legislature met September 2, and on the 
11th, by a vote of 71 yeas to 26 nays, ordered the Con- 
federate troops to leave the State. Fearing rebel raids, 
the Legislature was, September 1, 1862, adjourned from 
Frankfort to Louisville. 

Kettle Run. — General Hooker came upon the rebels 
at Kettle Run, near Manassas, on August 27, 1862, and, 
after a sharp engagement, completely routed them, cap- 
turing a large number of arms, etc. 

On May 30, 1863, the rebel cavalry destroyed a loco- 
motive and 16 cars, loaded with forage, on the Alexandria 
Railroad, near Kettle Run. They were routed by a de- 
tachment of cavalry, who captured their artillery, and 
wounded a great many. Union loss, 4 killed and 14 
wounded. 



140 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Kickapoo Bottom, Ark., was the scene of an engage- 
ment May 8, 18G2. 

Kilpatrick, Judson, was, during the rebellion, one of 
the most daring, dashing, and successful cavalry Generals 
in the service ; some of his exploits seemed almost won- 
derful. He was loved by his men, esteemed by his 
brother officers, and praised by the people. During tho 
Gubernatorial campaign in New Jersey, in the fall of 
1865, he proved himself a power on the stump as 
well as in the saddle. At the close of the rebellion 
he was appointed Minister to Chili. The history of 
his doings will be found in connection with the places 
he visited. 

Kinderhook, near Columbia, Tenn., was, on August 
11, 1862, the scene of a four hours' skirmish, resulting 
in a rebel discomfiture. 

King George's C. H., was surprised and captured by 
a party of Union cavalry, December 2, 1862. 

Kingsport, Tenn., was invested on December 13, 
1862, by General Stoneman, who captured or killed 
about one hundred of Morgan and Duke's rebel bri- 
gade, they retreating toward Bristol. 

Kingston, Ga., was occupied by a portion of General 
Sherman's army May 18, 1864:. 

Kingston, Tenn., was the scene of a repulse of the 
rebel cavalry November 25, 1863. 

Kingston Springs, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmish 
October 22, 1863. 

Kinston, N. C, was occupied by the retreating rebels 
December 12, 1862. They were next morning attacked 
by Foster's forces; they held out for five hours, when 
they were driven from the place, with the loss of 400 
prisoners and 11 guns. The rebels were defeated near 
this place April 27 and 28, 1863. On March 6, 1864, 
twenty-three soldiers of C. H. Foster's North Caro- 
lina Regiment of Union troops were hung at Kins- 
ton, N. C., by the rebels, as deserters from the con- 
scription. Thoy met their fate like heroes. On March 
11, 1865, Kinston was occupied by General Schofield, 
after heavy fighting since the first assault. General 
Bragg and army retreating. Battle severe ; loss about 
2,500 on each side 



REBELLION REGISTER. 141 

Kirksville, Mo., waa the scene of a guerrilla defeat, 
August 7, 1862. 

Knoxville, Tenn. — During the raising of a United 
States flag in this place, May 7, 1861, there commenced 
a serious riot, in which two men were killed and several 
injured. The city was for some time held by the rebels. 
The advance of Burnside's army captured the city Sep- 
temper 1, 1863, and the main army occupied it on the 
4th, amid great enthusiasm. When Rosecrans moved 
on southward. General Burnside established his head- 
quarters at Knoxville. The attempts of the rebels to 
break his communications was frequent, and hence skir- 
mishing was of almost daily occurrence. About the 
middle of November, Burnside having retreated to this 
place, Longstreet besieged it, and on the 17th made an 
attack which was repulsed. Part of the city was burned 
on the 22d. A sortie was made by the Unionists on 
the 24th, when the rebels were driven to their original 
besieging position, losing their advance works, which 
were destroyed. The next day, Longstreet, with three 
brigades, attacked one of Burnside's brigades, in a strong 
position; after a hard fight the rebels were repulsed, 
with a loss of 150 men. On the 29th, two of Long- 
street's brigades made a desperate assault on Fort 
Sanders, one of the defenses of Knoxville, but were re- 
pulsed with a loss of 1,000 killed, wounded, and prison- 
ers, and 3 battle-flags. Union loss at the assault, 4 
killed and 7 wounded. The siege was abandoned on 
December 4, Longstreet marching toward Virginia. 

General Gillem's retreating forces reached this place 
November 20, 1864. 

Labadieville, La., was the scene of a battle October 
27, 1862. The rebels were put to flight after a short 
resistance. Rebel loss, 6 killed, 15 wounded, and 208 
prisoners ; Union loss, 18 killed and 74 wounded. 

Ladies' National League, to disuse imported arti- 
cles, was formed at Washington May 1, 1864. 

Lafayette, Ga., then occupied by Union forces, was 
attacked on June 24, 1864, by Pillow, who was repulsed. 
Hood, in his retreat, left the town October 17, and 
Sherman's forces occupied it the same day. 

La Fourche, La.~The rebels, on June 20, 1863, 



142 REBELLION REGISTER. 

attacked the railroad bridge at this place, but were 
repulsed, leaving their dead and wounded. 

La Grange, Ark., was the scene of a skirmish and 
rebel repulse October 11, 1862. The rebel camp here 
situated was surprised and captured January 3, 1863. 
The Unionists were here defeated May 1, 1863, with a 
loss of 41 men. 

La Grange, Tenn., was occupied by General Grant 
November 9, 1862. Union raids were organized and 
started from this place April 17, May 1, and August 13, 
1863. General A. J. Smith left this place July 5, 1864, 
on a raid southward, returning on the 20th, having in- 
flicted upon the rebels a loss of 2,500 men. 

Lake Phelps, N. C. — A Union raid upon this place 
January 23, 1864, captured and destroyed 200,000 
pounds of pork, together with tobacco, cotton, horses, 
and mules. 

Lancaster, Ky., was occupied by the retreating rebels 
July 31, 1863. 

Lancaster, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish Novem- 
ber 24, 1861. 

Lane's Prairie, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish 
July 26, 1861. 

Languella River, Texas. — An action occurred at " the 
bend " July 31, 1862. A regiment of Texas rangers sur- 
rounded a company of Union troops, and killed, wounded, 
and captured all but 20, who escaped. 

Laurel Hill, N. C, was occupied March 8, 1865, by 
Sherman's advance. 

Laurel Hill, Va., was the scene of a fight July 10, 
1,861. General McClellan attacked General Pegram, 
drove him from his rifle- pits, and, with the loss of 1 
killed and 3 wounded, completely routed the whole rebel 
force. 

Lavergne, Tenn., was the scene of a battle October 
7, 1862. General Negley dispatched a force from Nash- 
ville to break up the rebel camp at this place. The 
expedition was successful, the rebels retreating after 
thirty minutes' fighting. Their loss was 80 killed and 
wounded ; the Union loss was 14 killed and wounded. 

A sharp fight occurred here December 9, and the 
town was occupied by Rosecraus on the 20th. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 143 

Lawrence, Kansas. — On the evening of August 20, 
1863, Quantrell, with about 800 guerrillas, crossed from 
Missouri into Kansas, about 60 miles below Lawrence, 
and immediately marched on that place, where they 
arrived at 4 o'clock next morning. The citizens being 
entirely surprised, and unarmed, made no defense. The 
guerrillas committed great atrocities, killing and burning 
the bodies, robbing houses of all money and valuables, 
even to the jewelry from women's fingers. One hundred 
and ninety persons were killed, many of them women 
and children; nearly 600 were more or less wounded. 
Over $2,000,000 worth of property was destroyed, among 
which were 182 houses. General James H, Lane, who 
was in the town, escaped on horseback, and, rallying 
about 200 men, followed and fought Quantrell 12 miles 
south of Lawrence. Quantrell fled, closely pursued by 
the infuriated Kansans. 

Lawton, N. C, was occupied by Kilpatrick February 
4, 1865. 

Leavenworth, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish and 
rebel defeat November 2, 1861. 

Lebanon, Ky., was the scene of a cavalry fight Sep- 
tember 21, 1862. 

On January 1, 1863, Colonel Hoskins, commanding 
the Union forces, attacked Morgan's forces six miles 
south of this place, and defeated him. Several rebels 
were killed and wounded, and 60 taken prisoners ; their 
caissons and provisions were taken. Morgan fled in the 
direction of Columbia. 

Lebanon, Mo. — Three hundred Confederates were 
surprised and defeated at this place October 13, 1861, 
by two companies of cavalry, under Major Wright. 
Rebel loss, 20 killed and 30 prisoners; Union loss, one 
man killed. The town was occupied by the rebels 
November 25. 

The rebels were repulsed here March 12, 1862, with 
a loss of 13 killed, 5 wounded, and 13 — including Gen- 
eral Campbell — taken prisoners. 

Lebanon, Tenn., was, on February 8, 1863, occupied 
by the Unionists, who captured over 600 of Morgan's 
command. 

Lee, Eobert E., formerly of the U. S. Army, went 



144 REBELLION REGISTER. 

witli his State, and was appointed commander of the 
"Virginia forces" April 22, 1861, and assumed command 
on May 10. Having assumed command of the rebel 
forces, he made incursions into Maryland, and, Septem- 
ber 8, 1862, issued his celebrated proclamation, in which 
he urged the citizens of Maryland to cast oflf the yoke 
which bound them to the Union, promising his aid and 
support. There was but little, if any, response to this 
document. 

His history will be found closely identified with the 
Confederacy. A few points only is added here. April 
2, 1865, he telegraphed to Jeff. Davis that his lines were 
broken, and that the latter must fly. After surrendering 
his army he issued an address, in which he thanked them 
for " duty faithfully performed^ constancy and devotion to 
their country^ He, of course, applied for pardon. 

Leesburgc, Va., was taken possession of by Union 
forces March 7, 1862. The rebels were also defeated in 
a skirmish September 17. 

Lee's Mills, Va. — The Union position on the Warwick 
River, near Yorktown, was attacked April 16, 1862. 
The rebels were repulsed ; but, in the end, the Unionists 
were compelled to retire. Losses — Union, 35 killed, 120 
wounded, and 9 prisoners ; rebels, 20 killed, 75 wounded, 
and 50 prisoners. 

Lewinsville, Va. — On September 11, 1861, a recon- 
noitering party, under Colonel Stevens, of the New York 
Highlanders, returning to their camp at Chain Bridge 
from Lewinsville, were attacked by a strong Confederate 
force from Falls Church. The rebel battery was soon 
silenced by Griffin's battery, and the other forces were 
scattered. The Federals then returned to the bridge. 
Union loss, 7 killed and 9 wounded. The town was 
occupied by the Unionists October 9. 

Lewisburg, Va.— On May 23, 1862, 3,000 Confed- 
erates, under General Heath, attacked two regiments, 
under Colonel Crook. After a spirited fight of an hour, 
the rebels were routed in utter confusion ; 38 dead and 
66 wounded were left on the field; 100 prisoners, 300 
stand of arms, and four pieces of artillery were captured. 
Union loss, 10 killed and 40 wounded. 

November 5, 1863, a detachment of General Averill's 



REBELLION REGISTER. 145 

cavalry, under Greneral Duffie, attacked the rebels, under 
General Patton, and defeated them, capturing 3 guns^ 
100 prisoners, and a large number of small arms, etc. 
Rebel loss, in killed and wounded, estimated at 350. 

Lexington, Ky., was occupied August 30, 1862, by 
the retreating Unionists, who left it September 1, when 
it was taken by Kirby Smith, who held it until October 
7. The rebels, under Morgan, made a dash into the 
town October 18, killing 6, and capturing about 120 
Unionists. The same party, on June 10, 1864, robbed 
the city. 

Lexington, Mo., was, on August 29, 1861, attacked 
by 2,000 rebels. The place was defended by 250 men, 
wlio successfully beat oflf their assailants. 

The Confederates, under Greneral Price, on September 

16, commenced the siege of Lexington, which post was 
held by a small force of Unionists, under Colonel Mul- 
ligan. The assault by the Confederates was repulsed, 
with great loss. After holding out for 4 days — fifty- 
nine hours of which the supply of water had been cut 
off" — and reinforcements failing to come, Mulligan was 
compelled to surrender, which he did on the 20th. He 
had previously off'ered to meet the enemy in the open 
field--4 to 1 — which General Price declined. A quarter 
of a million in gold fell into the hands of the Confed- 
erates. The garrison of Lexington was 3,000 men; the 
attacking party, 20,000. Union loss, 39 killed and 120 
wounded. The Confederate loss was not far from 1,200 
killed and wounded. Price held the place until the 29th, 
when he moved on, leaving a garrison of 300 men. 
This garrison was surprised by Major White, with 150 
men, October 16. They threw away their arms and 
escaped. The town was again occupied by Price October 

17, 1864, but he was speedily routed by General Blunt. 
Lexington, Tenn., was occupied by the rebels De- 
cember 18, 1862. In the fight the Federals lost 7 killed, 
10 wounded, and 110 prisoners, and rebels 35 killed and 
wounded. The rebels were defeated here July 16, 1863. 

Liberty, La., was the scene of a rebel defeat Novem- 
ber 21, 1864. They lost 3 guns and 200 prisoners. 

Liberty, Tenn., was the scene of a guerrilla rout 
June 5, 1863. 

7 



146 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Liberty Gap, Tenn., was the scene of a fight June 25, 
1863, between Cleburne's division and Willich, Wilder, 
and Carter's brigades. After an hour's fight the rebels 
were defeated, with heavy loss ; Union loss, 40 killed and 
100 wounded. 

Lickingtown, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish and 
rebel repulse February 25, 1863. 

Lincoln, Abraham, was born on February 12, 1809, 
in Hardin County, Ky. His father, Thomas Lincoln, 
was one of the " poor whites " of the South, who, seeing 
no chance for his children to rise in a slave State, re- 
moved, when Abraham was seven years old, to Spencer 
County, Indiana, where he built a cabin, in which the 
family lived until 1830, when they removed to near 
Decatur, IHinois. 

His mother died when he was ten years old, but had 
previously taught him to read, to which, under great dis- 
advantages, was afterward added some knowledge of 
arithmetic and the art of writing. Thus began the 
career of one who, subsequently, held the most exalted 
ofiicial positions, and wielded an influence second to few 
in the world's history. 

At the age of nineteen, he was employed, at ten dollars 
per month, to make a trip to New Orleans, upon a flat-boat. 
Though twenty-one years of age, Abraham, before begin- 
ning an independent life, aided his father in fencing his 
new farm in Illinois, and the rails which he split have 
passed into "song and story." He used, while President, 
a cane made from one of them, and portions of them are 
to be found in every State of the Union. 

When Abraham began life for himself, he was entirely 
dependent upon his own exertions. He worked as a farm- 
hand and as a clerk in a store. His sagacity, force of 
character, and sterling integrity gained him the confi- 
dence of acquaintances. As a captain of a volunteer 
company in the Black Hawk war, he won the reputation 
of a faithful, courageous, and eflicient officer. 

After his return, he ran for the Legislature, and met 
his first and last defeat before the people. He studied 
surveying, and won a fine reputation for his skill in the 
art. In 1834 he was elected to the Legislature, and at 
the close of the session, being twenty-five years of age, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 147 

he began the study of the law, and so rapid was his prog- 
ress, that in 1836 he was licensed, and the next year 
removed to Springfield, the State capital. He was three 
times elected to the Legislature, where his acquaintance 
with Stephen A. Douglas was first formed. His law prac- 
tice was large, and very successful, and his interest in 
politics was active and constant. He "stumped" his 
State in the presidential contest of 1844, and was elected 
to Congress in 1847, the only Whig member from his 
State. 

He canvassed his State, in 1848, for General Taylor. 
In the intervening period, until 1854, he was actively 
engaged in the practice of his profession. In that year, 
the proposition to repeal the Missouri Compromise led 
to a most exciting canvass, in which he engaged, having 
for a competitor, before the same auditors, the Hon. 
Stephen A. Douglas. The result was the defeat of the 
Democrats. In 1858, he held the very memorable dis- 
cussions, before the people of his State, with Senator 
Douglas. Seven joint debates were had, and the topics 
discussed embraced all the great questions then dividing 
the country. His competitor was confessedly one of the 
most ingeuious debaters in the country, and the interest 
which centered in the discussions drew large and en- 
thusiastic audiences. The debaters were rival candidates 
for United States Senator, and the contest became one 
of national interest. In the election which followed, 
Douglas was defeated by over 5,000 majority in the 
popular vote ; yet the legislative districts had been so 
arranged, that he secured a majority of the votes in that 
body, and was elected to the U. S. Senate. 

This notable discussion had brought Mr. Lincoln 
proniiuently before the country, and doubtless had much 
influence in securing his nomination for the presidency, 
by the National Republican Convention, in May, 1860. 
The exciting canvass, the disorganization and disintegra- 
tion of the opposing parties, his election, and the active 
movements for secession which followed, with the subse- 
quent official career of the subject of this sketch, is 
simply the history of our country since that time until 
his death. 

The following is a brief epitome of his history as 



148 REBELLION REGISTER. 

President. He was nominated by the National Repub- 
lican Convention, at Chicago, May 18, 1860, and elected 
by the people November 6. The electoral vote was 
counted in Congress February 13, 1861, resulting, Lin- 
coln, 180; Brec'kenridge, 72; Bell, 39; Douglas, 12. Of 
the popular vote, Lincoln had received 1,857,610 ; Doug- 
las, 1,365,976; Breckenridge, 847,953; and Bell, 590,631. 
He was inaugurated March 4, 1861. April 15 he issued 
his proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers, and com- 
manding the rebels to return to peace within 30 days. 
An extra session of Congress was called the same day, 
to meet July 4. On April 19 he declared the States of 
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, 
Louisiana, and Texas to be in insurrection, and on the 
19th ordered the ports of Virginia and North Carolina 
to be blockaded. On May 3 he called for 42,000 ad- 
ditional three-years' volunteers, 22,714 additional regu- 
lars, and 18,000 additional seamen, to be mustered into 
the service of the Government, and on the 10th declared 
martial law upon the islands of Key West, the Tortugas, 
and Santa Rosa, Florida. 

He acknowledged the Wheeling Government as the 
government of Virginia, June 26. His first message to 
Congress was read July 5; in it he called for 400,000 
men and $400,000,000 to aid in putting down the rebell- 
ion, and on the 11th he approved the resolution of Con- 
gress remitting the duties on arras imported by States to 
be used in suppressing the rebellion. August 16 he de- 
clared the States of Virginia. North Carolina, Tennessee, 
and Arkansas in insurrection, and ordered all commercial 
intercourse between the North and seceded States to cease. 
September 11, in a letter to General Fremont, he directed 
him to modify the confiscation clause in his proclamation. 
January 20, 1862, he issued his order for the appointment 
of commissioners to visit Richmond, to provide for the 
welfare of the Union troops imprisoned at that place. 

February 14 the Secretary of War ordered the re- 
lease of all political prisoners, on the condition of their 
taking the oath of allegiance. The President proclaimed 
a general amnesty to all such as complied. March 6 
he asked Congress to declare, by resolution, that the 
United States ought to co-operate with any State which 



REBELLION REGISTER. 149 

may adopt a gradual abolition of slavery, giving to such 
State pecuniary aid as indemnity. He signed the bill 
for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia 
April 16. May 12 he declared that the blockaded ports 
of Beaufort, North Carolina, Port Royal, South Carolina, 
and New Orleans, Louisiana, should be open on and 
after the 1st of June, for commercial intercourse. On 
the 19th he repudiated the manifesto of General Hunter, 
liberating the slaves in his department. On the 26th 
he, by proclamation, took military possession of all the 
railroads, for the transportation of troops and munitions 
of war. 

His call for 600,000 volunteers was issued July 1. 
On the 22d he issued an order for the seizure of sup- 
plies necessary for army use, in all the rebel States, 
and directing that persons of African descent should be 
employed as laborers, giving wages for their labor. The 
same day his order that foreigners should not be re- 
quired to take the oath of allegiance was issued. On 
the 25th he issued a proclamation warning the rebels 
of the provisions of the confiscation act. 

August 4 he ordered a draft for 300,000 militia, to 
serve in the army of the United States for nine months ; 
also a special draft from the militia in States whose 
quota of volunteers, under the last call, shall not be 
filled by the 15th of August. A third article of this 
order relates to promotions for meritorious and distin- 
guished services, the prevention of the appointment of 
incompetent and unworthy officers, and the expulsion 
from the service of such incompetent persons as now 
hold commissions. 

The Emancipation Proclamation, declaring the slaves 
in any State in rebellion on the 1st of January, 1863, 
thenceforward and forever free, was issued September 
22. On the 24th he issued a proclamation suspending 
the writ of habeas corpus. The bill admitting West 
Virginia as a State of the Union was signed December 
31. The Emancipation Proclamation, defining the States 
and parts of States where it was operative, was issued 
January 1, 1863. 

On May 8 he issued a proclamation declaring what 
shall constitute the national forces, and declaring also 



150 REBELLION REGISTER. 

that no pica of alienage will be received from any 
foreign-born citizen after sixty-five days from the date 
of the proclamation. 

On April 20 he issued his proclamation reciting that 
West Virginia, having complied with the provisions of 
the act of Congress, approved 31st December, 1862, the 
said act shall take effect and be in force from and after 
sixty days from date. 

June 4 he revoked General Burnside's order in rela- 
tion to the Chicago Times and New York World. His 
letter to the Albany Committee of Constitutional Union 
Democrats was dated June 13. He called for 100,000 
men for six months, to repel invasion, June 15. 

July 30 he proclaimed a retaliation policy in favor 
of negro soldiers. August 7 he wrote to Governor 
Seymour, of New York, that the draft would be en- 
forced. His letter to Springfield, Illinois, and Syracuse, 
New York, Conventions, is dated August 26. 

October 17 he called for 300,000 more men, to be 
drafted January 5, if not sooner raised by volunteering. 
December 8 he issued a proclamation of amnesty to 
rebels who would lay down their arms. 

February 1, 1864, he ordered a draft for 500,000 
men, to take place the 10th of March, if not raised by 
voluntary enlistments by the 1st of March (this order 
included a former call for 300,000) ; and on March 14 
called for 200,000 men to supply deficiencies and form 
a reserve for the draft, to be made on the 15th of April. 

On March 26 he explains his Amnesty Proclamation. 
He ordained that all those insurgents who are at large, 
but not those who are at present in the custody of the 
military or civil authorities of the United States, are 
eligible for the advantages to be derived from this 



The Jewett and Greeley peace affair, during July, 
lied fort 
ultimatum . 



called forth from the President the following, as his 



*' ^0 whom it may concern: 

"Any proposition which embraces the restoration of 
peace, the integrity of the whole Union, and the aban- 
donment of slavery, and which comes by and with an 



REBELLION REGISTER. 151 

authority that can control the armies now at war against 
the United States, will be received and considered by 
the Executive government of the United States, and 
will be met by liberal terms on substantial and collat- 
eral points, and the bearer or bearers thereof shall have 
safe conduct both ways. 

[Signed] "Abraham Lincoln." 

The same day a call was made for 500,000 men within 
fifty days, and any deficiency to be made up by draft- 
ing on September 5. 

In his message to Congress, December 6, he asserted 
that the nation is fixed in the resolution to put down 
the rebellion and establish legal authority, and is well 
able to do so; that apparently this object must be at- 
tained by pushing the war through; that the rebels can 
have peace at once by laying down their arms and sub- 
mitting to the laws; and that he will not retract or 
modify the Emancipation Proclamation, nor return to 
slavery any one freed by it or by acts of Congress. 

A conference was had between Mr. Lincoln and some 
of his advisers, and rebel commissioners, February 3, 
1865, but without result. 

Mr. Lincoln was nominated June 9, 1864, by the 
Baltimore Convention, for re-election. The nomination 
was almost unanimous on the first ballot, and was imme- 
diately made so upon motion of a delegate from Mis- 
souri, the only State that cast a vote adverse to him in 
the convention, the delegates voting, under instructions, 
for General Grant. 

The 10th of November came, and that nomination 
was overwhelmingly ratified. Mr. Lincoln's popular 
majority, in a vote of 4,015,902, was 411,428, and he 
received 212 of the 233 electoral votes. He was re- 
inaugurated March 4, 1865, and entered upon his duties 
with a prospect of soon seeing the rebellion crushed 
and peace restored. (See his Inaugural Address in the 
Appendix.) 

The agonies of war was passed, the Stars and Stripes 
were again floating in supremacy over the whole land ; 
the Union was preserved and re-established. President 
Lincoln shared the common joy of loyal hearts at this 



15>2 REBELLION REGISTER. 

glorious result, but with an inteusity of feeling doubtless 
that none other felt. His friends were reassured, his 
enemies silenced ; the purity of his motives and the 
honesty of his purpose vindicated. Those who knew 
him best, knew he had no resentment to gratify, no re- 
venge to inflict, no malicious passion to clamor for in- 
dulgence. The thought that of now proving to the 
people of the South that love for his country, and not 
any ill will to them, prompted his course, and the de- 
termination to deal with them' as gently as safety to the 
country would allow, filled his noble heart with the 
sweetest and noblest satisfaction. 

The Pi evident, Mrs. Lincoln, Miss Harris, and Major 
Kathbone, on the evening of April 14, occupied the 
Presidents private box at Ford's Theater. About 10 
o'clock, Booth entered, unobserved, and shot the Presi- 
dent, the ball taking effect at the base of the brain, and 
almost coming through at the right temple. (See Booth.) 
Mrs. Lincoln, who was sitting by the side of the Presi- 
dent, noticed, as she was startled by the pistol-shot, the 
President's head fall against the back of the large cush- 
ioned arm-chair in which he was sitting. She, seeming to 
understand at once what had happened, shrieked, and 
bent over him just as Booth ran past them to get over 
the front of the box. As soon as it was ascertained by 
the audience and the theater people what had occurred, 
the play stopped, and many rushed into the President's 
box. The house was soon cleared, and the wounded 
President was carried upon a litter to a dwelling-house 
opposite the theater, where, at twenty-two minutes past 
seven o'clock next morning, amid a few of his personal 
friends and his family, the Christian patriot-martyr died. 
The body was embalmed, and lay in state at Washington 
and the principal cities between there and Spriugfieid, 
111., where it was interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery, May 
4. Nothing that the ingenuity of grief could desire was 
left undone to make the passage an imposing testimonial 
to the memory of the dead. The whole country seemed 
to flock to the railroad stations to witness the passage of 
the car bearing the remains; business was suspended, 
and we were a nation in tears ; bells were tolled, bands 
breathed plaintive dirges, mottoes were displayed, and at 



REBELLION REGISTER. 153 

the cities where the coffin was opened, tens of thousands 
flocked to take a farewell look upon the features they 
loved so well. 

The Hon. W. H. Herndon of Springfield, Illinois, 
who was for twenty years the law partner of Abraham 
Lincoln, gave a lecture on the life and character of his 
illustrious companion, prefacing it with the following 
description : 

"Abraham Lincoln was about six feet four inches high, 
and when he left the city, was fifty-one years old, having 
good health, and no gray hairs, or but few, in his head. 
He was thin, wiry, sinewy, raw-boned, thin across the 
breast to the back, and narrow across the shoulders; 
standing, he leant forward — was, what may be called 
stoop-shouldered, inclining to the consumptive by build. 
His usual weight was about one hundred and sixty pounds. 
Elis organization — rather his structure and function — 
worked slowly. His blood had to run a long distance 
from his heart to the extremeties of his frame, and his 
nerve force had to travel through dry ground a long 
distance before his muscles were obedient to his will. 
His structure was loose and leathery ; his body was 
shrunk and shriveled, having dark skin, dark hair, look- 
ing woe-struck. The whole man, body and mind, worked 
slowly, creakingly, as if it needed oiling. Physically 
he was a very powerful man, lifting with ease four hun- 
dred or six hundred pounds. 

"His mind was like his body — it worked slowly but 
strongly. When he walked, he moved cautiously but 
firmly ; his long arms, and hands on them like giant's 
hands, swung down by his side. He walked with even 
tread ; the inner sides of his feet were parallel. He 
put the whole foot flat down on the ground at once, 
not landing on the heel ; he likewise lifted his foot all 
at once, not raising from the toes, and hence had no 
spring in his walk. He had the economy of fall and 
lift of foot, though he had no spring or apparent ease 
of motion to his tread. He walked undulatory, up and 
down, catching and pocketing tire, weariness, and pain, 
all up and down his person, preventing them from locat- 
ing. The first opinion of a stranger, or a man who did 
not observe closely, was that his walk implied shrewd- 
7* 



154 REBELLION REGLSTER. 

ness, cunuiug, a tricky man ; but his walk was the walk 
of caution and firmness. In sitting down in a common 
chair, he was no taller than ordinary men. His legs 
and arms were abnormally, unnaturally long, and in 
undue proportion to the rest of his body. It was only 
when he stood up that he loomed above other men. 

" Mr. Lincoln's head was long and tall from the base 
of the brain and from the eyebrows — the perceptive 
faculties. His head ran backward, his forehead rising 
as it ran back at a low angle, like Clay's, and, unlike 
Webster's, almost perpendicular. The size of the hat, 
measured on the hatter's block, was 7J, his head being, 
from ear to ear, 6^ inches, and from the front to the 
back of the brain, 8 inches. Thus measured, it was not 
below the medium size. His forehead was narrow, but 
high ; his hair was dark, almost black, and lay floating 
where his fingers or the wind left it, piled up at random ; 
his cheek-bones very high, sharp, and prominent ; his 
eyebrows heavy and jutting out; his jaws were long, 
up-curved and heavy ; his nose was large, long, and 
blunt, having the tip glowing in red, and a little awry 
toward the right eye; his chin was long, sharp, and 
up-curved; his eyebrows cropped out like a huge rock 
on the brow of a hill ; his face was long, sallow, cadav- 
erous, shrunk, shriveled, wrinkled, and dry, having, here 
and there, a hair on the surface; his cheeks were leath- 
ery; his ears were large, and ran out almost at right 
angles from his head, caused by heavy hats, and partly 
by nature ; his lower lip was thick, hanging, and under- 
curved, while his chin reached for the lip, up-curved; 
his neck was neat and trim, his head being well-balanced 
on it ; there was the lower mole on the right cheek, and 
Adam's-apple on the throat. 

" Thus stood, walked, acted, and looked Abraham Lin- 
coln. He was not a pretty man by any means, nor was 
he an ugly one. He was a homely man, careless of his 
looks, plain-looking and plain-acting. He had no pomp, 
display, or dignity, so-called. He appeared simple in 
his carriage and bearing. He was a sad-looking man; 
his melancholy dripped from him as he walked. His 
apparent gloom impressed his friends, and created a 
sympathy for him — one means of his great success. He 



REBELLION REGISTER. 155 

was gloomy, abstracted, and joyous ; ratlier humorous, 
by turns. I do not think he knew what real joy was 
for more than twenty-three years. Mr. Lincoln some- 
times walked our streets cheerily, good-humoredly, 
perhaps joyously, and then it was on meeting a friend, 
he cried, ' Howd'y,' clasping one of his friend's hands 
in both of his, giving a good, hearty soul-welcome. 

" Sometimes he might be seen wending his way to his 
office, to the court-room, or railroad depot, with his 
baggage, looking like a rail in broadcloth. Of a winter's 
morning he might be seen stalking and stilting it to the 
market-house, basket on arm, his old gray shawl wrapped 
around his neck, his little Willie or Tad running along 
at his heels, asking a thousand little, quick questions, 
which his father heard not — not then even knowing that 
little Willie or Tad was there, so abstracted was the 
father. When he thus met a friend, he said that some- 
thing put him in mind of a story which he heard in 
Indiana, and tell it he would, and there was no alterna- 
tive but listen. 

" Thus, I say, stood and walked this singular man. 
He was old, but when that gray eye and face, and every 
feature, were lit up by the inward soul in jfires of emo- 
tion, then it was that all these apparently ugly features 
sprang into organs of beauty, or sunk themselves in a 
sea of inspiration that sometimes flooded the face." 

Lincoln Cottnty, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish 
and Union defeat May 31, 1863. 

Linn Creek, Mo. — Major Wright, with one company 
of cavalry, made prisoners of the notorious Bill Robbins 
and 45 guerrillas, at this place, October 14, 1861. 

Lithonia, Ga., was occupied by Kilpatrick October 
21, 1864. 

Little Bethel. (See Big Bethel.) 

Little Blue, Mo. (See Kansas City.) 

Little River, N. C. — The fort here was captured June 
5, 1863. 

Little Rock, Ark. — The XJ. S. Arsenal at this place 
was surrendered February 8, 1861. Steele occupied the 
place September 10, 1863; the rebels retreated south, 
pursued by General Davidson. General Steele's loss was 
20 killed and wounded. At a Union meeting here, Octo- 



156 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ber 30, it was resolved that Arkansas should be a free 
State after the war. On January 6, 1864, Colonel Hall 
and a squad of rebels attacked Lieutenent Grebel and a 
detachmeat of the 3d Arkansas Cavalry, en route to Fort 
Smith, near this place. The rebels were routed, and 
Colonel Hall and 9 men captured. 

Little Santa Fe, Mo., was captured by 500 rebels 
November 6, 1861. The Union garrison, of 120 men, 
were all made prisoners. 

Little Washingfton, Va,, was the scene of a skirmish 
November 8, 1862. 

Little Washington, N. C, was evacuated by the 
Unionists April 28, 1864. 

Logan, John A., was born in Jackson County, Illi- 
nois, February 9, 1826. He entered the army in 1846 
as Second-Lieutenant of the 1st Illinois Volunteers, and 
served with credit in Mexico, returning home in 1848. 
He was the next year elected County Clerk, and ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1851, being elected the year follow- 
ing to the post of Prosecuting Attorney for the 3d Ju- 
dicial District, and later in the same year sent to the 
State Legislature. He was a Democratic elector in 1856, 
and cast his vote for Buchanan and the same year re- 
turned to the Legislature. In 1858 he was elected to 
Congress from the 9th District, and returned, in 1860, 
as a Douglas Democrat. He left the House during the 
Battle of Bull Run, and fought as a private with the 2d 
Michigan Regiment. He was appointed Colonel of the 
31st Illinois Regiment September 18, 1861, was promoted 
to Brigadier-General March 5, 1862, and to Major-Gen- 
eral, dating November 29 of the same year. He assumed 
command of the 3d Division of the 17th Army Corps in 
December. He was assigned to the command of the 
15th Army Corps October 27, 1863, and to the Army 
of Tennessee July 22, 1864. He was brave in the army, 
powerful on the stump or rostrum, and loyal always ; 
and no general was more loved than "John A." At the 
close of the rebellion he entered the diplomatic service. 

Logans Cross E-oads, Ky. (See Mill Spring.) 

Lone Lack, Mo. — A.t this place, 20 miles west of 
Lexington, on August 16, 1862, 800 Missouri militia, 
under Major Foster, were attacked by Colonel Coffee's 



REBELLION KEGISTER. 157 

guerrillas, numbering between 3,000 and 4,000. After 
a fight of four hours, the Federal forces were defeated, 
with a loss of 60 killed, and 100 wounded and missing; 
the rebels lost 110 killed and wounded. 

Long, Alexander, member of Congress from Ohio, in 
the course of debate, April 8, 1864, used language upon 
the floor of the House upon which the Speaker, Mr. 
Colfax, on the next morning, offered the following reso- 
lution : 

Resolved, That Alexander Long, a Kepresentative 
from the Second District of Ohio, having, on the 8th 
of April, 1864, declared himself in favor of recognizing 
the independence and nationality of the so-called Con- 
federacy, now in arms against the Union, and thereby 
"given aid, countenance, and encouragement to persons 
engaged in armed hostility to the United States," is 
hereby expelled. 

This resolution was freely discussed. During its 
pendency, Benjamin Q. Harris, a member from Mary- 
land, in his defense of Mr. Long, used language, upon 
which, the same day, Mr. Washburn, of Illinois, rising 
to a privileged question, offered the following reso- 
lution : 

Whereas, Hon. Benjamin G. Harris, a member of 
the House of Representatives of the United States, from 
the State of Maryland, has, on this day, used the fol- 
lowing language, to-wit: "The South asked you to let 
them go in peace. But no, you said you would bring 
them into subjection. That is not done yet, and God 
Almighty grant that it never may be. I hope that you 
may never subjugate the South." And whereas, such 
language is treasonable, and is a gross disrespect of this 
House; therefore, be it 

Resolved, That the said Benjamin G. Harris be expelled 
from this House. 

The vote was taken, and resulted yeas, 81 ; nays, 58. 
As it requires a two-thirds vote to expel a member, the 
resolution was lost. 

Mr. Schenck, of Ohio, then offered the following : 

Resolved, That Benjamin G. Harris, * * * having 
spoken words this day, in debate, manifestly tending 
and designed to encourage the existing rebellion, and 



158 REBELLION REQISTER. 

the enemies of this Union, is declared to be an unworthy 
member of this House, and is hereby severely censured. 

This resolution was adopted — yeas, 93 ; nays, 18. 

The resolution of Speaker Colfax was modified to read 
as follows : 

Resolved^ That said Alexander Long * ^ =^ be, and 
he is hereby, declared to be an unworthy member of 
the House of Representatives. 

It was then adopted — yeas, 80 ; nays, 69. The pre- 
amble was adopted — yeas, 78 ; nays, 63. 

Longview and Mt. Elba, Ark., were attacked by a 
small force under Colonel Clayton. The bridge over 
the Washita River was destroyed, 320 rebels taken pris- 
oners, and a large amount of stores captured and de- 
stroyed. 

Lookout Mountain, on the Tennessee and Georgia 
line, was the scene of a vigorous contest October 29, 
1863. The rebels attacked General Hooker's position, 
at Wauhatchie, near Lookout Mountain, at 2 A. M., 
but, after two hours' severe fighting, were repulsed, and 
driven across Lookout Creek. Hooker lost 350 officers 
and men, killed and wounded, and took many prisoners 
and 1,000 Enfield rifles. The position was abandoned 
by the Unionists on the 30th, and soon reoccupied by 
the rebels, who held it until November 25. 

General Grant directed an attack on the 24th, Bragg 
commanding the rebels. General Sherman, at daylight, 
crossed the Tennessee, at the mouth of the South Chick- 
amauga, and carried the north end of Mission Ridge; 
General Hooker moved up Lookout Valley, and turned 
the rebel left, formed line of battle, three miles in the 
rear, and moved to the assault; the fight lasted from 8 
A . M. to 5 P. M. ; the rebels were driven into their 
works at the summit of the mountain. Part of this 
battle was fought "above the clouds." 700 prisoners 
were captured. 

Next day Bragg abandoned Lookout Mountain, and 
General Hooker took possession. General Sherman 
made two unsuccessful assaults upon the rebel position 
in front; the rebels, massing heavily against him, weak- 
ened the center, perceiving which, General Grant, at 3 
o'clock, started two columns againgt the rebel center 



REBELLION REGISTER. 159 

and broke it; the main body was driven toward Sher- 
man, who opened on them, when they broke again, and 
fled in confusion toward Ringgold. In this battle, the 
divisions of Wood and Sheridan were ordered to carry 
the rifle-pits on the slope of the ridge, at all hazards, 
but so elated were they that they rushed on and 
carried the crest of the ridge, without orders. At 
5 P. M. the battle was closed. The Union losses in 
the capture of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge 
were about 500 killed and 2,500 wounded; rebel loss, 
2,000 killed and wounded, and 7,000 prisoners, 62 pieces 
of artillery, and 7,000 small arms. 

The rebels evacuated Mission Ridge in the night, re- 
treating easterly, closely pursued by the victorious 
Unionists. 

Lost Mountain. (See Kenesaw.) 

Louisiana. — The Grovernor of Louisiana, on Novem- 
ber 19, 1860, ordered an extra session of the State 
Legislature, which convened at Baton Rouge December 
10. They appropriated $500,000 to arm the State, and 
ordered the election of a State Convention, which met 
at the same place January 23, following, and on the 
26th adopted — 113 yeas to 17 nays — an ordinance of 
secession, which was submitted to the people and rati- 
fied— 20,448 for, and 17,296 against. The Confederate 
Constitution was ratified March 21 — 101 ayes, 7 nays. 

January 11, 1864, General Banks issued a proclama- 
tion, under the President's plan — one-tenth or more — 
for an election of civil oflScers of the State of Louisiana, 
to take place February 22, and for a convention to 
amend the Constitution of the State, to be held March 
28. The convention met April 6, adjourning July 25, 
meanwhile having framed a free State Constitution, 
which was submitted to the people, and by them, on 
September 5, adopted — 6,836 for, and 1,566 against »it. 

Lovettsville, Va., was the scene of a rebel repulse 
August 8, 1861. 

Low Creek, Va., was the scene of a rebel defeat June 
21, 1863. 

Lucas Bend, Mo., was, on September 10, 1861, the 
scene of a naval engagement between the United States 
gun-boata Connestoga and Lexington and two Confed- 



160 REBELLION REGISTER. 

erate gun-boats, assisted by a sixteen-gun battery on 
shore. The battery was silenced, and the gun-boat 
Yankee escaped capture by running under the guns of 
the battery at Columbus. 

Lucas Bend, Ky., was the scene of a spirited affair 
and Union victory September 26, 1861. 

Luray, Va., was occupied by Union troops, June 30, 
1862. Skirmishes occurred here September 21 and 24, 
1864. 

Lynchburg, Va., on April 11, 1865, surrendered to a 
lieutenant of Griffin's forces. Mackensie's brigade of 
cavalry were ordered to occupy the town. 

Lyon, Nathahiel, was, at the breaking out of the war, 
a captain in the regular army, commanding the arsenal 
at St. Louis, and May 6 refused the demand of the 
police commissioners to remove the United States soldiers 
to the arsenal. May 10 he captured a body of rebels 
at Camp Jackson, near the city. Being, by the removal 
of his superior officer, left in command of his depart- 
ment, he commenced operations against the " State 
troops" at Jefferson City. Governor Jackson fled at his 
approach, and he marched into the city June 15. General 
Lyon now moved on after the fleeing rebels, and on the 
I7th came up with and defeated them, occupying Boone- 
ville the same day. This place he left for the south- 
west July 3. (See Dug Spring.) He fell back to 
Springfield, before an advancing foe thrice his own num- 
bers. On the 9th of August, having ascertained that 
Ben McCullock, with about 22,000 Confederates was en- 
camped on Wilson's Creek, nine miles from Springfield, 
he moved against them with only 5,200 Union troops, 
mostly volunteers ; one column, under Colonel Sigel, 
marched fifteen miles in a southerly direction, for the 
purpose of turning the enemy's right flank. At 6 
o'clock the next morning, the battle commenced by an 
attack of the First Missouri Infantry on the Confederate 
camp. Fighting soon became general, and the enemy 
were driven back. At 9 o'clock they returned to the 
attack, and General Lyon, placing himself at the head 
of the 1st Iowa, whose officers had been disabled, was 
instantly killed by a rifle-ball in the breast. Major 
Sturgis now assumed command. Sigol's attack was pro- 



REBELLION REGLSTER. ICl 

greasing successfully; but supposing a rebel regiment, 
which was advancing, were reinforcements, he allowed it 
to approach too close, when its fire threw his advance 
into disorder, and he was driven back, losing five guns. 
At noon the enemy's camp was discovered on fire, sup- 
posed to be his own act. Major Sturgis finally fell back, 
in good order, to Springfield. The rebels made no pur- 
suit. The Union loss was 1,235 killed, wounded, and-?* 
missing. The Confederate loss was officially stated at 
421 killed and 1,300 wounded. 

Madison, Ga., was captured by General Sherman, and 
the depots and public buildings burned, November 19, 
1864. 

Madison C. H., Va.— On September 21, 1863, General 
Buford and Kilpatrick occupied Madison C. H. and 
Orange C. H., driving the rebels toward Gordonsville. 
The losses were 1 killed and 21 wounded ; 45 rebels 
were captured, and two days later the forces of Hampton 
and Jones were defeated near Madison C. H. Union loss 
small ; rebel loss, 50 killed and 85 prisoners. A spirited 
cavalry fight came off at the same place October 9. 

Madisonviile, Ky., was, on November 12, 1862, the 
scene of a rebel defeat, they losing 24 killed and 60 
prisoners. 

Madisonviile, La., was captured by the Unionists 
January 11, 1864. 

Mail. — The St. Louis and Memphis mail contract was 
annulled, and the mails stopped, May 14, 1861 ; all mail 
steamships on the coasts and rivers having any connection 
with the rebel States, were stopped on the 20th, and on 
the 24th all Southern mails were discontinued. 

Malvern Kill, Va.— After the battle of White Oak 
Swamp, the Unionists fell back to Malvern Hill, on July 
1, 1862, where they were assailed, while under cover of 
the gun-boats on James River. The Confederates were 
repulsed at all points. The loss in these battles is set 
down at 1,565 killed, 7,701 wounded, and 5,958 missing; 
total, 15,224. The rebel loss was never fully known, 
but was supposed to be fully 20,000. This was the last 
of the " seven days' fighting before Richmond." Gen- 
eral Hooker made a reconnoissance to Malvern Hill 
August 5, and had a fight of two hours with the rebels, 



162 REBELLION REGISTER. 

when tlie latter took their artillery and left, the former 
occupying the position, which he on the next night 
abandoned. 

Manassas, Va., was, early in the war, occupied by rebels, 
Beauregard assuming command there June 2, 1861. 
Union scouts, on March 10, 1862, ascertained that the 
rebels had evacuated the place, which was next day 
•occupied by the Union forces under McClellan. The 
rebel cavalry occupied the place August 26. They 
scattered the guard and destroyed the railway train and 
a large quantity of Government stores. From there, 
they advanced nearly to within cannon-shot of Wash- 
ington, and retired again, leaving Manassas in Unioa 
hands. A slight skirmish occurred here October 25. 

Manassas Gap, Va.— On July 23, 1863, 800 men of 
General Spinola's Excelsior Brigade had an engagement 
with Longstreet's rebels, with 17 pieces of artillery, 
near this place, and drove them from their position at 
the point of the bayonet. The rebel loss was about 500. 

Manchester, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmish June 
3, 1863. General Rosecrans occupied the place on the 
27th. 

Manitee, Fla., was occupied by Unionists August 4, 
1864. 

Mansfield, La. — A disastrous affair came off at Sabine 
Cross-roads, near this place, April 8, 1864. A heavy 
cavalry train of over 300 wagons, followed by a slender 
force of cavalry, which, contrary to all precedent, formed 
the advance of General Banks's expedition to Shreve- 
port, La., and far away from any infantry support, en- 
countered and were surrounded and easily captured by 
the rebels under General Dick Taylor. The Union force 
at this time numbered about 5,000. The rebels con- 
centrated their whole strength, numbering 10,000 men, 
and fairly hemmed them in, cutting them up very badly. 
The Union troops fell back quickly, and a shameful 
retreat, rapidly quickened to a rout, was apparent ; soon 
batteries and teams became deserted, and the utmost 
confusion and panic reigned, all rushing, helter-skelter, 
along the narrow roads to the rear, some mounted on 
artillery horses, some on wagon mules, with and without 
saddles or bridles. Most of the 13th Army Corps was, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 163 

by this time, terribly disorganized ; and wben driven 
some four miles, they encountered the 19th Corps, 7,000 
strong, he.ided by Banks and Franklin, who personally 
exerted tliemselves to stem the current, but without 
avail. The presence of this force somewhat checked the 
impetuosity of the victors, and enabled part of the train 
to be got off. It was then deemed expedient to fall 
back to Pleasant Hills, a distance of 12 miles, which 
was done in tolerable order. This continued all through 
the night. Twenty-four pieces of artillery, and several 
hundred dead and wounded, were left in the hands of the 
foe. It was charged that the Union Generals concerned 
in this affair paid too much attention to cotton, sugar, 
and politics, and too little to strategy and fighting. 
(See Pleasant Hills, La.) 

Maple Leaf.— On June 12, 1863, 90 rebel officers- 
prisoners — en route for Fort Delaware, in the steamer 
Maple Leaf, overpowered the crew and sent them below; 
they then steamed for the Virginia shore, 65 miles be- 
low Fortress Monroe, and made their escape. The 
vessel was secured by those below, after the escape of 
the rebels. 

Marais des Cygnes was the scene of a rebel defeat 
October 27, 1864. 

Mariatown, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish and 
rebel defeat September 17, 1861. 

Marietta, Ga., was invested by General McPherson 
May 30, 1864, who that day, after a three hours' skir- 
mish, captured 400 prisoners, some guns, small arms, 
and a train-load of rebel sick and wounded. Hooker 
and Schofield came up June 2. The place was occupied 
by the Unionists July 3. 

Marion, Va. (See Saltville Raid.) 

Markham, Va., was the scene of an engagement 
November 4, 1862. 

Marque and Eeprisal. — Orders were given by the 
Navy Department, April 21, 1861, to treat as pirates 
all persons sailing under letters of marque and reprisal 
from Jeff. Davis. 

Martinsburg, Va. — Forty-eight locomotives, valued 
at $400,000, belonging to the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road Company, were destroyed at this place, by the 



164 REBELLION REGLSTER. 

rebels, June 23, 1861. The rebels were defeated in a 
skirmish near this place July 2. General Banks occu- 
pied Martinsburg, without opposition, March 3, 1862, 
and in his retreat he reoccupied it May 25. The rebel 
cavalry were here defeated September 6. The rebels 
entered the town October 19, destroying the railroad, 
etc. (See Maryland and Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Maryland. — Governor Hicks refused to receive the 
Mississippi Commissioner December 19, 1860, and Jan- 
uary 6, 1861, published a strong Union address to the 
people, refusing to call a convention. May 15 he issued 
a call for four regiments of volunteers, in response to 
the President's demand. The Legislature, April 29, 
repudiated secession — the Senate unanimously, and the 
House by a vote of 53 to 15. 

The new Legislature was to have met September 17, 
and, from indications, were likely to aid secession. On 
the 13th, 13 of the members, two editors of secession 
newspapers, one member of Congress, and the Guber- 
natorial candidate of the secession party were arrested 
in Baltimore. This prevented their meeting, and, on the 
18th, 18 members, the Speaker, and Clerk were arrested 
at Frederick and sent to Fort McHenry. 

It was, on April 6, 1864, determined, by a large ma- 
jority, to call a constitutional convention on emancipa- 
tion. The convention met, and June 2-4 submitted an 
emancipation clause, which was ratified — 31,174 yeas, 
29,199 nays — -by the people, October 11. 

Maryland Heights. (See Maryland and Pennsylvania 
Invasion.) 

Maryland Invasion. — The beginning of September, 
1862, found Washington threatened, and the rebels push- 
ing toward the Upper Potomac. General Lee, with a 
large force, crossed into Maryland on the night of the 
4th, fording the Potomac near the mouth of the Mo- 
nocacy and at two or three other points. Frederick City 
was occupied on the 6th, the citizens making no demon- 
strations either of joy or grief. Hagerstown, Md., and 
Chambersburg, Penn., were threatened on the 7th, great 
excitement prevailing in both States. The rebels were 
defeated at Poolesville, Md., on the 8th, and the same 
day General Lee issued his celebrated proclamation to 



REBELLION REGISTER. 165 

tHe people of Maryland, stating they had come to " assist 
theni in regaining their rights." Governor Bradford 
called out the militia of Maryland. The excitement in 
Pennsylvania increased. The militia turned out in many 
places and prepared to resist the rebels. On the 9th, 
the 8th Illinois Cavalry and the 3d Indiana Cavalry, on 
their march to the Upper Potomac, had fights with the 
rebels at Monocacy Church and Barnesville. The rebels 
lost 8 killed and 15 prisoners; the Unionist had lost 
but one man, wounded. The same day, Middletown, Md., 
was occupied by the rebels, who conscripted the citizens 
for the rebel army. The rebels made an unsuccessful 
attempts on Williamsburg, Va. Stuart's cavalry were re- 
pulsed at Edwards's Ferry by General Keyes, with the 
loss of 90 men. 

General Lee evacuated Fredericksburg on the 10th. 
Westminster and Hagerstown were occupied by the 
rebels on the 11th, and Sugar Loaf Mountain and New 
Market by the Union forces. General Burnside occupied 
Fredericksburg, amid great enthusiasm, on the 12th. 
The position on Maryland Heights, opposite Harper's 
Ferry, held by the Unionists, was attacked on the after- 
noon of the 12th ; the fighting lasted till sundown. It 
was resumed next morning, and continued till 3 o'clock, 
when an order was received to spike the guns and re- 
move to the Ferry. (See Harper's Ferry, South Mount- 
ain, and Antietam.) 

For the invasion of 1863,* see Pennsylvania Invasion. 
Early's invasion occurred in July, 1864. 

Early, after defeating Hunter, at Lynchburg, on the 
18th of June, and being largely reinforced by Breckin- 
ridge and Rhodes, penetrated, unmolested, up the She- 
nandoah Valley, with about 20,000 troops. He came 
within sight of Martinsburg, July 2, which General 
Sigel abandoned on the 3d, without firing a gun. He 
retreated to Sharpsburg, Md. Vast quantities of quar- 
termaster's and commissaries' stores were left behind in 
the flight. At Leetown a slight skirmish took place, 
when some 30 of Sigel's men were wounded, and the 
rest sent flying toward the Potomac. On the 4th, Early 
had possession of all the country between Winchester 
and Williamsport. At 9 P. M., Sigel held Maryland 



166 EEBELLION REGISTER. 

Heights, Harper's Ferry having been evacuated by 
Colonel Mulligan's forces, who burned the iron trestle 
bridge over the Potomac. The roads were filled with 
pedestrians, on their way to Baltimore, with droves of 
cattle and wagons, carrying such goods and valuables 
as the owners had dared to pick up. The terror of the 
fugitives was humiliating, and their stories, of what 
they had seen and heard, extravagant. The panic was 
universal, and the region, for miles, became depopu- 
lated. 

On the 5th, President Lincoln made a call for 12,000 
Pennsylvania militia, 12,000 from New York, and 5,000 
from Massachusetts. Greneral Couch's head-quarters 
were at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, whither many of 
the Pennsylvania troops repaired, and General Wallace's 
at Baltimore. Hunter's forces were approaching the 
scene of action. The enemy were scattering in various 
directions, crossing the Potomac at several points, both 
below and above Harper's Ferry. A portion of Early's 
cavalry, under McCausland, accompanied by a battery, 
took possession of Hagerstown, on the 6th, and plun- 
dered the stores. They made a demand on the people 
for $20,000 and some outfits, all of which was quickly 
furnished. The Union forces had previously retired, 
and had marched to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, with- 
out once halting. Bands of the enemy occupied Wil- 
liamsport, Sharpsburg, and Boonsboro, Md., sweeping 
every thing before them, without resistance. 

On the 8th, another party of the enemy, under Ira- 
boden, again entered Hagerstown, and plundered the 
citizens, exacting contributions. Several buildings were 
burned. 

On the 9th, at sunrise, the rebels entered Frederick, 
General Lew. Wallace having evacuated the place the 
previous night. Early at once levied contributions on 
the authorities to the enormous amount of $200,000, 
which was immediately paid. He then moved out to give 
battle to Wallace, at Monocacy, four miles distant. At 
9 o'clock the engagement commenced. Ricketts's veteran 
division of the 6th Corps, who had just arrived from 
Petersburg, held the left of the Union line, where the 
brunt of the battle was most severely felt. Early's in- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 167 

fantry forded the stream which lay between the Unionists 
and his main forces, drove back Ricketts, and, by the 
aid of his heavy batteries, got in the rear of the Union 
right, where the hundred-days' men were posted. He 
here captured 600 raw troops. Wallace, thus outflanked, 
fell back rapidly toward EUicott's Mills, Early pursuing 
for several miles. Small portions of the rebels raided 
upon Westminster and Reisterstown, 16 miles from 
Baltimore. Both of these places were plundered. 

The excitement in Baltimore and Washington, on re- 
ceipt of the news of the defeat of Wallace at Monocacy, 
was intense. In the former place the alarm-bells were 
rung, at 6 o'clock, on the morning of the 10th, and the 
citizens were mustered for the defense of the city. A 
battalion of rebel cavalry dashed into Darnestown, 20 
miles from Washington, making a raid on the stables 
and stores, and again leaving for Frederick. The enemy 
continued to gather up horses, hogs, and sheep, sending 
all live stock across the Potomac, whose various fords 
they held by small cavalry forces. At Washington 
preparation was made by General Augur to resist attack, 
and, in addition to the ordinary forces, the marines, 
the home-guards, and a large body of Department em- 
ployes were called out. Meantime, the Union forces 
began to close in on the enemy's rear. General Couch's 
cavalry occupied Hagerstown on Saturday, and a part of 
Hunter's command took possession of Martinsburg. 
Small detachments of rebel cavalry operated, during 
Sunday, on the railroads and in the country from 10 to 
20 miles above Baltimore, but the main body moved 
down toward Washington. On the 11th, the enemy was 
chiefly occupied in plunder. Bridges were burned on 
the Northern Central road ; two trains were captured on 
the Philadelphia road, in one of which was Major- 
General Franklin, who was taken prisoner, but who 
afterward succeeded in effecting his escape ; and rail- 
road communication was suspended between Washington 
and the North. A large body of the rebels menaced 
Washington, and, toward evening, threatened Fort Stevens, 
on the Seventh Street road, about 7 miles from the 
capital. The rebel forces continued to invest Washing- 
ton, moving nearer to the city than on the 11th. Toward 



168 REBELLION REGISTER. 

evening, on the 12tli, the rebel sharp-shooterf? had become 
so aDDoying, and the fact of their presence at the 
National Capital so humiliating, that an attempt was 
made by General Augur to dislodge them. A brigade 
of veteran infantry was detached along the Seventh 
street road, and attacked and completely routed the 
enemy, who left about a hundred of their dead and 
wounded on the field, near Silver Spring. The Union 
loss was reported at about 200. This attack and success 
virtually ended the invasion. 

On the morning of the 13th there was no enemy to 
be seen in the vicinity. The body of the enemy's 
troops moved in force toward Edwards's Ferry. A 
large part of the Army of the Potomac moved toward 
the borders of Virginia, to give pursuit. Generals 
Wright, Ricketts, and Crook, with Averill's cavalry, 
commenced the pursuit (or, more properly speaking, 
the escorting) of the raiders, crossing the Potomac at 
Edwards's Ferry. On the 14th they leisurely marched 
to Leesburg ; the cavalry, coming upon their rear on the 
ITth, at Snicker's Gap, captured a small part of their 
plunder, the rebels burning a portion, which they could 
not save. At this place there was a sharp skirmish, 
which resulted in the enemy flying southward. On the 
18th they were found, holding the Shenandoah River, 
with two guns. 

After the Union infantry had crossed, at Island Ford, 
the rebels, under Breckenridge, charged with great vio- 
lence, and drove them back over the river, inflicting 
some loss. At Ashley's Gap the cavalry met with a 
similar repulse. The Union loss, in both engagements, 
was about 500, killed, wounded, and prisoners. Many 
of the wounded were left in the hands of the enemy, in 
the retreat. After this, Crook's command returned to 
Harper's Ferry, and Wright's went in the direction of 
Washington. On the 20th, Averill came up with Early, 
with 5,000 troops, near Winchester, where he gave them 
battle. The engagement lasted three hours, ending in 
the enemy withdrawing to his old intrenchments. Rebel 
loss, 300 killed and wounded; Union loss, about 250, 
killed, wounded, and missing. Here the Federal pursuit 
ended. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 169 

Early's second invasion gave rise to a similar scare 
and panic as in the early part of the month, with a repe- 
tition of the stories that 50,000 rebels had crossed the 
Potomac, that Washington was taken, and Philadelphia 
destroyed. In Maryland and Southern Pennsylvania a 
general exodus, of the most disorderly and hasty char- 
acter, set in, and continued for a week. However, all 
the stories of a vast force, under Breckenridge, about to 
menace Pittsburg and Philadelphia, and being already 
in Maryland, were found to be exaggerations. On the 
23d, Averill having been joined by Crook, after the 
disaster of the 18th, followed by the more fortunate 
affair on the 20th, was attacked by the enemy at Kerns- 
town, near Winchester, and was driven back. On the 
24th the rebels repeated their tactics, and pressed the 
Union cavalry to the rear, in great confusion, capturing 
a number of prisoners. General Crook had 8,000 men 
under his command, but the desertion of the cavalry 
obliged him to retreat. The force dispatched by Early 
was, undoubtedly, larger. The Unionists lost about 
1,300, in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The brave 
Colonel Mulligan, of Lexington (Missouri) celebrity, was 
killed. Some of the Union officers behaved in a very 
cowardly manner. General Hunter, a few days after- 
ward, dismissed thirteen for deserting their commands, 
and going to the rear with false reports. 

Early's cavalry followed the retreating army up to 
Martinsburg, where a brisk cannonading ensued, with 
Bome loss. He soon occupied the town. General Crook, 
who had succeeded, by this time, in getting most of his 
stores across the Potomac, fell back to Hagerstown, 
Maryland. 

The Union troops, rallying again on the 28th, at Mary- 
land Heights, where they had concentrated in their re- 
treat, ventured down to Harper's Ferry, and General 
Kelly reoccupied Martinsburg the same day. 

On the 30th a party of rebel cavalry, under McCaus- 
land, numbering about 230, crossed the Potomac at 
Williamsport, and, having driven off some Union troops, 
visited Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and demanded 
$500,000, with the alternative of burning the town. 
Their demands not being complied with, they quickly 
8 



170 REBELLION REGISTER. 

reduced three -fourtlis of the place to ashes. Nearly 
300 houses fell a prey to the flames. About two mil- 
lion dollars' worth of property was destroyed, and nearly 
3,000 people rendered homeless. At noon McCausland 
left the town, and succeeded in making his way back to 
his reserves, without hindrance. The same day Mosby, 
with 60 men, visited Adamstown, Maryland, drove off 
the cavalry pickets, robbed the stores, and retired. This 
adventure gave rise to the story of Early having been 
seen, with 50.000 men, menacing Baltimore and Phila- 
delphia. The fact is that no important leader of the 
rebels took part in this "second invasion of Maryland," 
and only about 2,000 cavalry were known to be detailed 
for the expedition. Crook's command made forced 
marches to reach the scene of action, but only arrived 
to find this small force far away in the Shenandoah 
Valley. 

The following is an estimate of the damage inflicted 
by the great raid, led by Breckenridge and Early, com- 
mencing on the 2d of July also by McCausland, with 
his few troopers, on the 28th and 30th : Philadelphia, 
Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, $107,000; North- 
ern Central Railroad, $100,000; Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad (this road being longest occupied), say, $400,- 
000; telegraph lines, $4,000; Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal, $150,000; Hartford County, $15,000; Baltimore 
County, $42,000; Carroll County, $10,000; Frederick 
County, $372,000; Washington County, $85,000; esti- 
mated value of supplies consumed and wasted, $100,000; 
food for horses, $25,000 ; damage to fences and farms 
(small), $250,000; four thousand cattle, at $30 each, 
$120,000; five thousand horses and mules, $600,000; 
sheep and hogs, $50,000; cash contributions levied, 
$230,000; burning of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 
$2,000,000; miscellaneous plunder from stores, $300,- 
000. Total, $4,960,000. 

Marysville, Tenn., was visited by guerrillas March 2, 
1864. 

Marysville, Va., was the scene of a skirmish October 
31, 1862. 

Mason, James M., of Va., and John Slidell, of La., 
the former Confederate envoy to Great Britain, the latter 



REBELLION REQIgTER. 171 

to France, on their way to Europe, in the British mail- 
steamer Trent, was taken therefrom, November 8, 1861, 
by Captain Wilkes, of the United States steamer Saa 
Jacinto. They were placed in Fort Warren, Boston 
Harbor. England demanded the unconditional surrender 
of these men, which was acceded to, and they were, De- 
cember 30, delivered to the British minister. 

Mattoon, 111. — A Copperhead riot broke out at 
Charleston, 111., March 29, 1864. Several men of the 
54th Illinois, who were there on a furlough, organized to 
resist the rioters and quell the disturbance. The roads 
were picketed; Charleston and Mattoon were garrisoned. 
The Copperheads were pursued, and about 30 prisoners 
taken. The next day the rioters mustered in a force 
estimated at 1,000 strong. Martial law was proclaimed, 
and the greatest excitement reigned. Four soldiers were 
killed, and 6 wounded ; 3 citizens were killed, 4 wounded, 
and 40 taken prisoners. 

Mayfield, Ky., was occupied by the Unionists Sep- 
tember 20, 1861. The rebels entered the town Novem- 
ber 2, 1863, robbed the citizens, plundered the stores, 
and destroyed the railroad. 

Maysville, Ark.— On October 22, 1862, General 
Blunt's command attacked 5,000 rebels at this place, 
and, after an hour's fight, completely routed them, wuth 
the loss of all their artillery and a portion of their 
equipage, and 150 killed and wounded. Union loss, 5 
killed and 9 wounded. 

Maysville, Ky., was captured by the rebels Septem- 
ber 11, 1862. On June 14, 1862, 300 rebel cavalry 
made a raid into the town, and took about $16,000 
worth of goods, paying therefor in Confederate money; 
they took also about .^4,000 worth of Government prop- 
erty. They were pursued, and next day defeated, losing 
all their plunder and 107 prisoners. 

McClellan, George B., was appointed Major-General 
May 16, 1861, and assumed command of the Federal 
forces in West Virginia June 20. July 22 he relin- 
quished this command to assume that of the forces on 
the Potomac, which he did August 20. He was, on 
November 1, placed as chief in command of the armies 
of the United States, in place of General Scott, retired. 



172 REBELLION REGISTER. 

He was relieved of this command, and appointed to that 
of the Army of the Potomac, March 11, 1862. On 
July 4 he issued an address to his army, congratulating 
them on their valor and endurance in having succeeded 
in changing their base of operations to James River, 
and promising them that they should enter the capital 
of the South, etc. 

He was, September 2, placed in command of the 
fortifications at Washington, and all the troops for the 
defense of the National Capital. On the 7th he left 
Washington, under orders to drive the rebels from 
Maryland, most of his force having preceded him, and 
on the 11th called for reinforcements. On the 16th and 
17th he fought the battle of Antietam (which see). 
Not moving fast enough to suit Halleck, the latter 
urged him, October 1, to cross the Potomac at once, 
and give battle to the enemy. The urging not being 
complied with, on the 6th he peremptorily ordered him 
to do so. (See Halleck.) He was removed from his 
command November 7, and arrived at Trenton, N. J., 
on the 12th. He had an enthusiastic reception at Bos- 
ton February 2, 1863, and at other places thereafter. 
The Chicago Convention nominated him as their candi- 
date for President, August 29, 1864. The rebels in 
front of Petersburg cheered this nomination September 
2. He resigned his commission November 8. 

McCook, General Robert L., while riding in an am- 
bulance, sick, and in advance of his troops, was brutally 
murdered, near New Market, Ala., by a band of guer- 
rillas, 100 or 200 strong. 

MeConnelsburg, Pa. (See Pennsylvania Invasion/) 

McCoy's Mills was the scene of a rebel defeat No- 
vember 14, 1861. 

McDonough, Ga., was occupied by Sherman Novem- 
ber 17, 1864. 

McDowell, Va. — Generals Milroy and Schenck, with 
nine regiments of Federal troops, had a battle with 
14,000 rebel troops, under General Jackson, at this 
place, May 8, 1862. The fight lasted from 6 to 9 P, 
M., when the Union troops fell back to Franklin, in 
good order. Union loss, 30 killed and 216 wounded; 
that of the rebels very heavy, but not definitely known. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 173 

McMinnville, Term., was captured by the Unionists, 
under General Reynolds, April 21, 1863. He took 130 
prisoners, and destroyed the depot buildings and a large 
quantity of military stores. Breckenridge's forces were 
defeated, with considerable loss, near this place, May 26. 
Wheeler, with 4,000 rebel cavalry, made an attack here, 
October 3, capturing the 4th Tennessee (Union) infantry, 
burning a train of cars and escaping. 

McPherson, Major-General James B., commanding 
the Army of the Tennessee, one of the ablest and most 
valorous of the Union commanders, was killed by a rebel 
sharp-shooter, July 22, 1864. He was shot through the 
lungs. 

Meade, Major-General J. G., succeeded General 
Hooker in the command of the Army of the Potomac 
June 28, 1863. (See Pennsylvania Invasion, and Grant's 
Keport.) 

Meadow Bridge, on the Chickahominy was destroyed 
by Kilpatrick May 4, 1863, and rebuilt May 12, 1864, by 
General Sheridan. 

Meagher, Brigadier-General Francis, formally took 
command of the " Irish Brigade," amid great enthusiasm 
February 5, 1862. He resigned his commission May 8, 
1863, taking leave of his command on the 19th, and on 
June 16 received the honor of the " hospitalities of New 
York. His history will be found in connection with many 
a battle, and always shows him brave and true. 

Mechanicsburg, Pa. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Mechanicsville, Va., was occupied a few hours, May 
23, 1862, by General Banks, in his retreat. A battle was 
fought here June 26, commencing at noon, by an attack 
of the rebel forces, commanded by General Lee, on Gene- 
ral McCalls division. It lasted till night, increasing in 
fury as it progressed, and was one of the hardest and 
most terrific battles of the campaign. The Union loss 
was 80 killed and about 150 wounded ; the rebel loss was 
reported at 1,000. The Unionists fell back to Gaines's 
Mills. 

Medway, Ky., was captured February 2, 1865, by 26 
guerrillas, who burned the telegraph office, robbed the 
stores, citizens, etc. 

Memphis, Mo.— On July 18, 1862, 400 Unionists, 



174 REBELLION REGISTER. 

under Major Clopper, defeated 600 rebels near this placi , 
losses heavy on both sides. 

Memphis, Tenn. — Part of the citizens held an enthu- 
siastic meeting December 20, 1860, to ratify the secession 
of South Carolina. On the 28th there was held an 
equally enthusiastic Union meeting. At a large gather- 
ing, on April 21, the American Flag was buried, with 
solemn ceremonies. 

A severe gun-boat fight occurred before the city June 
6, 1862. The firing commenced at daylight, and in less 
that two hours 4 of the enemy's gun-boats were disabled, 
and the other 4 in full retreat, followed by the Union 
boats, which captured 3 of them. The rebel flag-ship 
alone escaped. After the battle, the city was uncon- 
ditionally surrendered to the victors. 

Important expeditions left this place November 26 
and December 21. On August 21, 1864, a portion of 
General Forrest's raiders enter'^d Memphis, on a dash, 
robbed a few stores, took a f^w prisoners, and as hastily fled. 

Meridian, Miss., was captured by Hurlbut's corps of 
Sherman's army February 14, 1864. 

Merrimac, a rebel iron-clad (see Hampton Roads), 
was blown up by her commander, off Crany Island, May 
11, 1863. 

Massella, N. M., was the scene of a skirmish and 
Union victory, August 3, 1861. 

Metley's Ford, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmish 
November 5, 1863. 

Metropolis, 111. — A band of guerrillas attempted to 
cross the river at this point, January 16, 1865, but were 
dispersed by a gun-boat. 

Middlebury, Va., was occupied by Colonel Geary, 
the rebels retreating precipitately after a short skirmish. 
There was a cavalry skirmish near this place January 
27, 1863, and also on June 17; the rebels defeated both 
times. 

Middle Fork Bridge, near Buchannon, Va., was the 
scene of a Union defeat, July 6, 1861. 

Middleton, Tenn. — Stokes's cavalry surprised a rebel 
camp at this place, 15 miles from Murfreesboro, killing 
10 of them, and capturing 100 prisoners, with all their 
camp and equipage, February 2, 1863. The Unionists 



REBELLION REGISTER. 175 

made a raid upon the town April 22, and a rebel camp 
was again broken up May 21. 

Middletown, Md., was occupied by tbe Unionists, after 
driving out the rebels, September 13, 1862. 

Middletown, Va., was the scene of skirmishing, and a 
rebel defeat, June 12, 1863, and of Meade's flanking Lee, 
July 7. 

Milford, Mo. — General Pope's forces surprised the 
enemy's camps near this place December 18, 1861, and 
succeeded in capturing many prisoners and large amounts 
of stores, ammunition, etc. About 2,500 prisoners were 
taken in three days. 

Mill Creek, Va. (See Romney.) 

Milledgeville, Ga., was occupied by General Howard 
November 20, 1864. The State Legislature had fled two 
days before. 

Millerstown, Penn. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Milliken's Bend. (See Vicksburg.) 

Mill Spring. (See Somerset, Ky.) 

Millsville, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish July 16, 
1861. 

Milton, Fla., including the extensive salt-works there, 
was destroyed, and a number of prisoners captured, by 
the Federals, October 26, 1864. 

Milton, Tenn., was the scene of a battle March 20, 
1863. The Union forces, 1,323 strong, with 2 pieces of 
artillery, under Colonel Hall, were attacked by 3,800 
rebels, under John Morgan. Hall fell back to a com- 
manding position on Vaught's Hill. After a furious 
fight of four hours, the rebels retreated in confusion, 
leaving their dead and wounded. Rebel loss, 50 killed, 
150 wounded, and 100 prisoners. Colonel Hall lost 7 
killed and 31 wounded. 

Mingo Swamp, Mo., was the rendezvous of a band 
of guerrillas, of whom 9 were killed and 29 wounded in 
an action February 3, 1863. 

Missionary Ridge. (See Lookout Mountain.) 

Mississippi. — The Legislature, on November 29, 1860, 
voted to send commissioners to confer with the author- 
ities of the other slaveholding States on the question 
of secession. A State Convention assembled at Jackson 
January 7, 1861, and, two days later, passed a secession 



176 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ordinance — 81 ayes, 15 nays. Her Representatives with- 
drew from the House on the 12th. 

The Governor, on March 22, called for the organized 
militia of the State, and the Convention, on the 30th, 
ratified the Confederate Constitution. 

Mississippi Springs, Miss., was captured by General 
Grant 3Iay 13, 18(53. 

Missouri. — The Legislature, January 16, 1861, ordered 
& State Convention. 

Governor Jackson refused, April 18, to furnish troops 
for coercion, and, August 5, issued a paper declaring the 
independence of Missouri. 

A Provisional Government was established by the 
Union authorities June 18. A Union State Convention 
met at Jeflerson City July 22, and on the 30th declared 
vacant the offices of Governor, Lietenant-Governor, and 
Secretary of State, by a vote of 56 to 25. The seats of 
the members of the Legislature were also declared vacant. 
The State officers and a majority of the Legislature were 
secessionists. The next day they elected Hamilton R. 
Gamble, Governor; Willard P. Hall, Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, and Mordecai Oliver, Secretary of State — all Union 
men. August 30 the State was declared under martial 
law. General Rosecrans, on June 29, 1864, ordered the 
raising of enrolled militia to put down the guerrillas in 
the State. 

A Free State Constitution was adopted January 11,1865. 

Mitchell's Fork was the scene of a brisk action and 
rebel defeat March 27, 1865. 

Mobile, Ala., was blockaded May 27, 1861; notwith- 
standing which, it was a place of resort for contraband trade 
during the rebellion, especially before the capture of Fort 
Morgan. August 22, 1864, the bombardment of this 
fort was opened from the fleet and the land batteries ; 
next morning it surrendered, with 600 men, 60 guns, 
ammunition, etc. 

Operations were commenced against the city March 8, 
1865. On the 11th two rebel shore batteries were 
silenced, and the day following General Maury issued 
a proclamation announcing the attack upon the city, and 
ealling upon " every body to help defend it." On the 
18th Colonel Moore's brigade landed at Cedar Point, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 177 

General Benton's division at Mobile Point, and the day 
following A. J. Smith's corps occupied Danby's Mills, 
on the east of the bay. The fleet continued the bom- 
bardment. Spanish Fort was captured by assault April 
8. With it was taken 25 officers, 540 men, 5 mortars, 
and 24 guns. Blakely, near the city, with 2,500 pris- 
oners and 20 guns, was next day surrendered. The 
rebels began to evacuate Mobile on the 10th. Forts 
Huger and Tracy were abandoned on the 11th, and the 
day following Canby's troops occupied the city, without 
resistance. 

Mobs were of frequent occurrence, both North and 
South, during the rebellion. Newspaper offices at the 
North, conceived to be in sympathy with secession, or, 
at the South, with Union, were very frequently destroyed 
Drafting for the rebel army at Nashville caused a seri- 
ous riot December 6, 1861. A mob at Elizabethtown, 
N. J., attempted to " shut up " Beecher during a lecture 
January 6, 1863 ; they did not do it. A serious bread 
riot occurred at Richmond, Va., April 2, 1863 ; one at 
Mobile September 4, and one at Savannah April 17, 
1864. (See Boone County, Holmes County, Mattoon, 
Morgan County, New York Riots, Vallandigham.) 

Monitor, the iron-clad gunboat from which the gen- 
eral name originated, was launched at New York Jan- 
uary 30, 1862, from whence she sailed February 27, 
(see Hampton Roads,) and foundered south of Cape 
Hatteras December 31. 

Monocacy. (See Maryland Invasion.) 

Monroe Station, Mo., was the scene of a skirmisli 
July 10, 1861. 

Monteith, Ga., was occupied by Sherman's left wing 
December 11, 1864. 

Monterey, Tenn., was the scene of a slight engage- 
ment April 29, 1862. 

Monterey, Va., was the scene of a skirmish April 
12, 1862. 

Montgomery, Ala. (See Alabama.) 

Monticello, Ark. — A force of Union troops belonging 
to Steele's army engaged the rebels, numbering 1,000, 
at this point, March 30, 1864, and routed them, cap- 
turing a quantity of arms, wagons, and horses. 
8* 



178 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Monticello, Ky., was captured by General Carter, 
after driving out the rebels, May 1, 1863. A brisk 
skirmish was fought here May 31, in which the rebels 
lost 16 prisoners. Near this place, on June 10, after 
two hours' fighting, the rebels were defeated. Union 
loss, 30 killed and wounded ; rebel loss unknown. 

Moore, La., was captured, the rebel camp and depot 
destroyed, and the rebels routed. May 15, 1863. 

Moorefield, Va., was occupied by Unionists, and a 
guerrilla camp there broken up, February 12, 1862. 
The rebels were defeated near this place November 9. 
Imboden and Jenkins's rebel cavalry attacked Colonel 
Washburne at this place January 3, 1863 ; the fighting 
continued all day, and was renewed next morning, when 
the rebels were driven six miles. Imboden, with 12,000 
men, attacked Major Stevens, with 300 men, at this place 
September 5. Stevens fell back to Cumberland, without 
loss. In a skirmish near Moorefield, on the 11th, the 
rebels were repulsed, with a loss of 15 killed and 150 
captured. Colonel Mulligan overtook Early's rebel 
forces at Moorefield February 4, 1864, and, after six 
hours' fighting, drove them from the town. Harry Gil- 
more's camp of guerrillas was broken up, and the leader 
captured, at this place, February 5, 1865. 

Morehead City, N. C, was taken possession of by 
General Parke April 23, 1862. 

Morgan County, Ind., was the scene of an anti-draft 
riot January 31, 1863. It was speedily quelled. 

Morgan, G. W. (See Cumberland Gap.) 

Morgan, John, a noted rebel cavalry General and 
guerrilla, whose daring, dashing raids, and extreme 
cruelty, was the terror of all within his power. His in- 
vasion of Indiana and Ohio was, perhaps, his most noted 
raid. On July 7, 1863, he was reported at Bardstown, 
Ky., moving toward Louisville, where the excitement 
was intense, and the defenses against him limited. On 
the 8th, with 4,800 men, 5,000 horses, and 4 guns, he 
crossed the Ohio in two captured steamers, one of which 
was burned, the other released. The Home-guards of 
Leavenworth disputed his passage, but were overpowered 
by superior numbers. They lost % killed, and 15 pris- 
oners; the rebels lost 3 killed and several wounded. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 179 

Corydon^ Ind., surrendered to him on tlic Olh, when he 
marched upon Seymour^ burning the depot aud destroy- 
ing the railroad there. He occupied Selem on the 10th. 
He burned the depot, tanks, etc., and destroyed the rail- 
road. A portion of his forces occupied Greenville and 
Paoli, then Vienna, where he burned the railroad bridge 
and tore up a portion of the track. Lexington and Paris 
were also captured. The excitement extended through- 
out the State. The stores at Indianapolis were closed, 
and the militia ordered out. On the 11th, 20,000 armed 
men paraded the streets. A portion of the rebel force 
on the 12th demanded the surrender of North Vernon, 
which was refused. General Love, of the Indiana Legion, 
marched to its relief, when Morgan decamped. Colonel 
Gavin's militia regiment overtook Basil Duke's detach- 
ment at Sunman's, when a fight ensued, which resulted in 
Duke's retreat ; losses unknown. On the 13th he made 
his way into Ohio, burning and destroying bridges and 
railroads in his way. He crossed the Big Miami and 
burned the bridge. Fearing the rebels, martial law was 
declared in Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport. He 
reached Williamsburg and Batavia, Ohio, on the 14th. 
At Miamiville he destroyed the Little Miami Railroad, 
and fired into an accommodation train and burned the 
cars. At Loveland he destroyed 50 Government wagons. 
He occupied Georgetown, Ohio, on the 15th, on which 
day the State militia was pouring into Camp Chase. 
He captured Piketon on the 16th. He was closely pur- 
sued by Union forces under Generals Judah, Shackelford, 
and Hobson. He was, on the 17th, surrounded near Gal- 
lipolis, but managed to cut his way through with a small 
portion of his force. Colonel Runkle had a three hours' 
fight with him near Berlin, Ohio ; three rebels were 
killed. 

The day following he retreated toward Bealesville, 
where about 300 of his men managed to cross the river 
before the arrival of the gun-boats. More infantry 
coming down the river, he was immediately surrounded. 
About 1,500 managed to escape to near Buffington 
Island, a few miles above Pomeroy, Ohio, where Gen- 
erals Hobson and Judah came up with him, about 
9 o'clock. They immediately commenced an attack. 



180 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Morgan made two attempts to cross the river, but was 
prevented by the gun-boa.ts. In the fight which en- 
sued the rebels lost 40 men killed and their artillery; 
the balance escaped. Basil Duke and a brother of 
Morgan were cjtptured. 

On the 20th, General Shackleford, near George's Creek, 
brought Morgan to a stand, and had a fight of an hour, 
when Morgan and a small squad fled, the balance surren- 
dering. He was checked by the militia, near the Muskin- 
gum, on the 23d, but managed to escape, with loss of 15 
killed and several wounded. General Shackleford cap- 
tured him and the balance of his force, near New Lisbon, 
Ohio, at 3 P. M., on the 26th. Morgan previously had a 
fight with Major Way and 250 of the 9th Michigan Cav- 
alry, and lost 240 men. Seeing his hour had come, he 
surrendered to Captain Beckwith, of the militia, on 
condition of his parole ; but General Shackleford com- 
ing up, refused to acknowledge the condition, and took 
Morgan into custody. 

Morgan and Duke, with 28 others, were confined in 
the Ohio Penitentiary, from which Morgan and six of 
his officers escaped, on the night of November 28, by 
undermining the walls. They were received by their 
sympathizers, and Morgan finally made his escape south- 
ward. 

He crossed the Tennessee River at Gillespie's Land- 
ing, 60 miles from Chattanooga, December 12. 

Morgan was killed, his staff captured, and his forces 
badly cut up and routed, by General Gillem, at Green- 
ville, East Tennessee, September 4, 1864. 

Morgan Raid. (See John Morgan.) 

Morgantown, Ky. — The rebels attacked the Union 
camp at this place October 31, 1861, but were repulsed, 
with considerable loss. In a skirmish here October 24, 
1862, 16 rebels were captured. 

Morgan's Bend, on the Mississippi, was the scene of 
a brisk engagement September 29, 1863; General Dana 
attacked the rebels, but fell back, losing several hun- 
dred killed and wounded, and 1,500 prisoners. The 
rebels then assumed the offensive, and the gun-boats 
had to be called in to check their advance. 

Morris Island. (See Charleston.) 



REBELLION REGISTER. 181 

Morristown, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmisli De- 
cember 1, 18G1. 

Mound City, Ark., was burned by the Union forces 
January 15, 18G3. 

Mount Airy. (See Saltville Raid.) 

Mount Crawford, near Piedmont, Virginia, was the 
scene of a battle between General Hunter and Con- 
federate General W. E. Jones, which resulted in a 
Union success, June 5, 1864. The rebels lost Jones, 
killed, 1,300 prisoners, three pieces of artillery, and 
3,000 stand of small arms. The balance were scattered 
toward Waynesboro and Charlottesville. 

Mount Elba. (See Longview, Arkansas.) 

Mount Gilead, Va., was attacked by rebel cavalry, 
and 35 Federals captured, November 10, 1862. 

Mount Jackson, Va., was occupied by General Banks 
April 17, 1862. 

Mount Sterling, Ky., was attacked by the rebels, 
who were repulsed by the home-guards, July 29, 1862. 
In their retreat they were met by a party of volunteers, 
who drove them back toward the town, where they were 
again beaten by the guards, who took all their horses 
and 48 prisoners. 

The rebel Colonel Cluke, with 800 men, surrounded 
the town March 20, 1863. The Union garrison threw 
themselves into the houses and fought for four hours, 
but were finally compelled to surrender. Rebel loss, 22 
killed and wounded; Union loss, 3 killed and wounded. 

The rebels held the town ten days, when they were 
driven out, burning most of the business houses before 
their retreat. General Burbridge defeated John Morgan 
at this place June 8, 1864. 

Mount Zion, Mo., was the scene of an engagement 
December 28, 1861, between 450 troops, under General 
Prentiss, and 900 rebels, under Colonel Dorsey. 150 
rebels killed and wounded, and 35 prisoners; Union 
loss, 3 killed and 11 wounded. 

Mulligan, Colonel. (See Lexington, Missouri.) 

Mumford, W. B., was executed at New Orleans, June 
7, 1862, for hauling down the U. S. flag from the mint 
building, after it had been placed there by the Union 
soldiers. 



182 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Mumfordsville, Ky.— In a fight near this place De- 
cember 17, 1861, the rebels lost 33 killed — including 
Colonel Terry, commanding- — and 50 wounded. Union- 
ists lost 9 killed and 16 wounded. The rebels attacked 
the town with artillery September 14, 1862. The en- 
gagement lasted seven hours, during which time they 
were repulsed five successive times. Fighting continued 
on the 15th and 16th, and it surrendered on the 17th. 
About 4,000 prisoners, 4,000 stand of arms, and a quan- 
tity of stores were surrendered to the rebels. The town 
was reoccupied by Union troops, the rebels being driven 
out on the 21st. 

^urfreesboro, Tenn., was, on July 13, 1862, captured 
by General Forrest; $30,000 worth of property was de- 
stroyed. General Crittenden and Acting General Duf- 
field were taken prisoners, together with the whole gar- 
rison. Loss heavy on both sides. 

General Rosecrans, finding that the rebel army mani- 
fested a feeling of security, and had weakened their force 
somewhat by expeditions to various parts of the State, 
left Nashville December 26, in three columns, under 
Thomas, McCook, and Crittenden, and came up with the 
rebels on the 29th, near Stewart's Creek, and drove 
them back to their intrenchments, which was advan- 
tageously situated on Stone River, three miles from 
Murfreesboro. Supposing the rebels were retreating, 
Barker's brigade, of Wood's division, was ordered across 
the river, but were met by a heavy fire from a regiment 
in ambush. Harker held his fire until within short 
range, when he fired and charged, driving the rebelji 
back upon their main body, Breckenridge's division. 
Finding the force in front too strong, the brigade was 
recalled. On the 30th there was considerable fighting 
and maneuvering for position, the Union forces pressing 
forward and constantly gaining ground. At dawn on 
the 31st, Hardee advanced noiselessly, in heavy columns, 
against the right wing, commanded by McCook. Kirk's 
and Willich's brigades first felt the shock, and stood their 
ground for awhile, but were finally compelled to yield 
to overpowering masses. Kirk was wounded and Willich 
taken prisoner. The rebel forces, in about an hour, 
routed the whole right wing, and drove them back nearly 



REBELLION REGLSTER. 183 

four miles, capturing 28 pieces of artillery. The plan 
of battle was defeated. The left wing, which had com- 
menced its advance, was halted. Beatty's and Fyife's 
brigades, with Rousseau's division from the reserve, were 
sent to reinforce the right. A new line was formed ; 
and Rosecrans, massing the artillery in the center, com- 
pletely checked them, when the rebels broke and fled. 
The battle raged fiercely for ten hours, General Rose- 
crans freely exposing himself during the whole fight. 
During the progress of this fight, Wheeler's rebel cavalry, 
3,000 strong, with two guns, attacked Colonel Innis's regi- 
ment of Michigan engineers and mechanics, who had been 
posted at Lavergne to protect communications. They were 
repulsed in seven distinct charges, when they withdrew. 

During the night. General Rosecrans, at Murfreesboro, 
readjusted his line of battle, preparatory to another 
attack next day. The army bivouacked on the field. 
During the day there was heavy skirmishing, but no 
general engagement, the enemy throwing out small bodies, 
as if to feel a weak point. On the 2d of January the 
rebels had massed their columns against the left, and, at 
3 o'clock P. M., they advanced in three heavy columns, 
battalion front; advancing to within 100 yards, they 
were met by a heavy fire from the left, now reinforced, 
and the artillery being massed. In forty minutes the 
rebel column broke and fled, losing 2,000 men; General 
Rains among the killed. Skirmishing continued on the 
3d, and became so annoying that General Rosecrans 
ordered the corps commanders to clear their fronts. 
Rousseau's division was ordered to dislodge the rebels, 
which they did. The rebels retreated in the night, 
abandoning the town, which General Thomas's corps ad- 
vanced and occupied on the morning of the 5th. The 
Union loss in the whole fight was officially stated at 92 
officers killed, 384 wounded; 1,441 men killed, 6,861 
wounded, and 3,000 taken prisoners. The rebel loss is 
estimated at 14,560 killed and wounded. The Union 
force engaged was 43,400 men ; the rebel force was es- 
timated at 62,520. Altogether this was one of the most 
fierce and bloody battles of the war, and exhibited the 
superior generalship and tenacity of General Rosecrans. 
The victory eff'ectually cleared Middle Tennessee of the 



184 REBELLION REGISTER. 

rebels, and saved it and Kentucky from a formidable 
invasion. On the 9th General Halleck issued a special 
order " thanking General Rosecrans and his army for 
their gallant conduct and victory over the rebels at 
Murfreesboro. Several skirmishes occurred here during 
1863, and the rebels were repulsed near this place Sep- 
tember 1, December 5, 6, and 15, 1864. 

Mustang Island, Texas, was captured by General 
Banks November 18, 1863, and with it a rebel fort, a 
company of artillery, and a squadron of cavalry. No 
Union loss; one rebel wounded. 
Napoleon, Ark. (See Arsenal.) 
Napoleon, Emperor. (See Neutrality.) 
Nashville, Tenn., was evacuated by the rebels Feb- 
ruary 23, 1862. Before leaving, they destroyed both 
bridges across the Cumberland River, and committed 
great depredations on the property of the citizens. The 
town was occupied by the Union advance, under Gen- 
eral Nelson, on the 25th. The Mayor, on March 3, 
issued a proclamation, calling upon all citizens to return 
and resume their business, under the protection of the 
Federal authorities. 

The rebels invested the town October 11, and skir- 
mishing continued until the 21st, when they were tem- 
porarily driven back. On December 10 they appeared 
in force, and drove in the Union pickets. Unimportant 
skirmishes were of occasional occurrence until November 
30, 1864, when, after the battle of Franklin, the Union 
army fell back to Nashville, where Thomas was rein- 
forced by General A. J. Smith's forces. Hood followed 
Thomas, and laid siege to the town, throwing up earth- 
works. After a number of skirmishes, a battle was 
fought on December 13, resulting in about 1,000 killed 
and wounded on each side ; over 1,000 prisoners, 16 
guns, and several battle-flags fell into Union hands. No 
ground positively gained or lost. Firing was kept up 
next day, and on the 15th the Unionists were formed 
ready for action by 6 A. M. The enemy was surprised 
at the offensive operations. The different commanders 
of corps made a simultaneous attack on the enemy's 
whole line, drove him from his position, capturing 1,200 
prisoners, 16 pieces of artillery, several thousand small 



REBELLION REGISTER, 185 

arms, and 40 wagons. The Union loss was unusually 
light. Hood's killed were left on the field. Next day 
General Tbomias's forces continued in pursuit toward 
Franklin to Hood'& lines, formed during the night, at 
Overton's Hill, about 5 miles south of Nashville. His 
lines were assaulted at 3 P. M., and, after some hard 
fighting, they were broken, and the enemy fled precipi- 
tately, losing about 3,500 prisoners — over 200 being 
officers — 40 pieces of artillery, and thousands of small 
arms. Hood again abandoned all his dead and wounded. 
The pursuit was continued several days. 

Natchez, Miss., surrendered to Commander Palmer, 
of the "Iroquois," May 13, 1862. Rebel attacks upon 
the place were repulsed December 6, 1863, and January 
23, 1864. The rebels, on the latter date, captured 30 
prisoners, 60 wagons and teams, 80 negroes, and a lot 
of cotton. 

Katdiitoches, La., was occupied March 30, 1864, by 
General A. L. Lee, the rebels retiring with a loss of 30 
men. 

Neosho, Mo. — A battle was fought at this place 
April 26, 1862, between Major Hubbard (Union) and 
146 men of the 1st Missouri Cavalry, and 600 In- 
dians, under Colonels Coffee and Stainwright, resulting 
in the defeat of the Indians. Thirty Indians were 
killed, 62 taken prisoners, and a large quantity of stores 
captured. 

Neutrality.— Queen Victoria, May 13, 1861, issued a 
proclamation, enjoining neutrality in the contest between 
the North and South. December 4 she prohibited the 
exportation of gunpowder, niter, nitrate of soda, brim- 
stone, lead, and fire-arms. 

Emperor Napoleon's Neutrality Proclamation was re- 
ceived in the United States June 24. 

January 31, 1862, Queen Victoria declared her pur- 
pose to adhere to the duties of neutrality. Notwith- 
standing the proclaimed neutrality, and the order 
forbidding the export of war materials, the rebels con- 
tinued, from the first, to receive from British subjects 
all the arms, ammunition, clothing, accoutrements, guns, 
war-vessels, etc., that they could pay for, either iu cat- 
ton or gold. 



186 REBELLION REGISTER. 

New Albany, Ark., was, on October 5, 1863, the 
scene of a brisk cavalry skirmish. 

Newark, Mo., was surrendered to the rebels, after a 
three hours' fight, August 1, 1862. Union loss, 4 
killed and 5 wounded; rebel loss, about 100 killed and 
wounded. 

New Baltimore, Va., was occupied by the Unionist? 
November 5, 1862, the rebels retreating toward Warren- 
ton. In a skirmish June 20, 1863, the rebels were vic- 
torious. 

Newbem, N. C, after a heavy fight, was evacuated 
by the rebels and occupied by the Federal forces, March 
14, 1862. The rebels, 10,000 strong, were behind strong 
intrenchraents, two miles in extent, defended by 21 guns 
in position, besides a large quantity of field artillery. 
The batteries were taken one after another; the rebels 
fled, taking cars in the direction of Goldsboro. 46 heavy 
siege-guns, 3 light batteries, and 3,000 stand of small 
arms were among the prizes which fell to the victors. 
The Union loss was 90 or 100 killed and about 400 
wounded. 

A severe but undecisive skirmish occurred here April 
27. Important Union expeditions left this point, which 
was made a base of supplies, April 17, June 25, Novem- 
ber 2, and December 10. The last one, under General 
Foster, was absent eight days, during which time, it lost 
between 200 and 300 men. It fought four battles, and 
had numerous skirmishes along the Neuse River and 
railroad track. The battles of Goldsboro and Whitehall 
were splendid victories. A body of 4,000 rebels attacked 
Newbern, November 25, but were forced to retreat in 
disorder. A like attack, with like result, occurred March 
13, 1863. Important raids left this point March 8, April 
5, July 3, and October 10. Early on the morning of Feb- 
ruary 1, 1864, the rebels, said to be 15,000 strong, at- 
tacked the Union outposts at Bachelor's Creek, 8 miles 
from Newbern; the Unionists fell back before superior 
numbers, destroying their camp, a few stores, and losing 
20 or 30 killed, and 200 captured; a section of artillery, - 
300 small arms, and a quantity of material were also lost. 
At the same time the rebels advanced on the south side 
of the Trent River, but were handsomely repulsed, los- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 187 

ing 35 killed and wounded. The rebels next morning 
loiiowed up the attack, capturing and destroying the 
Union gun-boat Underwriter. Attacks were made upon 
the place, February 7, 29, and May 10, all of which were 
repulsed. The town was fired by incendiaries in several 
places April 1, 1865, but little harm was done. 

Ne-wburg", Ind., was entered July 18, 1862, by John- 
son's band of guerrillas, who robbed the citizens and hos- 
pital, and committed other depredations. 

New Creek Valley, Va., was the scene of an engage- 
ment February 1, 1864. The rebels were defeated and 
driven two miles. 

New Iberia, La., was occupied, and the rebel camp 
there broken up, November 19, 1863. 

New Lisbon, 0. (See John Morgan.) 

New Madrid, Mo. (See Island No. 10.) 

New Market, Va., was the scene of skirmishes Nov- 
ember 29 and December 22, 1861. The Unionists sur- 
prised and defeated on the latter date. The place was 
occupied by General Banks April 17, 1862. 

General Sigel, with 5,000 men, was badly repulsed at 
Hood's Mills, near New Market, May 15, 1864. He acted 
contrary to orders, in moving against Imboden, Echols, 
and Breckenridge. The enemy had an equal number of 
men, and drove the Union commander, in much disorder 
from the field. He lost in the engagement, and in the 
retreat to Strasburg, 30 miles distant, 800 men, killed, 
wounded, and missing, besides 6 guns and 1,000 small 
arms ; he burned the most part of his train to prevent 
it falling into the hands of the foe. 

Newnan, was the scene of a defeat to McCook's forces 
July 30, 1864. 

New Orleans, at an early stage of the rebellion, de- 
clared against the Union. December 21, 1860, 100 guns 
were fired, and the Pelican flag raised as an indorsement 
of the secession of South Carolina. The Branch Mint 
and Custom-house were seized by the State authorities 
January 31, 1861. The city was blockaded by the sloop of 
war " Brooklyn," May 26 ; and September 18, the banks 
suspended specie payments, (See Farragut and Butler.) 

In the fall of 1863, the rebels held several secret 
meetings, with a view of handing the city over to the 



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190 REBELLION REGISTER. 

rebels were driven back; loss, about 200 killed and 
wounded on each side. 

Occoquan, Va., was occupied, and 31 Union soldiers 
captured, December 19, 1862, and nearly tbe same thing, 
with like result, repeated on the 27th. 

Ocean Queen, a California steamer, was the scene of 
a conflict. May 16, 1864, between some rebels, disguised 
as pirates, and the crew. The rebels made an attempt 
to capture the vessel. Their leader was shot by Com- 
mander Ammen, and the rest ironed. 

Okolona, Miss., was occupied by the Unionists Feb- 
ruary 13, 1864. 

Old Church, Va., near Richmond, was the scene of 
driving in the Union pickets June 13, 1862. 

Olive Hill, Ky., was the scene of a defeat to John 
Morgan October 3, 1862. 

Opelika, Ala., was occupied, great quantities of hard- 
ware, cotton, tobacco, etc., destroyed, and the public 
warehouses burned, by the Union forces, undjr Rous- 
seau, July 19, 1864. 

Opelousa, La., was occupied by Banks's forces April 
20, 1863. 

Orange C. H., Va., which was occupied by two regi- 
ments of rebel cavalry, was taken by a party from Pope's 
army, August 2, 1862. Rebel loss, 11 killed, 52 pris- 
oners; Union loss, 2 killed and 3 wounded. 

Orangeburg, S. C, was occupied by Sherman's forces 
February 8, 1865. 

Orange Grove, Fla., was occupied by the Union col- 
ored troops March 26, 1863. 

Orange Springs, Va., was occupied by Stoneman 
April 29, 1863. 

Order of American Knights, alias "0. A. K's." — 
During the spring of 1864, many rumors concerning 
this body were circulated in the country. June 28, 
General Carrington, commanding in Indiana, reported to 
Governor Morton on the existence of such a body. 
About the latter part of July arrests were made at In- 
dianapolis, St. Louis, New York, and some other places. 
Fire-arms were seized and confiscated, and three men, at 
Indianapolis, sentenced to be hung, which sentence was 
commuted to life imprisonment, in the Ohio Penitentiary. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 191 

Orleans, Ind. (See John Morgan.) 

Osceola, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish September 
25, 1861. 

Owensboro, Ky., was attacked by guerrillas Septem- 
ber 19, 1862. The Colonel commanding the Unionists 
was killed, when the forces retired. Next day the rebels 
were driven out by the Spencer (Indiana) Home-guards 
with great loss. The home-guards had two men killed 
and 18 wounded. 

Ozark, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish August 2, 1862, 

Faducah, Ky., was taken possession of by General 
Grant, with two regiments, in the face of 4,000 rebel 
troops, September 6, 1861. The city was attacked, 
March 25, 1864, by Forrest, who soon drove the small 
Union force holding the place to the fort below the 
town. Forrest then demanded its surrender, and threat- 
ening, in the event of his storming the works, that he 
would extend no quarter. Colonel Hicks refused, and 
successfully resisted four separate assaults. Later in 
the day, three Union gun-boats arrived in the river, and, 
after a warm contest, drove the rebels out of the town. 
During the shelling of the gun-boats, the cowardly For- 
rest collected a number of women and children, and 
placed them in an exposed position, immediately in 
front of his lines; several were killed and wounded. 
A portion of the town was burned by the fire from the 
gun-boats, in all about 50 buildings. Colonel Hicks 
burned some buildings within range of the little fort. 
The cannonading continued until 10 o'clock. Before 
the gun-boats arrived the rebels sacked the town. The 
Union loss, in killed and wounded, numbered 80; the 
rebels sustained a somewhat greater loss. 

Palmetto Station, 25 miles south of Atlanta, was 
occupied by General McCook July 28, 1864. He de- 
stroyed five miles of railroad, cars, supplies, etc. 

Palmyra, Mo., was burned by the Union gun-boats 
March 4, 1863. 

Paintsville, Kj., was captured from the rebels, under 
Humphrey Marshall, by the Unionists, under General 
Garfield, January 7, 1862. 

Panther Springs, Tenn. — A body of rebels, under 
Major Geforth, attacked a picket of 93 men of the 3d 



192 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Tennessee, at this place, March 4, 1864. A desperate 
running fight ensued, th« rebels being repulsed; loss 
slight on both sides. 

PapinsYille, Mo., then held by a large force of Con- 
federates, was attacked September 21, 1861. The rebels 
lost 40 killed, 100 prisoners, and all their camp equi- 
page. The place was burned by the Kansas Volunteers 
December 13. 

Faratta, N. M., was the scene of a rebel defeat April 
23, 1862. 

Paris, 111. (See Mattoon.) 

Paris, Ky., was the scene of a Union victory July 
30, 1862, Six companies of the 9th Pennsylvania Cav- 
alry, after a march of two days and nights, overtook 
Morgan's guerrillas, drove in his pickets, and captured 
the town. Rebel loss, 27 killed, 30 wounded, and 9 
prisoners. The rebels were repulsed here July 29, 1863. 

Paris, Tenn. — At this place, March 12, 1862, the 
Unionists defeated a body of rebels, and took possession 
of the town, but learning that a large force of rebels 
were within a short distance, they retired. 

Paris, Va., was the scene of a skirmish October 29, 1862. 

Parksville, Mo., was sacked by guerrillas July 8, 1864. 

Parsons. (See Canada Raids.) 

Pascagoula, Miss., was captured April 10, 1863, by 
Colonel Daniels, with 900 colored troops. They next 
day drove off a large force of rebels, killing 20 and 
wounding a large number. 

Pass Christian, Miss., was held by Union forces 
April 4, 1863. 

Passports. — On April 19, 1861, the Secretary of 
State ordered that all persons leaving or entering the 
United States shall be possessed of a passport. On 
August 8, 1862, notice was given that no passports 
would be issued until the quota of troops should be 
filled. 

Patapsco. (See Charleston.) 

Patterson, Mo., was the scene of an indecisive skir- 
mish April 20, 1863. 

Patterson Creek, Va. — On June 26, 1861, Corporal 
Hays, and 12 men of the 11th Indiana Zouaves, at- 
tacked and routed 40 Confederate cavalry near this 



REBELLION REGISTER. 193 

place, killing 8 men and capturing 17 horses. The 
Confederates, being reinforced by about 70, resumed the 
attack, but were met with such firmness that 23 of them 
fell. Five hundred rebel cavalry captured a company 
of Union troops, near this place, January 2, 1862. The 
prisoners were retaken, and the cavalry routed, next day. 

Pawpaw, Teun., was the scene of the capture of a 
squad of Unionists November 10, 1861. 

Payne. (See Herold.) 

Peace Conference. — The rebel Vice-President, A. H. 
Stephens, Senator R. M. T. Hunter, and Judge Camp- 
bell came, as Peace Commissioners, within Grant's lines 
January 30, 1865. They were taken to Fortress Mon- 
roe, where they were met by President Lincoln and 
Secretary Seward. Their exchange of views was full 
and free, but no agreement was made, and the parties 
separated to continue hostilities. 

Peace Resolutions were numerous during the war, 
especially in 1863, and during the campaign of 1864. 
They were, almost without exception, monopolized by 
those styling themselves Democrats. Some of the more 
prominent of them were those of the New Jersey Leg- 
islature, passed March 18, 1863 — 38 ayes, 13 nays; those 
of the New York Democracy, expressing sympathy with 
Vallandigham, passed May 15, 1863 ; those of the 
Philadelphia Democracy, for the same purpose, passed 
June 1, 1863; those of the Brooklyn "peace party," 
June 12, 1863; those of the Chicago Convention, Au- 
gust 29, 1864. 

Peach Orchard. — The battle at this place and Savage 
Station was fought June 29, 1862. After the battle of 
the Chickahominy, the Confederates still pressed on the 
Union troops, who reserved their fire until the rebels 
were within close range, when they fired, with terrible 
efi'ect. Greneral Burns's brigade of Sumner's corps, bore 
the hottest of the fight. Sumner held the rebels in 
check until night. 

Peach Tree Creek, Ga. (See Atlanta.) 

Pea Ridge, Ark. — A battle was fought at this place, 

commencing March 6, 1862, between the rebels (about 

35,000), under McCulloch, and the Federals (about 

22,000), under Curtis. The rebels commenced the attack 

9 



194 REBELLION REGISTER. 

on the riglit wing of tlie Union army, pursuing General 
Sigel's rear guard to the main lines on Sugar Creek; 
but, about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the tlnion rein- 
forcements coming up, the rebels withdrew, and the 
action ceased. Both armies slept on their arms during 
the night. Next day, at 11 o'clock, the rebels attacked 
the right of the Union lines. The fight was heavy here 
during the day. and the losses severe; General McCul- 
loch fell mortally wounded. On the morning of the 8th, 
at sunrise, firing was renewed by the center and right 
of General Curtis's forces. The fire was replied to with 
great energy by the whole rebel line. General Curtis 
ordered the center and left wing forward — the left turn- 
ing the right of the enemy. A charge was then made 
by the whole line, which resulted in the complete rout 
of the rebel forces, and their flight through the deep 
defiles of Big Sugar Creek. The Union loss in this 
battle was 212 killed, 926 wounded, and 174 missing; 
rebel loss, 1,100 killed, 2,400 wounded, 1,600 prisoners, 
and 13 guns. 

Pennsylvania Invasion. — Lee commenced his move- 
ment up the Rappahannock June 12, 1863, preparatory 
to his march into Pennsylvania. His forces were esti- 
mated at 90,000 to 100,000. The rebel rear left Fred- 
ericksburg on the 13th. The same day there was 
skirmishing at Edward's Ferry and Middleton, Pa. 
General Milroy, at Winchester, Va., was, on the 14th, 
nearly surrounded by 18,000 men, under General Ewell, 
who carried his outer works. The rebels advanced on 
Martinsburg, and demanded its surrender, which General 
Tyler refused. An artillery fight followed, after which 
General Tyler retreated to Harper's Ferry. General 
Milroy, at 1 o'clock P. M., on the 15th, evacuated Win- 
chester, first spiking his guns ; four miles out he was 
compelled to cut his way through. He lost about 2,000 
men, 3 batteries of artillery, 6,000 muskets, 280 wagons, 
etc. The same day President Lincoln called out 100,000 
men for six months. Governor Curtin, of Pennsylvania, 
called out 50,000 militia to repel the threatened invasion. 
Jenkins's rebel cavalry entered Chambersburg at 9 P. 
M.; they burned the railroad bridge at Scotland, six 
miles from Chambersburg. The rebels occupied Har- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 195 

per's Ferry. General Tyler retreated to Maryland 
Heights, and shelled them out, when they retreated to 
Wiliiamsport. Colonel Smith was surrounded by the 
rebels at Hagerstown, and, after fighting an hour and a 
half, was compelled to surrender. 

17th. — 2,000 rebel cavalry advanced 11 miles beyond 
Chanibersburg, in the direction of Harrisburg, and the 
Federals evacuated Frederick, Md. 

18th. — Harrisburg, Penn., was fortified. Jenkins's cav- 
alry evacuated Chambersburg at 1 P. M. The rebels 
captured and burned a train of 23 cars at Point of Rocks, 
Md., and carried off the passengers. Hagerstown was 
occupied by General Rhodes and 3,000 Confederates. 
General Lee occupied Thoroughfare Gap. 

19th. — Jenkins plundered McConnellsburg, Penn., and 
drove off $12,000 worth of cattle. 

20th. — General Schenck called on the citizens of Bal- 
timore to rally to the defense of the city. Baltimore 
appropriated ^100,000 for the defense of the city. 

21st. — The rebels fortified Hagerstown, and a force 
of their cavalry reached Gettysburg. 

23d. — Pittsburg was fortified. 

24:th. — The rebels occupied Chambersburg 

25th. — There was a skirmish at McConnellsburg, PenD.; 
the Unionists retired before superior numbers. The 
Union forces, being insufiicient to hold it, evacuated 
Carlisle. 

26th. — Gettysburg was occupied by Early's division, 
and General Rhodcs's division occupied Chambersburg. 

27th. — General Meade succeeded General Hooker in 
command of the Army of the Potomac. The rebel army 
occupied Carlisle, Penn.; the advance of their army 
reached Kingstown, 13 miles from Harrisburg. General 
Lee at Chambersburg. 

28th, — Great excitement throughout Pennsylvania on 
account of the rebel invasion. In Philadelphia all 
business was suspended, and drilling took its place. 
Mechauicsburg and York. Penn., occupied by rebels. 

29th. — The rebel troops tore up the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad at Sykesville, and the Northern Central, 
from Galesboro to York, 16 miles. Fight at McCon- 
nellsburg ; rebels defeated, losing 3 killed and 33 pris- 



196 BEBELLION JtEGISTER. 

oners ; Union loss, 2 wounded. Greneral Lee and staff 
were at Carlisle. The 1st Delaware (Union) Cavalry 
were chased to within five miles of Baltimore. They 
fought with sabers and revolvers, until, overpowered by 
superior numbers, they were scattered ; 15 out of 110 
reported at Baltimore. 

30th. — General Pleasanton's cavalry drove the rebels 
from Gettysburg and occupied the place. General Early 
issued an address to the people of York, saying ihat he 
abstained from firing the depot buildings, as it would 
endanger the whole town, and he did not wish to punish 
the innocent with the guilty. He afterward evacuated 
the place. The rebel army, 40,000 strong, with 40 
pieces of artillery, left Carlisle for Gettysburg. The 
Army of the Potomac occupied York and Hanover, thus 
cutting the rebel lines. General Schenck declared martial 
law in Baltimore city and county, and the counties on 
the western shore of Maryland. The response to his 
appeal for public defense was prompt and enthusiastic. 

July 1. — Fight at Carlisle, Penu. The rebels were 
gradually driven back, and our forces occupied the town. 
The rebels afterward returned and demanded the sur- 
render of the town, which being refused, they com- 
menced to shell it. During the fight they made a 
detour and burned the barracks, gas-works, several 
lumber yards, and private buildings. Union loss is 
stated at 10 wounded. Rebel loss, not known. Cavalry 
fight at Hanover, Penn., lasting nearly all the afternoon. 
Union loss, about 200. Rebel loss, 400 killed, wounded, 
and prisoners, and six pieces of artillery. 

The battle of Gettysburg opened at 9 A. M. this 
morning by an attack on the 1st and 11th Corps, by the 
rebels under Longstreet and Hill; the 1st Corps being 
in advance, sustained the whole shock until the other 
came up. The fight was severe, and attended with 
heavy loss. Major-General Reynolds was mortally 
wounded. 

Next day (the 2d) the rebels attacked the Union 
lines at 4 P. M., but, after a severe contest, were re- 
pulsed at all points ; upward of 6,000 prisoners reported 
taken. 

The 3d was the fiercest of the three days' fight. The 



REBELLION REGISTER. 197 

rebels attempted to turn Meade's left flank, but were 
repulsed, losing 3,000 prisoners. The fighting was most 
furious, and the slaughter terrible ; the loss in officers 
on both sides was heavy. The rebel loss was estimated 
at 2,-439 killed, 14,580 wounded, and 6,235 prisoners 
taken. The Union loss is set down at 14,000 killed and 
wounded. 20 battle-flags were taken by one corps. 

The town was occupied by General Meade on the 4th. 
He issued a congratulatory letter to his army, thanking 
them for the glorious results of the recent operations, 
and telling them he looked to them for yet greater 
eflforts. This virtually ended the invasion, General Lee 
now being in full ipetreat. 

General Kilpatrick captured and burned, near Hagers- 
town, Md., nearly 300 wagons of Ewell's train, and ran 
ofi" the horses. 

5th. — The rebels retreated to Chambersburg and 
Greencastle, Penn., abandoning their dead and wounded. 
Jeff. Davis's dispatches to Lee intercepted. Davis said 
he could not reinforce Lee, and ordered his return to 
Richmond. 

6th. — General Pleasanton occupied the mountain 
passes near Chambersburg, impeding Lee's retreat. 
Battle near Mercersburg, Penn., between Fitzhugh Lee 
and General Pierce. General Gregg, of Pleasanton's 
cavalry, had a fight with the rebels at Fayetteville, Penn., 
taking 4,000 prisoners. Lee retreated toward the Poto- 
mac, his army utterly routed ; Meade in close pursuit. 
The Potomac commenced rising, damaging the rebel pon- 
toon bridges. His army reached Hagerstown on the 
7th. Up to the 9th he had lost over 500 wagons, and 
his losses were continual and heavy until the 14th, when 
he crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and Falling 
Waters. The Union cavalry, under Kilpatrick, captured 
1,500 prisoners, 3 battle-flags, a section of artillery and 
a lot of small arms belonging to Lee's rear guard. 

Pensacola. (See Fort Pickeus.) 

Perryville, Ky. (See Chaplin Hill.) 

Petersburg, Va. (See Richmond and Grant's Report.) 

Petty' s Mills, N. C. — A rebel camp, near this place, 
was surprised May 5, 1863, and 14 men, 36 horses, and 
the whole camp captured, without loss. 



198 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Philadelphia, Tenn., was occupied by the rebels, and 
Colonel Woolford's wagon train and battery captured, 
October 21, 1863. 

Fhilomont, Va. — General Pleasanton's cavalry over- 
took the rebels at this place November 1, 1862, and, 
after a short skirmish, the rebels fell back to Union. 
The fight was renewed next morning, when the rebels 
were compelled to abandon the ground in confusion, and 
with heavy loss. Union loss, 12 killed and wounded. 

Phillippi, Va., was occupied, and the rebel camp 
there dispersed, June 19, 1861. A guerrilla band cap- 
tured and burned 13 of a train of 26 wagons, on the 
road near this place, August 27, 1863, and ran off the 
horses and mules. 

Piedmont, Va., was occupied by a rebel force June 
20. 1861. The place was occupied by Union cavalry 
November 3, 1862. Major Cole's Maryland cavalry had 
a skirmish with Mosby's cavalry at Piedmont, February 
20, 1864, and took 17 prisoners, including 3 officers; 5 
were killed, and a number wounded ; tlnion loss, 2 
killed and 2 wounded. 

Pikeville, Ky., was occupied, and 78 Union troops 
taken prisoners, April 15, 1863. 

Pilatka, Fla., was occupied by Federal troops March 
10, 1864. 

Pilot Knob, Mo., was occupied, after driving out the 
rebels, October 16, 1861. On September 26, 1864, Gen- 
eral Ewing repulsed a charge of the enemy at Pilot 
Knob, killing rebel General Cabell. General Ewing 
afterward blew up the fort and retreated. 

Pine Bluff, Ark., was the scene of a rebel repulse 
October 28, 1863. Near this place, on April 25, 1864, 
a superior force of rebels, under Drake, attacked 200 
wagons and 4 guns, a portion of General Steele's train, 
which, with the escort, nearly 2,000 nien, were captured. 

Pine Mountain. (See Kenesaw.) 

Piney Factory, Tenn. Lieutenant-Colonel Shively, 
with the 1st Middlft Tennessee Infantry, attacked Haw- 
kins's guerrillas, at this place, October 30, 1863, and 
routed them, pursued them to Centerville, where they 
made a stand, and were again defeated. The rebel loss 
was 20 killed and Q6 wounded. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 199 

Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. — Two gun -boats of Com- 
modore Foote's fleet eagaged the rebel batteries at this 
point March 1, 1862. The batteries were reinforced, 
and three regiments of infantry opened on the gun-boats, 
but were driven back with great slaughter. Union loss, 
5 killed and missing, and 5 wounded; rebel loss, about 
20 killed and 200 wounded. In a skirmish April 4, the 
rebels lost 40 killed and 10 prisoners; Union loss, 1 
killed. (See Shiloh.) 

Platte City, Mo., was the scene of a spirited engage- 
ment November 2, 1862. The town was fired, and the 
principal houses burned December 16. The city was 
taken by Thornton's guerrillas July 26, 1865. It was 
garrisoned by 70 "Pawpaw" militia, who surrendered 
without resistance ; 55 of whom joined the enemy. 

Plattsburg, Mo., was the scene of an undecisive 
skirmish, October 27, 1861. 

Pleasant Hill, Mo., was the scene of an engagement 
between the State militia and a band of guerrillas July 
11, 1862; guerrillas defeated. 

Pleasant Hill, La. — After the engagement at Mans- 
field (which see). General A. J. Smith and the 16th 
Corps were formed in line of battle, at this place, April 
9, 1864. The disorganized and more intact portions of 
the army had arrived the evening previous, after their 
severe repulse. At 4 o'clock, P. M., they received the 
onslaughts of Dick Taylor's forces, who, in the early 
part of the fray, gained ground, steadily driving the 
Union troops. General Smith, who showed undoubted 
evidence of personal bravery throughout the day, ma- 
neuvered into more favorable positions than he had pre- 
viously held, and toward evening rallied his men, and 
succeeded, by some well-directed assaults, in routing the 
over-confident foe, with much loss. Their discomfiture 
was only a little less disastrous than that of the Union- 
ists the day before. The Union Generals, however, did 
not consider themselves strong enough to hold the field, 
so fell back to Grand Ecore. General A. J. Smith 
covered himself with glory, and literally saved Banks 
from annihilation. There was over 6,000 men killed 
and wounded, on both sides, in the battles of the 
8th and 9th. The rebels lost heavily in prisoners, 



200 REBELLION IWUGISTER. 

besides Ex-Governor and General Moreton and Parsons 
killed. 

Plymouth, N. C, was attacked September 2, 1862, 
"by 1,400 rebels. After fighting about half an hour, 
the rebels fled, having lost 30 killed and 40 prisoners. 
The Unionists lost 3 killed. The town was nearly all 
destroyed by the rebels December 10. Five thousand 
rebels, with 15 guns, aided by the ram Albemarle and 
four gun-boats, made an attack on this place April 17, 
1864. The ram sunk the United States gun-boat White- 
head, of 3 guns. At the same time, a land attack was 
made on Fort Gray ; three assaults were repulsed, with 
some loss to the attacking party. The Federal gun-boat 
Miami, Captain Flusser, the Ceres, and the Bombshell, 
got under weigh for Fort Gray, but, before reaching 
there, they were attacked by the artillery, which they 
soon drove from their position. Next morning the ram 
Albemarle floated down the river, and was under the 
bows of the Miami before she was discovered. Captain 
Flusser fired his bow-gun, loaded with shell, which 
rebounded, killing him instantly. The Miami turned, 
ran down the river, and escaped. The ram then at- 
tacked and sunk the Southfield, captured the Bombshell, 
and dropped down to Plymouth, holding command of 
the river, and threatening the garrison holding Fort 
Gray. The 19th was a day of comparative quiet, but, 
on the morning of the 20th, the rebels assaulted Fort 
Y/illiams, and, after a violent storm, it was captured. 
The rebel gun-boats rendered ample assistance in re- 
ducing the place. Union loss, 200 killed and wounded, 
and 1,500 prisoners; rebel loss, 100 killed and wounded. 

The place was captured by the Unionists October 31. 
After a severe shelling from the fleet, 100 men were 
landed, and stormed Fort Bateman, capturing 200 pris- 
oners, 40 pieces of heavy and 12 pieces of light artil- 
lery ; a magazine v>as exploded by a shell, and the town 
fired by the explosion. 

Pocahontas, Ark., was occupied, and 100 rebels, in- 
cluding Jeff. C. Thompson and staff, captured, April 22, 
1863. 

Pocotaligo, S. C, was the scene of a skirmish May 
29, 1862. The Union forces attempted to gain posses- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 201 

sion of the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, at this 
point, October 22. The railroad bridge was destroyed, 
but the rebels being strongly reinforced, the position 
could not be held. Union loss, 30 killed, 180 wounded, 
and 3 missing. A grandson of J. C. Calhoun was killed 
by a scouting party at this place November 23, 1863. 
The town was occupied, and the rebels there driven out 
or captured, by Sherman's forces, January 15, 1865. 

Pohick Church, Va., was occupied by 400 Unionists 
October 4, 1861. 

Pohick Run, Va., was the scene of an indecisive skir- 
mish January 9. 1862. 

Point of Rocks, Md., was the scene of a skirmish 
August 5, 1861. The rebels attempted to build fortifi- 
cations opposite this place, but were driven back, No- 
vember 14. The Union forces were victorious in a 
brisk engagement here December 19. 

Point Pleasant, Mo., was, on March 9, 1862, occupied 
by Federals, thus cutting the communication between 
New Madrid and the main Confederate army down the 
river. 

Point Pleasant, Va., was captured by 100 rebels 
March 30, 1863. They were subsequently driven out, 
with a loss of 19 killed and 15 prisoners. Union loss, 
2 killed and 3 wounded. 

Polk, Trusten, of Mo., was expelled from the United 
States Senate January 10, 1862. 

Pollard, Ala., was occupied by Union forces Decem- 
ber 16, 1864, the railroad destroyed, and public build- 
ings burned, etc. General Steele defeated a rebel force 
near this place March 25, 1865, mortally wounding and 
taking Clauton, their commander, capturiqg 250 pris- 
oners, seizing two railway trains, and tearing up the 
Montgomery Railroad track. 

Pollocksville, N. C. — An expedition from Newbern 
encountered 1,800 rebels at this place January 17, 1863, 
and drove them from the town and took possession. A 
number were wounded on both sides. 

Pomeroy, Ohio. (See John Morgan.) 

Pontachoula, La., was occupied by Union troops 
March 24, 1863. The combined forces of white and 
Indian rebels were defeated here May 13. 
9^ 



202 REBELLION- REGISTER. 

Pontotoc, Miss., was occupied hj A. J. Smith's forces 
July 11, 1864. 

Poolesville, Md., was the scene of a fight September 
8. 1862. Rebels defeated, losiug 7 killed; Uuion loss, 
1 killed and 8 wounded. November 25, 60 Confederate 
cavalry crossed the Potomac and captured and paroled 
two telegraph operators at Poolesville. (See Pennsyl- 
vania Invasion.) 

Pope, Major-General John, was assigned to the com- 
mand of the Army of the Mississippi December 7, 1861, 
where he did gallant and noble service, clearing Mis- 
souri of Price and his forces. In connection with Foote, 
he invested and captured Island No. 10. While in 
pursuit of the rebels, after the battle of Shiloh, he was 
called to Washington, June 26, 1862, and July 14 as- 
sumed command of the Army of Virginia, and issued 
his famous orders, discarding the idea of maintaining 
lines of retreat and base of support. On the 23d he 
ordered the arrest of all disloyal male citizens within 
the lines of his command. A retaliatory order was 
issued by the rebel Government, August 1, and General 
Pope and his officers declared not to be entitled to the 
privileges of prisoners of war. His campaign was sig- 
nally a failure, and September 8 he was relieved of his 
command, and assigned to that of the Army of the 
North-west. 

Porter, D. D., was, soon after the outbreak of the febel- 
lion, placed in command of the steam sloop-of-war, Pow- 
hatan, ranking No. 77 in the list of commanders. After 
a short time in the blockading service, he was called to 
take charge of the Mortar expedition. For a his- 
tory of his service, see Forts Jackson and St. Phillip, 
Vicksburg, Port Hudson, etc. He now bears rank 
as Rear- Admiral. 

Porter, Fitz John, by gallant service, won the rank of 
Major-General of volunteers. September 6, 1862, Gene- 
ral Pope preferred against him charges of insubordina- 
tion. He was dismissed the service January 22, 1863. 

Port Gibson, Miss. — Early on the morning of May 1, 
1863, Grant's forces met the rebels about four miles from 
Port Gibson. Here the roads branched and ran along 
narrow, elevated ridges, with deep ravines on either side, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 203 

the rebels occupying both branches in strong positions. 
On the right the Unionists drove the enemy steadily all 
day. On the left the rebels held their ground until 
nearly night, when they retreated, to make no further 
stand south of Bayou Pierre. On the road leading to 
Port Gibson the rebels were pursued until nightfall, 
when the troops slept upon their arms until daylight. 

This was called the battle of Port Gibson, or of 
Thompson's Hills. The rebel loss was very heavy, and 
the Union loss was about 850 in killed and wounded. 
The contest had been a bloody one, but the results as- 
sured the capture of Port Gibson and the evacuation 
of Grand Gulf. 

The next morning McClernand's advance entered Port 
Gibson, the enemy having retreated, burning the bridge 
over Bayou Pierre. 

Port Hudson, La., was bombarded March 14, 186.S. 
Admiral Farragut passed the batteries with a portion 
of his fleet. The Mississippi was grounded and burned 
by the rebel batteries. Of her crew 22 were killed and 
42 taken prisoners. Little more was done until May 8, 
when the bombardment was renewed; no reply was 
elicited until the 10th, when the rebel batteries were 
silenced. A division of General Banks's army. May 21, 
had a nine hours' fight with the rebels on the Bayou 
Sara road, four miles in rear of Port Hudson. The 
rebels were defeated, losing 1,000 prisoners and a large 
number of killed and wounded left on the field. They 
retired within their intrenchments. Union loss, 12 killed 
and 60 wounded. The place was invested May 26, and 
the attack made next morning, by an assault on the rebel 
works in rear, and the bombardment by the fleet in 
front. The outer line of works was taken, but with a 
loss of between 2,000 and 3,000 men. The 2d Louisiana 
(colored) Regiment lost 600 out of 900 men. 

The bombardment continued, with frequent skirmish- 
ings, until June 14, when General Banks made a partially 
successful attack. He gained a position within 100 
yards of the fortifications. He lost 700 men killed and 
wounded. Finally, after two months' siege, the place 
surrendered July 8. 5,500 prisoners, 2 steamers, 60 
guns, 5,000 small arms, 150,000 rounds cartridges, and 



204 REBELLION REGISTER. 

44,800 pounds of cannon-powder were among the cap- 
tures. 

Port Republic, Va., was the scene of a battle June 9, 
1862. After a severe engagement, the Federals were 
forced to retire, with the loss of 2 guns and a large 
number of killed and w^ounded. 

Port Royal, S. C. — The Union fleet, after several days 
preparation and reconnoitering, made an attack on Forts 
Walker and Beauregard, commanding the entrance to 
Port Royal harbor, November 9, 1861, and after a five 
hours' fight the forts surrendered. The action is repre- 
sented as most valorous, and the destruction by shells 
from the fleet terrible. The Union loss was 8 killed 
and 23 wounded. Rebel loss, heavy. The rebels fled, 
leaving behind them all their private property. 

The islands adjacent were occupied by Union forces, 
and the work of cotton-picking on the plantations com- 
menced December 11. Skirmishes occurred near here 
January 2, 5, 26, and August 29, 1862, in the last of 
which a rebel battery was captured. The rebels oper- 
ating in 8 large flatboats attempted to capture the Union 
pickets at Jenkins Island, Port Royal harbor, March 19, 
1864, but were driven off. 

Port Royal, Va. — The Union gun-boats having been 
fired upon by the rebel batteries in front of Port Royal, 
Va., shelled the town, and destroyed a number of its 
best buildings, December 10, 1862 ; the batteries, after a 
two hours' engagement, were silenced. Union loss, 2 
killed and 4 wounded. An artillery duel came ofi" here 
September 1, 1863. 

Potosi, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish and rebel 
defeat May 17, and August 9, 1861; but the result was 
different October 15, when Jeff. Thompson captured 50 
Union troops. 

Pound Gap, Tenn., was taken by General Garfield, 
March 16, 1862, after defeating a body of rebels posted 
there. 

Prairie d'Anna, Ark., was abandoned by Price April 
17. 1864, after being flanked by Steele. 

Prairie Grove, near Fayetteville, Ark., was the scene 
of a hard-fought battle December 7, 1862, there having 
been, three days previous, skirmishing. The rebels made 



REBELLION REGISTER. 205 

a feint in front of Blunt, and sent the main body to 
attack General Herron, who was advancing to reinforce 
Blunt. Blunt hastily moved forward, and arrived in 
time to prevent a flank movement on Herron's right; 
and, at 1:45 P. M., the engagement became general along 
the whole line. The battle raged fiercely and with great 
slaughter till dark, the contending armies alternately 
advancing and retiring. During the night the Confede- 
rates retreated over the Boston Mountains, abandoning 
their dead and wounded. The Union loss in the engage- 
ment was killed, 167; wounded, 798; missing, 1,148. 
Rebel loss estimated at 3,000 killed and wounded, of 
whom nearly 1,000 were buried on the field. 

Prentiss, Miss., was shelled and burned by the Union 
forces September 18, 1862. 

Prestonburg, Ky., was occupied by General Nelson, 
(Union) November 5, 1861. General Garfield over- 
taking Humphrey Marshall's forces at the forks of Mid- 
dle Creek, near this place, January 10, 1862, a fight 
ensued, which resulted in the total defeat of the rebels. 

Princeton, Ky., was the scene of a repulse to John 
Morgan, June 10, 1864. 

Prisoners. — Nothing, during the war, more exasperated 
the Unionists of the nation than the starvation of Federal 
prisoners of war in the Confederate prison-pens. Ander- 
sonville, Libby, and Salisbury, were, for some time at the 
North, considered as synonymous with murder and star- 
vation. It was a common thing when Union soldiers 
were taken prisoners, for them to be stripped of their 
clothing, leaving them only their drawers, shirt, and may- 
hap a blanket. With this short allowance of clothing 
the men were kept, during the winter even, without any 
other shelter than they could contrive by excavating a pit, 
and covering it with their blankets. At Andersouville, 
for some time, the daily ration was eight ounces of In- 
dian meal (kernel and cob ground together), and for 
sleeping apartments — they all had one — bounded by the 
prison walls, roofed by the vaulted arch of heaven, with 
mother earth for a bed. The result was, death to thou- 
sands, idocy to many, and the loss of feet and limbs to 
others. 

On October 29, 1863, a boat-load of exchanged Union 



206 REBELLION RHGISTER. 

prisoners arrived at Annapolis, Md., several having died 
on the way, the result of exposure and starvation while 
in rebel hands. Indignation meetings were held through- 
out the North, and supplies collected and forwarded for 
the relief of these suffering patriots. The Confederate 
authorities, for a time, allowed them to be delivered, but 
through their officers, on December 12, 1863, notified 
the Union authorities that no more supplies would be 
admitted within their lines. Colonel Ould (rebel com- 
missioner of exchange) on March 17, 1863, in a report 
to his superiors, seemingly exulted over the result of this 
inhuman course, and added : " The arrangements I have 
made (for exchanging prisoners) works largely in our 
favor. We get rid of a set of miserable wretches, and 
receive some of the best material I ever saw." A por- 
tion of the rebel Congress remonstrated with Jeff. Davis 
against the treatment of Union prisoners of war, but ob- 
tained no change for the better. General Winder, when 
remonstrated with on the subject by one of his officers, 
replied, " the Gr — d d — d wretches are not dying half 
fast enough." Henry Wirz was a fit subordinate, too, for 
such a chief. May 2, 1864, of 400 exchanged prisoners, 
150 had to be carried to hospital ; many died on their 
way and after their arrival. It was, on May 15, 1865, es- 
timated that there had been, during the past two years, 
sixty-four thousand Union soldiers starved to death in 
rebel prisons. As a contrast with this, out of 500 rebel 
prisoners confined at Camp Chase, Ohio, who were or- 
dered exchanged, 260 voted to remain, preferring their 
place there to liberty in the so-cailed Confederacy. 

Proclamations. (See Appendix.) 

Public Debt. (See Appendix.) 

Pulaski, Tenn., was occupied by the rebels, who cap- 
tured 250 Union troops, May 2, 1862. The town was 
occupied by General Rousseau, September 26, 1864, after 
whipping Forrest, and driving him toward Lafayette. 
Thomas, in his retreat before Hood, occupied the town 
November 23, 1864. 

Putnam's Eerry, Ark., was the scene of a skirmish, 
and rebel defeat, April 1, 1862. 

Putnam's Ferry, Mo., was held by the Unionists Octo- 
ber 27, 1862, after defeating a force of 1,500 rebels. 



REBELLION RKaiSTER. 207 

Quaker ChTirch, Va., was, on June 17, 1864, the scene 
of an undecisive action between Hunter and Imboden. 

Q,uallatown, N, C, was occupied by a Union expe- 
dition from Knoxville, February 7, 1864, after surprising 
Thomas and his white and Indian forces stationed there. 
Rebel loss, 215 killed and wounded, and 50 prisoners; 
Union loss, 8 killed and wounded. 

Queen City, Union gun-boat, was attacked June 23, 
1864, near Clarendon, Ark., by a large force with 4 
guns, and, after a sharp fight of half an hour, surren- 
dered. Her stores were hastily removed, when she was 
blown up by her captors. Three gun-boats arrived soon 
after, ran the batteries, drove off the rebels, and recap- 
tured one of the Queen City's guns. Union loss, 40 men. 

Queen of the West, Union ram, was captured by the 
rebels at Gordon's Landing, on Red River, February 14, 
1863, through the treachery of the pilot, who ran her 
aground under the guns of the rebel batteries; 20 prison- 
ers and 30 negroes were taken. 

Ealeigh, N. C, was occupied, without resistance, by 
the Union troops April 13, 1865. 

Rappahannock Elver. — On August 21, 1862, the two 
armies faced each other on opposite sides of the Rappa- 
hannock. The rebels attempted to cross, but were driven 
back by G-eneral Reno. Cannonading continued next 
day. General Schurz crossed the river in the morning, 
and drove the rebels back, who rallied, and a severe fight 
ensued, which lasted till night, when the Union troops, 
not being strong enough to hold the -advanced position, 
retired across the river. The battle was resumed on the 
23d ; the rebels succeeded in crossing the river in the 
vicinity of Sulphur Springs, upon which an engagement 
ensued, which resulted in the rebels being driven across 
Great Run. General Pope subsequently fell back to 
Warrenton and Sulphur Springs. 

Raymond, Miss. (See Farnden's Creek.) 

Readyville, Tenn., was captured September 7, 1864, 
by Colonel Jordan, with about 250 of the 9th Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry, after defeating Dibrell's rebel brigade, 
2,000 strong, killing and wounding many, and taking 
over 100 prisoners. Union loss, small. 

Resaca, Ga., was occupied by Johnson, on his retreat 



208 REBELLION REGISTER. 

before Sherman, May 14, 1864, and the latter immedi- 
ately attacked. After two days' hard fighting, Johnson 
was compelled to evacuate this strong position, and before 
night of the 15th Hooker was in vigorous pursuit. 
Nine railroad trains, loaded with rebel stores, designed 
for Dalton, were captured by McPherson near Resaca on 
the 13th. Hood demanded the surrender of the place 
October 12, which Colonel Weaver, commanding, refused. 
The summons threatened, if surrender was refused, to 
take no prisoners. After some fighting, the rebels with- 
drew. 

Richland, Ky. — Morgan's guerrillas captured a train 
on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad near this place 
March 17, 1863, and were robbing it when they were 
dispersed by a detachment of Union soldiers^ who killed 
several of them. 

Richmond, Ky. — A battle commenced here August 
29, 1862, by a portion of the Union forces attacking, to 
check the rebel advance on the town. Coming upon them, 
General Manson opened with his artillery, and in a few 
minutes the whole line was engaged. After a severe 
fight of an hour, the rebels were driven beyond Rogers- 
ville. Early next morning the Confederates advanced 
upon the Unionists and drove them back. The battle 
raged with varying success all day. The Unionists were 
finally compelled to retreat. The Union loss is set down 
at 400 killed, 1,100 wounded, and 3,000 prisoners; the 
rebel loss was 250 killed and 500 wounded. 

The town was, on February 22, 1863, entered by a 
body of 700 cavalry, under Chenault, Tucker, and Cluke, 
the Federal garrison falling back to Lexington. 

A force of rebels, under Pegram, about 2,500 strong, 
with six pieces of artillery, attacked a small Union gar- 
rison at this place July 27. After a severe fight of an 
hour, the Unionists were compelled to fall back to the 
Kentucky River. 

Richmond, La., was captured by the Unionists June 
13, 1863. 

Richmond, Mo., was captured May 19, 1863, by guer- 
rillas, who killed two or three men, and captured the 
whole guard of the town. 

Richmond, Va., was, at an early period of the rebellion, 



BEBELLION REGISTER. 209 

chosen as tlie "Confederate Capital." (For the battles 
of 1862, see Fair Oaks, Cross Keys, Oak Grove, Me- 
chauicsville, Gains's Mills, Peach Orchard, White Oak 
Swamp, Malvern Hill; for a history of Grant's move- 
nieuts ai;ainst and final capture of the city, see Grant's 
Keport.) 

Eich Mountain, Va., was the scene of a battle July 
11, 1861. 3,000 Confederates, under Pegram, was here 
strongly intrenched. The Unionists made the attack. 
General Rosecrans, with three Indiana and one Ohio 
regiments, made a circuit of the camp, and, by 3 o'clock 
P. M., attacked in the rear. After a fight of an hour 
and a half the Confederates were defeated, losing " all 
they had," with 60 killed and a large number wounded. 
Ilosecrans lost 20 killed and 40 wounded. During the 
night the rebels retreated toward Beverly. 

Rienzi, Miss. — The 3d battalion of the 5th Ohio 
Cavalry and a detachment of the 66th Illinois surprised 
and captured a force of between 3,000 and 4,000 rebels, 
encamped near this place, July 18, 1863. Sturgis's 
cavalry occupied the town June 7, 1864. 

Rienzi, Mo., was the scene of an indecisive skirmish 
August 27, 1862. 

Einggold, Ga., was occupied by the Union forces, 
after some fighting, November 27, 1863, but evacuated 
December 1, the troops again concentrating at Chatta- 
nooga. The place was then held by the rebels, who 
left it January 31, 1864, and the Unionists occupied it 
again February 21. 

Ripley, Miss., was occupied by Sturgis's cavalry June 
5, 1864. A body of Confederates, posted at this place, 
were dispersed with considerable loss, by General A. J. 
Smith's forces, July 8, 1864. 

Ripley, Tenn., was occupied, and the rebel camp there 
broken up, January 8, 1863. Rebel loss, 8 killed, 20 
wounded, 45 prisoners; Union loss, small. 

Roanoke Island. (See Burnside.) 

Roan Spring's, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmish 
and rebel defeat November 2, 1863. 

Roan's Tan-yard, Randolph Co., Mo., was, on Janu- 
ary 8, 1862, the scene of a battle between the rebels, 
1,000 strong, and the Union forces, numbering 480 men. 



210 REBELLION REGISTER. 

After half an hour's feeble resistance, the rebels broke 
and fled, leaving every thing behind. 

Rockingham, Ga., was occupied by General Howard 
December 12, 1864. 

Rocky Face Ridge. (See Tunnel Hill.) 

Rogersville, Ala., was occupied by General Negley 
May 13, 1862, after driving out the rebels, who crossed 
the river. 

Rogersville, Tenn., was occupied November 5, 1863, 
by the rebels, who captured 800 men and 4 guns. The 
13th Tennessee Cavalry met a band of guerrillas here 
August 22, 1864, of whom they killed 23 and 
wounded 35. 

Romney, Va. — The Indiana Zouaves, Colonel Lew. 
Wallace, surprised a body of 500 Confederate troops at 
this place June 11, 1861, and routed them, killing two 
and wounding one seriously. 

General Kelley, with 2,500 men, attacked the Confed- 
erate outposts at Mill Creek, about five miles from 
Romney, and drove them upon the main body, at In- 
dian Mound Cemetery, to the west of the town, where 
they made a stand on a commanding position, and opened 
fire with 12-pounder rifled guns and a howitzer. Gen- 
eral Kelley ordered a charge upon the batteries, which 
was being executed in gallant style, when the rebels 
broke and fled precipitately through the town toward 
Winchester. Rebel loss, 450 prisoners, a number killed 
and wounded, and a large amount of war material; 
Union loss, 2 killed, 11 wounded. General Lander oc- 
cupied the place February 7, 1862. 

Rosecrans, Wm. S., was, at the outbreak of the war, 
appointed as chief engineer on McClellan's staflf. Gov- 
ernor Dennison appointed him Colonel of the 23d Ohio 
Volunteers June 10, 1861, and ten days later the Pres- 
ident appointed him Brigadier-General in the Regular 
Army. He assumed command of the Department of the 
Ohio July 22. He took his place at the head of the 
Army of the Mississippi June 26, 1862, and he was 
made Major-General of volunteers soon after. He as- 
sumed command of the Army of the Cumberland Octo- 
ber 30. On February 10, 1863, he issued an order de- 
claring that rebel soldiers found in Federal uniforms, 



REBELLION REGISTER. 211 

or carrying the Federal flag, shall not be treated as 
prisoners of war or receive quarter in battle. 

A joint resolution of Congress, of March 3, thanked 
" General liosecrans and his soldiers for gallantry and 
good conduct in the battle of Murfreesboro." 
• He was succeeded by General Thomas, October 25, 
1863, and assumed command of the Missouri Depart- 
ment January 30, 1864. He held this position until 
December 2, when he was succeeded by General Dodge. 
(See Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, etc.) 

Eoseville, Ark. — About 400 Texan cavalry attempted 
to surprise a camp of 250 Federals, at this place, April 
11, 1864. but were repulsed, losing 70 killed and wounded. 
Union loss about half as many. 

Ross, John, the Cherokee chief, on June 19, 1861, 
urged neutrality upon his nation, reminding them of 
their obligations to the Government. 

Rosswell, Ga. (See Rousseau.) 

Rough and Ready, Ga., was the scene of General 
Howard driving General Iverson toward Jonesboro, 
November 16, 1864.. 

Round Top Mountain, Ya. — General Sheridan's cav- 
alry fought nearly the entire force of the rebel cavalry, 
at this place, October 9, 1864. The rebels were defeated, 
driven from the field, and pursued 26 miles; 11 pieces of 
artillery and 180 men taken, with ambulance and wagon 
trains. 

Rousseau. — During the rebellion, perhaps no General 
in his sphere did more gallant service, or was better 
loved by his men, than General Rousseau. Raiding was 
his delight; one is mentioned as an example: 

Rousseau left Decatur, Ala., July 10, 1864, with 2,700 
cavalry. He crossed the Coosa River, on the 13th, and 
was immediately attacked by some Alabama cavalry, 
which he soon scattered, killing and capturing many 
He then visited Talladega, Tylocouga, Loachapoka, and 
Opelika, destroying quantities of niter and commissary 
stores ; also large iron-works. He destroyed 30 miles 
of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad, burning 
all the bridges and culverts, with 13 depots, besides cap- 
turing a train, heavily laden with provisions and cotton 
At all of the aforementioned towns, he met with spirited 



212 REBELLION ttEGLSTER. 

opposition from large bands of rebels; as also at the 
crossing of the Tallapoosa River. General Rousseau re- 
turned to Marietta, Georgia, having been over a week 
out. He lost only some 50 killed and wounded. Nearly 
1,000 of the enemy were captured and paroled, and over 
100 killed and wounded; 600 horses and mules were 
among the spoils collected. He thus made a successful 
circuit of 250 miles, starting from Northern Alabama, 
penetrating two-thirds of the State, approaching close to 
Montgomery, and thence pushing a north-easterly course 
some days, reached Marietta. 

Russelville, Ala., was occupied by Wilson's cavalry, 
without opposition, March 24, 1865. 

Sabbath. — An order for the strict observance of the 
Sabbath in the army was issued, by General McClellan, 
September 7, 1861, and President Lincoln issued a simi- 
lar order to the Army and Navy, November 18, 1862. 

Sabine Pass, Texas. — At this place, January 21, 
1863, the rebels captured the brig Morning Light and 
the schooner Velocity, 13 guns, $1,000,000 worth of prop- 
erty, and 109 prisoners. The Morning Light was after- 
ward destroyed, to prevent its recapture by the Federals. 
An expedition was fitted out at New Orleans for the 
capture of this position, but failed in an attack Septem- 
ber 8, and returned on the 12th, having lost two vessels. 

Sabine Cross-roads. (See Mansfield.) 

Salem, Ark., was, on March 16, 1862, the scene of a 
fight between 250 Union soldiers and 1,000 rebels; the 
rebels were surprised and defeated, with a loss of 100 
killed and w^ounded. L^nion loss, 25 killed and wounded. 

Salem, Ind. (See John Morgan.) 

Salem, Miss,, was the scene of an engagement October 
8, 1863. S. D. Lee, with 4,000 rebels, attacked 1,500 
Federals, under McCrellis and Phillips. After a stub- 
born fight, the latter were defeated, with the loss of 15 
or 20 killed and wounded. 

Salem, Mo. — About 300 rebels, under Freeman and 
Turner, surprised the Union garrison at this place. 
Major Bowen rallied his men, and the rebels were re- 
pulsed. 

Salem, Teun., was occupied by Averill's raiders De- 
cember 16, 1863. They destroyed the railroad for 15 



REBELLION REGISTER. 213 

miles; 5 bridges, 3 large depot buildings, and an im- 
mense quantity of stores were burned. 

Salem Heights. (See Fredericksburg., Va.) 

Salisbury, N. C, was captured by Stoneman April 12, 
1865. He took 1,165 prisoners, 19 guns, and 8 flags; 
destroyed a large quantity of supplies, including 7,000 
bales cotton, 1,000,000 rounds of ammuntion, etc. ; also 
a large arsenal and all its machinery, 6 depots in the 
vicinity, 2 engines and trains, several bridges, and sev- 
eral miles of railroad. 

Salt-peter was ordered seized in the rebel States for 
the Government, and 50 cents per pound allowed there- 
for. 

Saltville, Va., was the seat of the most extensive 
salt-works in the South, and upon its production the 
Confederates in a great measure depended. In Septem- 
ber, 1864, General Burbridge, with a force of 2,500 
men, moved from his camp in Kentucky, upon this place, 
October 2. He arrived near the town, and drove the 
rebels from Clinch Mountain and Laurel Gaps, and 
attacking them, forced them into their strong intrench- 
ments around Saltville ; but his ammunition giving out, 
he retired safely. The rebel force was double his. 
General Burbridge, with 4,000 cavalry, arrived at Bean 
Station, Tenn., December 2, and on the 11th was joined 
by Gillem's brigade, under Stoneman, who was to com- 
mand a raid upon Saltville, which was immediately or- 
ganized. General Stoneman, on the 13th, surprised, 
flanked, and defeated Colonel Morgan, with Duke's bri- 
gade, at Kingsport, killing and wounding 15, and taking 
85 prisoners, the rebels retreating to Bristol, Tenn. 
About the same time, Breckenridge, with 3,000 troops, 
attacked General Gillem, near Morristown, routing him, 
and capturing his artillery (6 guns) and several hun- 
dred prisoners ; the remainder of the command escaped 
to Strawberry Plains and Knoxville. Burbridge fol- 
lowed the rebels, and next morning, at three o'clock, 
entered Bristol, charging into the town, sword in hand, 
captured 300 prisoners and a train of cars with the mail 
for Richmond; the remainder of Duke's brigade fled. 
Burbridge at once proceeded toward Vaughn's position 
at Zoliicoffer, 12 miles further. The latter retreated 



214 REBELLION REGISTER. 

hastily toward Abington, but the Union forces reaching 
there two hours ahead, and capturing large quantities of 
stores and ammunition, Vaughn fled toward Wytheville, 
closely pursued by General Gillem, who captured 300 
prisoners, 3 guns, a wagon train of ammunition, and 
some stores. Major Harrison, the same day, with 300 
picked cavalry, cut the railroad east of Saltville, just 
after Breckeuridge had gone thither with 200 militia 
from Lynchburg ; took and burned 2 trains, and dashed 
up the railroad toward Wytheville, burning bridges. 
The 16th found Vaughn pursuing Harrison, while Gil- 
lem was trying to overtake Vaughn. Gillem overtook 
Vaughn's rear guard at Marion, capturing most of it. 
Then charging the main body, and being reinforced, 
drove it, and forced another battle at Mount Airy, again 
defeating the rebels, capturing 7 guns and many prison- 
ers. The rebels continued through Wytheville, where 
Gillem met the home-guard, which he dispersed, taking 
their 4 guns, and continued his pursuit of Vaughn, who 
fled with 100 men— left out of 1,600— the rest being 
killed, wounded, prisoners, or dispersed. General Gil- 
lem having thus made atonement for his defeat at Mor- 
ristown, proceeded to destroy the railroad bridge, 4 miles 
jf track, the lead-works, and rebel stores. General Bur- 
bridge, in leaving Wytheville on the 19th, was repulsed 
by Breckenridge at Marion, but General Gillem coming 
up, again relieved the fortunes of the day, capturing 11 
guns, 200 prisoners, 93 wagons, and Breckenridge's head- 
quarters, that General retreating to Mount Airy, and 
thence into North Carolina. Saltville was occupied on 
the 20th, after driving out the rebels by a midnight 
attack. The salt-works and machinery were all de- 
stroyed, the wells being all filled up with stones and rail- 
road iron. This raiding party marched 464 miles in 
eighteen days, and was among the most successful of 
the war : 11 founderies, 40 flouring-mills, 50 saw-mills, 
30 large bridges, 13 locomotives, 100 cars, and immense 
amounts of provisions, ammunition, and military stores 
w««i destroyed ; 20 guns, several thousand cattle, and 
900 prisoners were captured — the whole damage to the 
rebels being over S3.000,000. 

Salt-works, at Yellville, Ark., was destroyed Decern- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 215 

ber 15, 1862; those at Tampa Bay, Fla., July 11, 1864; 
those at Kingsbury, Ga., November 2, 1862 ; those near 
Wilmington, N. C, April 21, 1864; and those at Taze- 
well, Va., May 7, 1864. 

Sandersville, Ga., was occupied by Sherman's right 
wing November 26, 1864. 

Sandtown, Ga., was occupied by Kilpatrick August 
19, 1864. 

Sanitary Commission was authorized by the President 
June 8, 1861, and issued its first address to the people 
on the 26th. Branches were formed in nearly every 
town in the North. Many a poor sick soldier has 
blessed the Commission ; and to it, under God's blessing, 
is many a one owing his life. 

San Jacinto. (See Mason.) 

Santa Fe, N. M., was occupied by rebel troops April 
10, 1862, who evacuated it April 21, the Union forces 
driving them out. (See Apache Canon.) 

Santa Rosa. (See Fort Pickens.) 

Sartartia, Miss., was the scene of an action June 4, 
1863, fought by 3,000 Unionists, under General Kimball, 
and 2,000 Confederates, under Wirt Adams, and lasted 
thirty minutes, when the rebels were routed, losing con- 
siderably in killed and wounded, and 100 prisoners. 
Union loss, 1 killed and 17 wounded. A detachment 
of Sherman's army, moving against Yazoo City, was fired 
upon near this place February 4, 1863, by 3,000 Texans 
from the shore. The troops were immediately landed, 
and, assisted by the gun-boats, succeeded in dislodging 
the rebels, losing 9 men killed of the 11th Illinois and 
8th Louisiana. The rebel loss was unknown. 

Savannah, Ga., was blockaded May 28, 1861. Fort 
Pulaski, at the mouth of the river, was taken possession 
of by the State authorities January 3, 1861. About 
February 1, 1862, batteries were erected on Venus Island, 
which cut the fort off from the main land. These were 
unsuccessfully attacked by four rebel gun-boats February 
15. The siege was kept up until April 10, when a 
summons to surrender was sent in, which being refused, 
the bombardment immediately commenced, and continued 
vigorously through the day. At night new batteries 
were planted, and next morning breaches were discovered 



216 REBELLION REGISTER. 

in the south-east face of the fort. The bombardment 
was continued vigorously, and, at 2 o'clock, the fort 
surrendered ; 47 guns, 7,000 shot and shell, 40,000 
pounds of powder, and 385 prisoners were taken with 
the fort. Union loss, one man killed and one slightly 
wounded ; the Confederates had three severely wounded. 
Savannah, after this, rested in comparative quiet, until 
Sherman was known to be east of the Oconee, when the 
excitement was terrible. On December 9, 1864, General 
Howard was ten miles west of the city, and from thence 
communicated, on the 11th, with Admiral Dahlgren, 
commanding the fleet. General Sherman, on the 20th, 
demanded the surrender of the city. Hardee refused, 
but that night blowed up his rams and retreated north- 
ward. Sherman entered the city on the 21st, receiving 
its surrender from the Mayor. The captures included 
800 prisoners, 33,000 bales of cotton, 150 cannon, 13 
locomotives, 190 cars, 3 steamers, many stores, and much 
ammunition. General Geary was made Military Governor. 
Sherman's army, in three columns — one toward Charles- 
ton, and the other two, by different roads, toward 
Branchville, S. C. — started from Savannah January 17, 
1865, and on the 27th the last division, under Geary, 
moved out. 

Savannah, Tenn., was occupied by Union troops April 
16, 1862, after defeating the rebels, who lost 5 killed and 
65 wounded. 

Schenck, Robert C, proved himself a patriot, and 
alike able to cope with rebels in the field as a soldier, 
or in Congress as a stateman. 

Soottsville, Ky. — Rebel Colonel Hamilton, with 500 
men, attacked the garrison of 150 men at this place 
January 28, 1864. After a desperate fight, the garrison 
capitulated ; the rebels then, disregarding the agreement 
made to respect private property, destroyed the court- 
house and all the public documents. 

Sea Brook Island. (See Charleston.) 

Semmes. (See Alabama.) 

Semmesport, La., was occupied by General Smith's 
forces March 13, 1864. 

Seneca, Va., was the scene of a Union defeat March 
21, 1863. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 217 

Senate of the TJ. S., on July 11, 1861, voted to expel 
from that body Senators James M. Mason and R. M. T. 
Hunter, of Virginia; Thomas L. Clingman and Thomaa 
Bragg, of North Carolina; Louis T. Wigfall and J. W. 
Hemphill, of Texas ; Charles B. Mitchell and William 
K. Sebastian, of Arkansas; and A. 0. P. Nicholson, of 
Tennessee. 

Seven Pines. (See Fair Oaks.) 

Sevierville, Tenn. (See Fair Garden.) 

Seward, Wm. H., was called into Mr. Lincoln's Cab- 
inet as Secretary of State March 4, 1864. He has held 
that position during the rebellion. To him is, in a great 
measure, due the skillful management and successful issue 
of the nation's foreign policy. October 14, 1861, he 
issued a circular to Governors of States, advising sea- 
coast and lake defenses. He tendered his resignation 
December 18, 1862, which was not accepted. He was 
thrown from his carriage, in Washington, and had his arm 
and jaw broken, April 5, 1865. While confined to his 
room by his injuries, he was, on the evening of the 14th, 
(the same evening on which President Lincoln was assas- 
sinated,) attacked by one Payne, Booth's confederate. 
Payne made his way to Mr. Seward's residence about 
10 o'clock in the evening, disabled several persons who 
opposed him, inflicting exceedingly serious wounds upon 
Mr. Frederick Seward, and, having made his way into 
the room where Secretary Seward was lying, stabbed him 
repeatedly, and would probably have killed him had he 
not rolled out upon the floor. The would-be assassin 
then escaped, despite all efforts to secure him. 

Sewall's Point was the scene of artillery fighting 
May 19, 1861, and May 8, 1862. 

Shakertown, Ky., was entered, and several cars de- 
stroyed, by guerrillas, February 20, 1863. 

Shawnee Creek, Kansas. — The guerrillas captured a 
wagon train near this place May 24, 1863. 

Shawneetown, Ark., was destroyed by guerrillas 
June 6, 1863. 

Shawneetown, 111. — Colonel Johnson, commanding 
guerrillas, crossed the Ohio River at Shawneetown, cap- 
tured four steamers, and destroyed their cargoes, Au- 
gust 13, 1864. 
10 



218 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Shelbyville, Tenn., was occupied by General MitcheH's 
forces A.pril 6, 1862, and by Rosecrans' troops June 27, 
1863. The rebels attacked the place October 4, but 
were repulsed. 

Shell Mound, Tenn., was the scene of a battle and 
Union victory October 31, 1863. 

Shepherdstown, Md. (See Maryland and Pennsyl- 
vania Invasion.) 

Shepherdstown, Va., was the scene of a skirmish 
September 4, 1861, 

Sheridan, Philip H., Major-General, although having 
previously done good service, was brought prominently 
before the public by being placed in command of the 
cavalry of the Potomac army in March, 1864. Between 
the 10th and 27th of May, he made a series of raids 
about Richmond, which were the wonder and admiration 
of all observers. He assumed command of the Middle 
Military Division August 7, whipped Early at Winches- 
ter September 19, and, on the 22d, again at Fisher's 
Hill ; after which followed a series of most gallant 
victories, crowned by the complete triumph of Cedar 
Creek, October 19. He was, for gallantry here shown, 
promoted to Major-General in the Regular Army, dating 
from November 8, 1864. He left his camp at Winches- 
ter February 27, 1865, to join Grant in the final reduc- 
tion of Richmond, for the history of which see Grant's 
Report. After the capture of Lee's army, General 
Sheridan was assigned to the command of the Texas 
Department. 

Sherman, "William Tecumseh, was born in Lancaster 
County, Ohio, February 8, 1820. His father dying 
when William was but 8 years old, he was taken into 
the family of the Hon. Thomas Ewing, through whose 
influence he entered West Point Military Academy in 
1836, at the age of 16. He graduated June 20, 1840, 
ranking sixth in a class of forty. He next day entered 
the Regular Army as 2d Lieutenant of Artillery, connected 
with the 3d Regiment. He was ordered to Fort Sumter 
in 1841 ; to California, in 1846; to St. Louis, in 1850; 
and, subsequently, to New Orleans. He was, in 1851, 
breveted Captain in the Regular Army, for " meritorious 
service," dating from May 30, 1848. He resigned his 



REBELLION REGISTER. 219 

position In tlie army in 1853, going to California, where 
he was connected with a banking-house. On his return 
to the States, he was invited to the Presidency of the 
Louisiana Military Academy, which position he promptly 
resigned upon Louisiana passing the secession ordinance. 
He had very flattering offers from the Confederate au- 
thorities, but, refusing all their overtures, he started 
North, where he took his place among the Union de- 
fenders, ranking as Colonel. He took an important part 
in the battle of Bull Run, acting as Brigadier-General, 
soon after being promoted to that rank, his commission 
dating from May 17, 1861, and placed second in com- 
mand to General Anderson, then commanding the De- 
partment of the Cumberland. Upon General Anderson's 
resigning, General Sherman succeeded him October 8. 
He was relieved of this position, and assigned to a com- 
mand in Western Missouri, November 10, and shortly 
after to Benton Barracks. Next, he was placed in com- 
mand of Paducah, the base of supplies for General 
Grant's army, then operating against Forts Donaldson 
and Henry. He commanded a division at the battle of 
Shiloh, receiving special commendation for his services 
in the report of General Grant, commanding. The his- 
tory of his movements against Vicksburg, on the Yazoo, 
etc., will be found under those heads. He was appointed 
to the command of the Army of the Tennessee October 
27, 1863. He was, on March 12, 1864, assigned to the 
command of the Division of the Mississippi. The history 
of his movements against Atlanta, Savannah, his route 
through the Carolinas, etc., will be found under their 
appropriate headings. He bade his army farewell at 
Washington, May 30, 1865. 

Sherwood, Mo., was the scene of a skirmish and 
Union defeat May 18, 1863. 

Shiloh, Tenn. — The battle of Shiloh was commenced 
April 6, 1862. The Confederates, 45,000 strong, under 
Beauregard and Johnston, attacked the Union forces, 
35,000 strong, under General Grant, at Pittsburg Land- 
ing. The battle raged fiercely all day. The Union 
army was driven to the river, with the loss of General 
Prentiss and 2,500 men, prisoners, 36 pieces of artillery, 
and a large amount of camp equipage. The army was 



220 REBELLION REGISTER. 

saved from total defeat by the operations of the gun- 
boats on the rebel right wing. General Johnston, the 
rebel commander, was killed. The advance of General 
Buell's army, from Nashville, appeared on the banks of 
the river late in the evening, and spent the night in 
crossing to the relief of General Grant. Early next 
morning the engagement became general ; the fresh 
troops from General Buell's army checked the rebels, 
and turned the scale in favor of the Union army. The 
whole line advanced, and the rebels fell back, and were 
pursued by Sherman's division. The Union loss was 
1,614 killed (including Brigadier-General W. H. L. 
Wallace), 7,721 wounded, and 3,963 missing and pris- 
oners. The Confederate loss was never fully known. 
They left some 3,000 dead on the field. 

Ship Gap, Ga., was occupied by General Sherman's 
forces on October 16, 1864. This secured railroad 
communications for Sherman's supplies. 

Ship Island, at the entrance to Lake Borgne, Louis- 
iana, was occupied by Union troops September 16, 1861. 
The Government had destroyed the fortifications in May, 
since which time the rebels held it. This island was 
used as a camp during the preparations for the capture 
of New Orleans. 

Shippensburg. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Shipping Point, Va., was occupied by Unionists 
March 28, 1862. 

Shooter's Hill, Va., was the scene of a skirmish June 
28, 1861. 

Shreveport, La., was occupied March 16, 1864, by 
the rebels, who burned two steamers and 3,000 bales of 
cotton. 

Sikeston, Mo., was a skirmish scene February 28, 
1862. 

Simmonsport, La., was destroyed by Union gun- 
boats June 4, 1863. 

Sisters Ferry, Ga. — Sherman's cavalry demonstrated 
against this place December 6, 1864, and, after a skir- 
mish with two rebel brigades there, moved on toward 
Savannah. 

Six-mile Station. (See Grant's Report.) 

Skeet, N. C, was a skirmish scene March 4, 1863. 



REBELLION REGISa^ER. 221 

Skidaway, Ga. — The fortifications on Skidaway and 
Green Islands, in Warsaw Sound, were blown up, by 
order of Commodore Dupont, March 24, 1862. 

Slate Creek, Ky., was the scene of a skirmish and 
Union defeat June 13, 1863. 

Slater "s Mills, Va., was the scene of an indecisive 
engagement May 9, 1862. 

Slatersville, N. C, was occupied by General Stone- 
man April 13, 1865. 

Slidell. (See Mason.) 

Smith, Major-General Andrew J., proved himself a 
good soldier and the soldier's friend. He commanded 
a division, under Sherman, against Vicksburg. (See 
Mansfield, Louisiana; Pleasant Hill, Nashville, and 
Mobile.) 

Smith's Ferry, Ala., was held by Rousseau July 16, 
1864. 

Smithfield, N. C, was occupied, April 11, 1865, by 
the 75th Indiana Regiment. 

Smithfield, Va., was occupied by Union troops March 
6, 1862. An indecisive skirmish occurred here Febru- 
ary 12, 1863. A rebel mail was captured, and six of 
the escort wounded, at this point April 14, 1864. 
Sheridan drove Early through Smithfield August 28, 
1864. 

Snake Gap, 15 miles south of Dalton, Georgia, was 
captured by General McPherson May 8, 1864, thus 
flanking Rocky Face Ridge, and threatening Resaca. 

Snicker's Gap, Va., was a skirmish scene October 28, 
1862. The gap was occupied by General Hancock's 
forces, after driving out the rebels, November 2. They 
returned next day, but were driven off, losing heavily. 
General Stahl, on November 29, had a skirmish with 
the rebels, who were completely routed, and lost all 
their camp equipage, 50 killed and wounded, 40 pris- 
oners, etc.; Union loss, 15 killed and wounded. 

Crook overtook Early at this point July 17, 1864, 
capturing a portion of his plunder. The rebels burned 
part of their stores, and fled southward with the rest. 

Snow Hill, near Auburn, Tenn. — General Stanley, 
with 2,000 cavalry and Colonel Matthews's infantry bri- 
gade, attacked Morgan and Wheeler, with eight regiments, 



222 REBELLION REGISTER. 

at this place, April 2, 1863, and routed tliem. They lost 
15 or 20 killed ; 60 prisoners, and 300 horses were taken. 

Snydersville, La. — There was an engagement at 
Brooks's plantation April 1, 1864, between 600 of the 
1st Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and 1,000 rebels, 
lasting several hours, and resulting in the rout of the 
latter. Rebel loss unknown ; Union loss, 46 killed and 
wounded. 

Somerset Ky. — The battle of Somerset (or Mill 
Spring) was fought January 19, 1862, commencing at 
6 o'clock, A. M. A rebel force 10,000 strong, under 
Generals Crittenden and Zollicoffer attacked the Union 
forces (four regiments) under General Thomas. The 
latter were dreadfully cut up, but after the first and se- 
verest engagement, they were reinforced by nine regi- 
ments and several batteries, and completely routed their 
antagonists, who were driven back to their intrench- 
ments on the Cumberland River, which they recrossed 
during the night, and retreated in confusion. General 
Zollicoffer was killed during the fight. The Unionists 
captured 10 cannon, 100 wagons, 1,200 horses, 1,000 
muskets, several boxes of arms, and large quantities of 
ammunition and subsistence stores, together with a num- 
ber of boats. Rebel loss, 192 killed, 68 wounded, and 
89 prisoners; Union loss, 39 killed and 207 wounded. 

General Gillmore defeated the rebels at this place, 
March 31, 1863, driving them into the Cumberland. 
Union loss, 10 killed, and 25 wounded ; rebel loss, 45 
killed and wounded, and 400 prisoners. There was a 
skirmish at Mill Spring, near this place, April 28, and 
another May 31, in which the Unionists were defeated 
with a loss of 33 prisoners. 

Sommerville, Tenn., was, on March 30, 1863, the 
scene of a rebel defeat, in which they lost 150 prisoners, 
and 200 cattle. Grierson's cavalry was beaten, with 
small loss, at this place, April 2, 1864. 

South Carolina. — A bill to raise and equip 10,000 
volunteers for the defense of the State passed the State 
Legislature November 10, 1860. The State Convention 
met at Columbia December 17, but on account of small- 
pox, adjourned to Charleston. A secession ordinance 
was passed December 20, and the following day a decla- 



REBELLION REGISTER. 223 

ration of causes was adopted. Governor Pickens, on the 
24th, issued a proch^mation, declaring " South Carolina 
a soveieign, free, and independent nation." The Con- 
vention, on the 25th, passed a resolution, having in view 
the formation of a Southern Confederacy, and on the 
31st commissioners were sent to the other slave States 
to lay the plan before them. An oath of abjuration and 
allegiance was adopted the same day. On January 4, 
1861, the Convention appointed seven delegates to "the 
General Congress of the Seceding States," and next day 
adjourned, subject to the call of its President. The 
Legislature, on January 14, declared that any attempt to 
reinforce Fort Sumter would be an act of war, and on 
the 31st proposed to buy it. The Convention reassem- 
bled March 26, and April 3 ratified the Constitution of 
the Confederate States (146 v. 16). 

South Mountain, Md. — A battle was fought here Sep- 
tember 14, 1862. General McClellan attacked the main 
body of the rebel army, when a general engagement en- 
sued. Rebels fell back slowly, contending stubbornly 
for every inch of ground. In this way the battle raged 
furiously all day. In the night the rebels retreated 
toward the Potomac, leaving their dead and wounded 
on the field. Union loss, 443 killed, including General 
Reno, 1,806 wounded, and 176 taken prisoners ; Con- 
federate loss, 4,300 killed, wounded, and prisoners. 

South Union, Ky., was a skirmish scene — rebels de- 
feated—May 13, 1863. 

Spanish Fort. (See Mobile.) 

Spanish Wells, S. C, was captured, and the signal 
Btation burned, March 13, 1863. 

Spottsylvania. (See Grant's Report.) 

Springfield, Mo., was occupied by General Lyon 
August 5, 1861, in his retreat before the rebels, and 
again by the Union forces, after the battle of Wilson's 
Creek, on the 11th. Major Zagonyi, at the head of 
about 300 of General Fremont's body-guard, charged 
against 2,000 rebels, drawn in line of battle, near this 
place, October 25, and routed them, killing and wound- 
ing a great number. They then cleared Springfield of 
rebels, where Generals Fremont and Sigel arrived next 
day, amid much enthusiasm. The town was occupied 



224 REBETJ.ION REGISTER. 

by rebels under McCulloch November 26. The Union 
forces, under General Curtis, took possession of the town 
February 13, 1862, the rebels having evacuated it during 
the previous night, leaving in the hospitals 600 sick and 
wounded. Marmaduke, with 5,000 rebels and 16 pieces 
of artillery, attacked the town January 8, 1863, defended 
by 2,000 men, and 5 pieces of artillery in bad order ; 
the rebels were defeated. Union loss, 17 killed and 
a number wounded; rebel loss, 50 killed and many 
wounded. 

St. Augustine, Florida, and the adjacent fort of 
five guns, was surrendered to Commodore Dupont 
March 11, 1862, the people of the town raising the 
Union flag. 

St. Albans Eaid. — A band of about 20 rebel refugees, 
from Canada, entered St. Albans, Vt., October 19, 1864, 
robbed three banks of $150,000, shot several men, stole 
each a horse, and fled whence they came. Eight of the 
raiders and $50,000 of the money were captured next 
day. The Canadian Judge Coursol discharged them 
December 13, on an unfounded legal pretense. The Ca- 
nadian Parliament, January 23, 1865, reproved this 
action of their Judge, and he was removed from office. 
They were again discharged by Judge Smith, at Mon- 
treal, and immediately rearrested on another warrant. 
They were discharged, and again arrested April 5, and 
all but one again discharged April 10. 

St. Charles, Mo., was occupied June 27, 1864, by 
General Carr, after defeating the rebels under Shelby, 
who lost 200 killed and wounded, and 500 prisoners. 
The guns of the "Queen City" were also retaken by 
the Unionists. 

St. Genevieve, Mo., was occupied by Union troops, 
who captured 858,000, August 16, 1861. 

St. John's BluiF, Fla. — The rebel batteries at this 
point were silenced September 17, 1862. 

St. Marks, Fla. — The salt-works were here destroye'1 
March 1, 1864. 

St. Marys, Ga., was destroyed by Union gun -boats 
November 9, 1862. 

Stafford's Store, Va., was a skirmish scene February 
5, 1863. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 225 

Stamford, Ky. — The rebels captured and burned 60 
wagons, near this place, July 31, 1863. 

Stanton, Edwin M., was called into President Li«i 
coin's Cabinet, as Secretary of War, January 13, 1862, 
vice Cameron, resigned. 

Staunton, Va., was occupied by General Hunter June 
6, 1864. After destroying $3,000,000 worth of public 
stores, he moved toward Lynchburg. 

Stephens, Alex. E., in a speech at Milledgeville, 
November 15, 1860, opposed secession. He was elected 
Provisional Vice-President of the Confederate States 
February 9, 1861, and was inaugurated on the 18th, 
and July 11 upheld secession in a speech at Augusta. 

Stewart's Landing, Tenn. — Wheeler attacked and 
murdered the colored garrison at this place August 20, 
1864. 

Stewart's Mill, Va., was a skirmish scene September 
11, 1861. 

Stone River. (See Murfreesboro.) 

Strasburg, Va., was occupied January 1, 1862, by Gen- 
eral Fremont, after driving out the rebels. There was 
an indecisive skirmish here March 27. General Banks's 
forces evacuated the town May 24, retreating to Win- 
chester. On February 25, after skirmishing all day, 
the rebels were defeated, losing all the Union prisoners 
they had taken, and 20 others. The rebels, being rein- 
forced, surprised the Unionists, and captured 200 of 
them. There were indecisive cavalry skirmishes here 
April 29 and November 17. 

Strawberry Plains, Tenn., was the scene of a rebel 
defeat 'January 10, 1864. General Sturgis fell back 
from Dandridge to this place on the 7th, and, soon after 
leaving it, it was occupied by Longstreet, who retired 
toward Bull's Gap February 20. 

Streight, Colonel A. D., left Nashville, Tenn., April 
11, 1863, for a raid into Georgia. After doing the rebels 
immense damage, his whole command was captured on 
May 3, near Rome, Ga., by General Forrest and Colonel 
Roddy; 1,375 men, with all their horses and equipments, 
were surrendered. Colonel Streight lost 72 men killed, 
wounded, and missing, in his whole raid, while that of 
the rebels was between 500 and 600. He was carried 
10* 



226 REBELLION* REGISTER. 

to Libby Prison, where he was confined until May 10, 
1864, when he and 106 other Union officers, after 51 
days' work tunneling, made their escape. He and 54 
others succeeded in making the Union lines, while 48 
were recaptured. He was withheld from exchange on 
false pretenses of stirring up servile insurrection in 
Georgia. For a full history, and the manner of treat- 
ing Union prisoners, see his publication, " The Prisoner 
of War." (See Day's Gap.) 

Suden's Cove, Tenn., was a skirmish scene June 5, 
1862. 

Suffolk, Va., was occupied by Union forces May 18, 
1862. The Union pickets were driven in November 19. 
A brisk sltirmish occurred here December 12. Skir- 
mishing commenced here again April 14, 1863, and was 
of frequent occurrence during the spring and summer. 

Sugar Creek, Ark., was the scene of a brisk engage- 
ment February 17, 1862. Union loss, 5 killed and 13 
wounded. 

Sugar Loaf Mountain, Md., was occupied by Union- 
ists September 10, 1862. 

Sulphur Springs, Tenn., was the scene of a cavalry 
skirmish October 21, 1863. A sharp but indecisive 
battle was fought here August 11, 1864. 

Sultanna, a transport steamer, with 1,886 souls aboard, 
mostly paroled prisoners, blew up, near Memphis, April 
28, 1865. About 1,100 lives were lost in this disaster, 
due to the negligence or cupidity of those in charge of 
the Union prisoners, just paroled from the Southern 
starvation prisons. 

Summersville, Va. — On August 26, 1862, while at 
breakfast. Colonel Tyler's 7th Ohio Regiment were sur- 
rounded by the Confederates. They rallied, however, and 
cut their way through four times their number ; the 
casualities were few. The rebels were driven in a skir- 
mish here February 9, 1863. (See Carnifex Ferry.) 

Surratt, Mrs. (See Herold.) 

Swan Quarter, N. C, was the scene of a rebel defeat 
March 4, 1863. Union loss, 20; rebel loss, 25. 

Talladega, Ala., was occupied by Rousseau July 15, 
1864. He paroled 140 sick rebels, and destroyed public 
stores, etc. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 227 

Tallahatchie, Miss., was evacuated by the rebels De- 
cember 1, 1862. 

Tampa Bay, Fla. (See Salt-works.) 

Tappahannock, Va., was taken by the Union gun- 
boats May 30, 1863. 

Tazewell, Tenn., was the scene of brisk skirmishing 
August 5 and 6, 1862; the rebels were defeated. The 
garrison here repulsed the rebels 400 strong, January 
26, 1864. 

Tazewell, Va. (See Salt-works.) 

Teche Country, La., was the scene of skirmishing, 
and a Union victory April 12, 13, and 14, 1863. 

Telegraph. — By order of the Government, the United 
States Marshals seized the records of the telegraph of* 
fices throughout the North May 20, 1861. The objecfc 
was to ascertain who were aiding the rebellion. 

An order regulating the conveyance of intelligence 
concerning military operations was issued July 8. Con- 
gress, on January 31, 1862, authorized the President to 
take possession of the different lines, which he did Feb- 
ruary 25, 1862. 

Tennessee. — The Legislature, on May 6, 1861, passed 
an ordinance of secession, which was termed a Declara- 
tion of Independence, and ordered it to be voted on by 
the people ; passed by Senate (20 v. 4) and by House 
(46 V. 21). Next day the Governor announced a military 
league between that State and the Confederate States. 
On June 21, a Union Convention met at Knoxville. 
On the fourth day of its session it adopted a declaration 
of grievances against the usurping body which voted the 
State out of the Union and into the Confederate States. 
This ordinance of secession was submitted to the people 
and adopted, as per Governor Harris's proclamation, June 
24. Ayes, 104,913; nays, 47,238. President Lincoln 
declared the State in insurrection August 16. The State 
was for some time represented in the Confederate Con- 
gress, though its actual position was nearly all the time 
with the Union. The State Convention passed an eman- 
cipation resolution January 15, 1865. 

Texas. — The State Convention met at Austin Janu- 
ary 28, 1861, and on February 1 passed an ordinance 
of secession (166 v. 7), to be submitted to the people 



228 REBELLION REGISTER. 

on the 22cl, and, unless rejected by a majority vote, to 
take effect on the 2d of March. 

The ordinance was ratified by the people by 24,000 
majority, the Union men there — many of them — not 
daring to vote. The State Convention ratified the Con- 
federate Constitution March 25. The State was de- 
clared in insurrection May 19. (See Houston.) General 
A. J. Hamilton was appointed Military Governor No- 
vember 15, 1862. 

Thomas, George H., was commissioned as Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel April 25, 1861; promoted to Colonel May 
5, to Brigadier-General of volunteers August 17; fought 
the battle of Mill Spring January 19, 1862; was pro- 
moted to Major-Geueral of volunteers April 25. He 
succeeded General Buell in command of the Army of 
the Cumberland October 30. He was made Brigadier- 
General in the Regular Army October 27, 1863, and 
Major-General January 1, 1865. (See Stone River, 
Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Atlanta, Nashville, etc.) 

Thompson, Jacob, Buchanan's Secretary of the In- 
terior, went to Raleigh, to persuade the North Carolina 
Legislature to vote for secession, November 18, 1860. 
He resigned January 8, 1861, after betraying the sail- 
ing of the "Star of the West" to reinforce Fort Sumter. 

Thompson's Hill. (See Port Gibson.) 

Thompson's Station. (See Franklin, Tenn.) 

Thoroughfare Gap, Va., was occupied by Union 
troops April 2, 1862. General Stahl, on November 3, 
drove the rebels out of the gap and occupied it. 

Three-mile Station, Va., was attacked January 14, 
1864, by a party of 200 rebels, who were repulsed. 

Tiger Creek, Ga., was the scene of a Union victory 
April 29, 1864. 

Times, Chicago, was suppressed June 2, 1863, by 
order of General Burnside. President Lincoln revoked 
the order on the 4th. 

Tishamingo. (See Guntown.) 

Tolando, Miss., was occupied, and the 1st Alabama 
Cavalry captured, October 25, 1863. 

Tomkinsville, Ky., was the scene of an engagemeat 
April 22, 1863. Court-house destroyed. 

Trent. (See Mason.) 



REBELLION REGISTER. 229 

Triune, Tenn., was, on June 12, 1863, yttacked by a 
rebel force, who were repulsed. 

Tullahoma, Tenu., was occupied by General Rose- 
craus's advance July 1, 1863, Bragg evacuating the 
night before. 

Tunnel Hill, Ga. — General Palmer left Chattanooga 
for a reconnoisance toward Tunnel Hill January 27, 
1864. After considerable skirmishing, he next day 
drove in the rebel pickets, and then fell back to draw 
out the rebels, who retreated again at night. Union 
loss, 2 wounded; rebel loss, 10 killed and 20 or 25 
wounded. The rebels then held the position. General 
Palmer again, February 23, after skirmishing with the 
rebels all day, drove them to Tunnel Hill, capturing 
over 300 prisoners. Union loss, 75 killed and wounded. 
On the 25th he occupied the town, and, after consider- 
able skirmishing, his troops penetrated to the front of 
Dalton, losing 3 killed and 12 wounded. The rebels re- 
ported their loss at 150 killed and wounded. He fell 
back to Tunnel Hill next day. This was made a base in 
the commencement of operations against Buzzard Roost 
and Dalton. 

Tupelo, Miss. — The railroad bridge at this place was 
destroyed December 28, 1862. The rebels were de- 
feated here May 6, 1863, losing 100 prisoners. 

Tuscaloosa, Ala., was occupied by Wilson's cavalry 
March 22, 1865. 

Tuscumbia, Ala. — The Union troops, on December 
13, 1862, surprised and defeated a rebel force at this 
place. The same thing was done February 22, 1863; 
200 prisoners, one piece of artillery, a large quantity 
of ammunitioD, and a provision train were captured. 
The rebels attacked the Union gunboats April 2, but 
did no damage. The place was, on the 25th, occupied 
by Federal troops, the rebels being driven out. Federal 
loss, 100; rebel loss, not known. 

Tuscumbia, Mo., was a skirmish scene September 20, 
1861. 

Union City, Ky., was surrendered by Colonel Hawkins 
to General Forrest March 24, 1864. Union loss, 425 men, 
prisoners, and a number of horses, mules, etc. 

Union City, Tenn.— March 31, 1862, Colonel Buford, 



230 REBELLION REGISTER. 

with a force of inf^mtry, cavalry, and artillery, captured 
Union City, dispersing the rebel force at that place. 

Unionville, Tenn., was the scene of a battle March 7 
1863, between General Miuty's Union force and Russell's 
rebel cavalry, which resulted in the defeat of the rebels 
who lost 50 killed, 180 wounded, 58 prisoners, and a lo* 
of horses. 

Upperville, Va., was, after a few hours' engagement 
occupied by Gi-eneral Pleasanton March 3, 1862. The 
rebels were defeated in a cavalry engagement near this 
place June 21, 1863, and the Union forces were worsted 
in a like engagement February 26, 1864. 

Vallandigham, Clement L., was, at the outbreak of the 
rebellion, member of Congress from the 3d District of Ohio. 
By his outspoken and persistent opposition to raising 
men and money for forcibly putting down secession, he 
soon became the acknowledged leader of the Peace party. 
In a public speech at the Cooper Institute, N. Y., he 
used the following words: "If any one or more of the 
States of this Union should at any time secede — for 
reasons of sufficiency and justice of which, before God, 
they alone may judge — much as I should deplore it, I 
never would, as Representative in Congress, vote one 
dollar of money whereby one drop of American blood 
should be shed in civil war." February 7, 1861, he 
proposed to amend the Constitution : 

1st. Dividing the United States into four sections; 
the Korth^ composed of the New England and Middle 
(except Delaware) States ; the West, composed of Ohio, 
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, 
Kansas, and all new States formed out of territory north 
of 36° 30', and east of the Rocky Mountains; the 
Pacific, composed of Oregon, California, and all new 
States formed out of territory west of the Rocky Mount- 
ains or Rio Grande; the South, composed of all the slave 
States, and all new States formed out of territory south 
of 36° 30', and east of the Rio Grande and Rocky 
Mountains. 

2d. A majority of the Senators from each section shall 
be necessary to the passage of any bill, order, or resolu- 
tion, except adjournment. 

3d. A majority of the electors in each section shall 



REBELLION REfUSTER. 2B1 

be necessary to the choice of a President or Vice-Presi- 
dent, and details under this provision. 

4th. A State may secede with consent of the Legis- 
latures to the section of which it belongs, the President, 
subject to the approval of Congress, having power to 
arrange the terms of the secession. 

5th. Limiting the power of Congress. 

He declared himself, February 20, rejoiced that the 
question was " peaceable disunion on one hand, or Union 
through adjustment and conciliation on the other." 
He declared the Union broken up, and predicted the 
recognition of the Southern Confederacy by European 
powers within three months. On January 14, 1863, in 
Congress, he declared : " You can not conquer the South. 
* * * Fight, tax, emancipate have become the trinity 
of your deep damnation. You can not abolish slavery 
by argument; as well try to abolish marriage, etc. * * * 
This is not a war of sections; it is the old war of the 
Cavalier and the Roundhead — the Liberalist and the 
l^uritan. I propose informal, practical recognition (of 
the Confederacy). Stop fighting, withdraw and disband 
you armies, recall your fleets, and break up the block- 
ade. Accept foreign mediation as proposed by France," 
etc. He all along professed a great regard for the Con- 
stitution and Union, and was sanguine of the success of 
his peace measures, or of secession. 

May 1, 1863, while making a political speech at Mount 
Vernon, Ohio, he denounced the Government at Wash- 
ington as aiming not to restore the Union, but to es- 
tablish a despotism. He declared the war was waged to 
free the negro and enslave the white man ; that the 
Government did not desire peace, having rejected the 
offer from the South. He denounced Order No. 38, 
(which forbid certain disloyal practices, giving notice 
that persons declaring themselves in sympathy with the 
rebels would be arrested for trial, etc.,) and proclaimed 
his intention to disobey it, and called upon those who 
heard him to resist and defeat its execution. For this 
speech he was arrested on the 5th, by order of General 
Burnside, and ordered to Cincinnati for trial. He applied 
for a writ of habeas corpus, which was denied, and the 
trial proceeded before a court-martial, which found him 



232 REBELLION REGHSTER. 

guilty of tlie principal charges, and he was sentenced to 
close confinement in Fort Warren. The President modi- 
fied this sentence, by directing that he should be sent 
within the rebel lines, not to return to the United 
States during the war. This sentence was immediately 
carried into execution. 

The opponents of the Administration denominated this 
a case of martyrdom, and held public meetings in many 
places, denouncing the action as tyrannical and highly 
dangerous to public liberty. Mr. Vallandigham was, on 
June 10, nominated by the Peace party of Ohio as their 
candidate for Governor, and on the 26th a committee 
from the Convention nominating him waited upon the 
President, and demanded his immediate recall. The 
President ofi'ered to restore him if a majority of the 
committee would subscribe to the following proposi- 
tions: 

1. " That there is now a rebellion in the United States, 
the object and tendency of which is to destroy the Na- 
tional Union, and that, in your opinion, an army and 
navy are constitutional means for repressing the rebellion. 

2. That no one of you will do any thing which, in 
his own judgment, will tend to hinder the increase, or 
favor the decrease, or lessen the efficiency of the army 
or navy while engaged in the efi'ort to suppress that 
rebellion ; and, 

3. That each of you will, in his sphere, do ail he can 
to have the officers, soldiers, and seamen of the army 
and navy, while engaged in the effort to suppress the 
rebellion, paid, fed, clad, and otherwise well provided for 
and supported." 

This they declined doing, and he was not restored. 
He ran the blockade, and July 15 arrived at Clifton 
House, on the Canada side of Niagara Falls, and issued 
an address to the people of Ohio, accepting the nomi- 
nation for Grovernor. October 13 the election took place, 
at which he was defeated, Brough receiving 101,099 
majority. He returned to his home in Dayton June 15, 
1864. At the Chicago Convention he was Chairman of 
the Commmittee on Kesolutions. 

Van Buren, Ark., was captured by the Union forces 
under Herron and Blunt, December 28, 1862. A steamer 



REBELLION REGISTER. 233 

and 400 rebels were captured at this place, January 28, 
1863. 

Vermillionville, La., was occupied by the Union 
troops under Banks, after driving out the rebels, April 
17, 1863. 

Vicksburg, Miss., was, at an early stage of the rebell- 
ion, taken possession of by the rebels, who fortified it 
in the strongest manner. As the possession of this point 
was an efi'ectual blockade of the Mississippi, early efforts 
were made for its reduction by the Unionists. The 
mortar fleet, under command of Commodore Porter, ar- 
rived above Vicksburg June 20, 1862, and Farragut's 
fleet, from below, on the 25th. The bombardment was 
commenced next day, and on the 27th a canal, intended 
to isolate Vicksburg from the Mississipi River, and to 
alter the passage of the boats, was commenced, under 
the superintendance of Brigadier-General Williams. 
The fleet continued the bombardment of the batteries. 
Commodore Farragut, with his fleet, passed up above 
Vicksburg, silencing the rebel batteries, and communi- 
cated with General Halleck and. Commodore Davis on 
the 28th. 

The canal did not prove a success; the siege was 
abandoned. Another attempt was made, and General 
Sherman, December 27, attacked the outworks of the 
city, while the gun-boats engaged the Haines's Bluff" 
batteries. A detachment was sent across the Missis- 
sippi River to destroy the Vicksburg and Shreveport 
Railroad, to prevent reinforcements to the garrison. 
The Union troops steadily advanced, driving the rebels 
out of their intenchments; and next day the first and 
second lines were taken, after a severe contest, and the 
attacking party reached within two and a half miles of 
the city. 

On the 29th the Confederates, having been heavily 
reinforced, attacked the Federals with their full force, 
and succeeded in driving them back to their first line 
of defense. In the attack on Vicksburg, General Sher- 
man was to have had the co-operation of General Grant, 
but that General had been compelled to fall back from 
Holly Springs, which not only made co-operation im^ 
possible, but had given the enemy the opportunity of 



234 REBELLION REGISTER. 

bringing in reinforcements. The consequence was that 
the Federals had to withdraw from the contest, having 
lost 600 killed, 1,500 wounded, and about 1,000 pris- 
oners. The Lake Providence Canal was then tried, 
then the Moon Lake, or Yazoo Pass Canal, and finally 
the Rolling Fork and Sunflower passage, all of which 
proved unavailing. Again, on February 18, 1863, the 
Union mortar-fieet commenced another bombardment, 
which proved unsuccessful. 

The final siege commenced May 18, by General Grant, 
commanding. He said, in his report: "By this dispo- 
sition, the three army corps covered all the ground that 
their strength would admit of, and by the morning of 
the 19th the investment of Vicksburg was made as 
complete as could be by the forces under my com- 
mand." 

An ineffectual assault was made on the 19th, and on 
the 22d a general assault, the gun-boats co-operating, 
was commenced at 10 o'clock A. M. Slowly and stead- 
ily the Union forces approached, without opposition, 
until within forty yards of the works, when suddenly 
they were met with a terrific fire, and compelled to re- 
tire, with a loss of nearly 1,000 men killed, wounded, 
and prisoners. 

General Grant then determined upon a regular siege, 
and the troops commenced digging. The sappers con- 
structed their corridors, passages, and pits amid a blaz- 
ing fire of musketry, and in the fiercest rays of the 
summer sun, with a fortitude which has no parallel in 
history, and is equaled only by that of the Vicksburg 
garrison. Day after day — forty-six in all — did this 
process continue, one-half digging, while the other 
picked off the rebels who were endeavoring to interrupt 
them. 

Admiral Porter co-operated heartily and vigorously 
with the army in all their operations. His gun-boats 
were constantly below the cit}^, shelling the works, and 
the mortar-boats were at work for forty-two days, with- 
out intermission, throwing shells into all parts of the 
city. He also supplied the army with a large amount 
of artillery and ordnance, and prevented the depreda- 
tions of guerrillas between Cairo and Vicksburg. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 235 

Every precaution was taken during the siege, to 
t::uard against an attack in the rear. Sherman was 
placed in command of all the troops designated to look 
uner Johnston, The division of Osterhaus was sent to 
the B'lj. Black to guard the crossings and repel any at- 
tack. A reconnoissance was also sent out under Blair, 
which reported no enemy within striking distance. 

The sapping and mining progressed rapidly until the 
25th of June, when one of the mines was ready to be 
sprung. The enemy, on their side, kept running coun- 
ter-saps, so as to meet and cross those of the Uni^n 
laborers, and, in two or three instances, only a thin 
wall of eardi separated the combatants. 

The mine under the principal fort of the enemy was 
exploded June 25. The explosion was terrific, the fort 
and every thing connected with it being blown into the 
air, and scattered around in all directions. Immediately 
the batteries along the whole line, with the mortar and 
gun-boat fleet, opened upon the enemy, who replied 
vigorously. As soon as the explosion had taken place, 
Leggett's brigade, of McPherson's corps, rushed into the 
sap and fort, and, after a severe contest of half an hour, 
the flag of the 45th Illinois Regiment appeared on the 
summit of the work. When the fort was gained, the 
pioneer corps mounted it, and commenced throwing up 
intrenchments and preparing to mount artillery. 

After the explosion of this mine, the work of con- 
structing parallels was resumed. As the Union lines 
advanced, the rebels retired, constructing inner lines of 
defense as the outer ones were taken. 

Though the result of these operations must inevitably 
have been a surrender, it was known that the Vicksburg 
garrison had another enemy to contend with — exhaustion. 
It was soon evident that they were short of provisions, 
and must, in the end, be starved into surrender. The 
work upon the mines was then relaxed, a sufiicient 
demonstration being kept up with artillery and musketry 
to annoy the enemy. The pear was ripe, and Grant only 
waited for it to drop into his hands. It was afterward 
learned that the garrison of Vicksburg were reduced to 
dregs of their commissaries. Mule meat, though not 
eaten as a necessity, had become preferable to their 



236 REBELLION REGISTER. 

pickled beef. They had no pork or flour, and but a 
limited supply of unground corn. Their ammunition 
was nearly exhausted, and only ten percussion caps to 
the man were found in their pouches. The result was 
inevitable. 

At eight o'clock A. M., July 3, a flag of truce came out 
from the rebel lines, with a communication for General 
Grant. It proved to be a proposition for an armistice, 
with a view to arranging terms of capitulation. General 
Grant promptly replied that his only terms were an un- 
conditional surrender of the city and garrison. General 
Bowen, the bearer of the communication, requested that 
General Grant would meet General Pemberton, to consult 
concerning terms. This was readily agreed to, and at 
three o'clock P. M., after a brief renewal of hostilities, 
the two Generals met in front of General Burbridge's 
line, where they sat in close conversation for an hour 
and a half. The conference broke up without any definite 
decision. In the evening General Grant sent in a pro- 
posal, which was not replied to until daybreak the next 
morning, when Pemberton requested modifications of the 
terras off'ered. General Grant then sent his final note, 
agreeing to certain of the modifications, and General 
Pemberton promptly forwarded his acceptance of the 
terms proposed. Thus, at ten o'clock on the morning 
of the 4th of July, 1863, Vicksburg had surrendered, 
and the Mississippi Valley was held by Union forces. 

The terms agreed upon were, that each brigade should 
march to the front of the lines occupied by it, stack arms, 
and then to return to the inside, to remain as prisoners 
of war until properly paroled. Officers were allowed to 
retain their private baggage and side-arms, and mounted 
ofiicers one horse each. The rank and file were to be 
allowed their clothing, but no other property. Necessary 
rations might be taken from the rebel stores (there proved 
to be no rebel stores), and 30 wagons were allowed them. 

The formal entry was made at one o'clock in the af- 
ternoon, by General Logan's division marching in as 
provost guard, and raising the Union flag on the public 
buildings. Rebel loss, 34,000, including one Lieutenant- 
General, and 19 Major and Brigadier-Generals, 102 field 
Oncers, 213 guns, 35,000 small arms, 87 stand of colors. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 237 

and a small lot of ammunition and stores. About 1,200 
women and children had been living in caves; 2,500 
persons had been killed inside during the siege. 

Vienna, Va., was the scene of a Union surprise and 
defeat — 8 Union and 6 rebels killed — June 17, 1861. The 
rebels were successful in a cavalry skirmish here Novem- 
ber 26. 

Village Creek, Ark., was occupied June 12, 1862, by 
the Unionists, after defeating the rebels, who lost 28 
killed, wounded, and prisoners. Union loss, 1 prisoner 
and 12 wounded. 

Virginia. — The Governor, November 16, 1860, called 
an extra session of the State Legislature, which convened 
at Richmond January 7, 1861, and on the 15th passed 
a bill calling a State Convention — in the Senate, 45 to 
1 ; in the House, unanimously. On the 18th they ap- 
propriated $1,000,000 for the defense of the State. An 
election for delegates to a State Convention was held 
February 4. It was reported that a majority of members 
chosen were Union men, and the vote on the question 
of referring the action of the Convention back to the 
people resulted in a majority of 56,000 in favor of such 
reference. The Convention met at Richmond on the 
13th. Commissioners were sent to the Peace Conference ; 
and after their return, April 4, the Convention, by the 
decisive vote of 89 to 45, refused to pass a secession 
ordinance. Governor Fetcher, on the 16th, refused to 
furnish troops under the President's proclamation. 
Next day the Convention passed an ordinance of seces- 
sion — 88 to 55 — to take effect, if ratified by the people, 
on May 4 ; and the Governor recognized the Confederate 
States by proclamation. He soon afterward entered into 
an agreement with the Confederacy, through A. H. 
Stevens, whereby all the public property, naval stores, 
munitions of war, etc., acquired by the State from the 
United States, were turned over to the said Confederacy. 
This agreement was approved by the Convention on the 
25th. It was understood that those who did not vote 
for secession in the eastern and southern parts of the 
State had better not vote at all; that they had better leave 
the State. Under this rule the result was announced, 
*' 125,950 for, and 20,373 against secession, not including 



238 REBELLION BEGISTER. 

several western eoiinties." The Grovernor, on May 3, 
called out the militia to defend the State from the 
Northerners; and it was admitted into the Southern 
Confederacy May 6. President Lincoln declared the 
State in insurrection August 16. (See West Virginia.) 

Wallerboro, S. C, was occupied March 3, 1865, by 
Kilpatrick, after he had driven out a small rebel force. 

Warrensburg, Mo., was the scene of a Union victory — 
150 rebels captured— November 18, 1861. 200 of Quan- 
trell's men were repulsed in an attack on this place 
March 26, 1862, by 60 Union troops, under Major Foster. 
Rebel loss, 9 killed, 16 wounded, and 25 horses ; Union 
loss, 2 killed and 11 wounded. Captain Parker's guer- 
rillas were, on the 28th, defeated near this place, losing 
15 killed and 21 prisoners. 

Warrenton, Va. — A brigade of cavalry, under Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Karge, captured and paroled 1,600 rebels 
at this place September 29, 1862. The town was occu- 
pied by the Federal advance November 6. They left it 
on the 15th, moving toward Fredericksburg. Several 
Union signal officers were captured here August 14, 
1863. White's rebel cavalry were here defeated Septem- 
ber 18, and again October 31. 

Warrenton Junction was the scene of skirmishe: 
September 25 and November 19, 1862, and April 21 
and May 3 and 30, 1863; none of them decisive. 

Warsaw, Ky., was occupied and the State arms seized 
September 24, 1861. 

Warsaw, Mo., was a skirmish scene October 16, 1861 
The town was burned by the rebels November 19. 

Washington, D. C. — Several demonstrations wen 
made by the rebels against the Capital, but all unavailing 

Washington, John A. (See Elkwater.) 

Washington, La., was occupied by General Banks- 
April 20, 1863. 

Washington, N. C, was occupied by General Burn 
side's troops March 21, 1862. An indecisive engage 
ment occurred here June 10. The Union garrison at 
this place were, September 6, attacked by 1,200 rebels , 
after a fight of two hours, the enemy were repulsed and 
pursued 7 miles, with the loss of 4 guns and numerous 
prisoners. 



REBELLION REGISTER. 239 

The Union pickets were driven in, March 28, 1863, 
and the rebels attacked the town on the 30th. They 
were, with the assistance of the gun-boats, driven back. 
They renewed the attack next day, closely investing the 
place. The siege was continued two weeks, when it was 
raised without result. 

Watauga Bridg-e, Tenn., was destroyed by Union 
forces December 30, 1862. 

Waterloo Bridge, Va., was a skirmish scene August 
25, 1862. 

Waterproof, La. — 800 rebel cavalry attacked the gar- 
rison of 200 colored troops, at this place, February 14, 
1864; but, with the aid of gun-boats, after two and a 
half hours' fighting, were driven off; Union loss, 2 killed 
and 5 wounded ; rebels left 8 killed and 5 prisoners. 

Wachusett. (See " Florida.") 

Waverly, Tenn., was the scene of skirmishes — rebels 
defeated each time — October 23, 1862, and April 11, 
1863. 

Waynesboro, Ga., was occupied and the public build- 
ings burned by Sherman's forces November 27, 1864. 
Kilpatrick with his cavalry force attacked Wheeler, and 
drove him out of his works and through Waynesboro, 
with considerable loss. Wheeler was thus placed in the 
rear of Sherman's line of march, and the latter's cavalry 
force kept him there. 

Weber Falls, Ark., was the scene of an engagement 
and rebel defeat, April 24, 1863. 

Weongahick, Va., was occupied by General Sheridan 
March 16, 1865. 

Wesley, Ky., was a skirmish scene — rebels defeated — 
Mcirch 16, 1863. 

West Liberty, Ky., was the scene of a spirited en- 
gagement October 23, 1861. The rebels were defeated, 
with considerable loss. 

Weston, Mo. — A train on the Platte County Railroad 
was seized, upon its arrival at Weston, by guerrillas, 
under the rebel Gordon, November 29, 1861. The town 
was occupied by 1,000 Kansas troops, under Colonel 
Jennison, after driving out the rebels, July 26, 1864. 

West Point, Va.— On May 7, 1862, the rebels at- 
tacked the Union troops landing from transports, but, 



240 REBELLION REGISTER. 

after a severe struggle, were routed, losing about 1,000 
killed and wounded. Union loss, 250. The Union gun- 
boats took part in the action. The town was occupied 
by Federal troops May 7, 1863 ; they evacuated the 
place June 2. 

West Port, Mo., was a skirmish scene June 17, 1863. 
The Union forces, under Curtis, were driven out by 
Shelby, October 23, 1864. Shelby was, in turn, defeated 
next day by Pleasanton. 

West Virginia. — An anti-secession convention of 
delegates, from the counties of Western Virginia, met 
at Wheeling, 35 counties being represented. May 13, 
1861. After passing resolutions in favor of the Union, 
and recommending a division of the State of Virginia, 
it adjourned on the 15th, having called a Provisional 
Convention, to assemble at Wheeling June 11. The 
delegates to this convention were chosen May 26. About 
40 counties chose delegates, and they met at the time 
and place designated. This body denounced as usurpers 
the Richmond Convention, which had passed the seces- 
sion ordinance, repudiated the idea of allegiance to the 
Southern Confederacy, and vacated the offices of all who 
adhered to the rebellion. On the 20th, they unan- 
imously resolved upon ultimate separation, and the same 
day elected F. H. Pierpont Governor. President Lin- 
coln, on the 26th, acknowledged the Wheeling Govern- 
ment as the Government of Virginia. Congress ratified 
this action, and the new Legislature met at the same 
place July 2. On the 9th they elected John S. Carlile 
and Waitman T. Willey to the United States Senate, in 
place of Hunter and Mason. The bill admitting West 
Virginia into the Union as a State, distinct from Vir- 
ginia, was approved December 31, 1862. The report of 
the new State's financial condition, December 31, 1863, 
showed no debt, and $209,683 in the treasury. 

White House, Va. (See Grant's Report.) 

White Oak Swamp. (See Charles City Cross-roads.) 

White Point, North Edisto Island, S. C, was cap- 
tured by Union troops May 1, 1862. 

White Sulphur Springs, Va., was a skirmish scene 
November 13, 1862, and also October 12, 1863. 

Wild Cat, Ky., was the scene of a hard-fought battle 



REBELLION REGISTER. 241 

October 21, 1861. The Unionists, under Schoepf, de- 
feated the Confederates, under ZoUicoflfer. Union loss, 
4 killed and 21 wounded; rebel loss, unknown. 

Wilderness. (See Grant's Report.) 

Wilks. (See Mason.) 

WilliamsDurg, Va. — The advance of General McClel- 
lan's army overtook the rear of the Confederates at thig 
place May 5, 1862, when a fight ensued. The battle 
raged furiously all day. Toward night General Hancock 
succeeded in turning the rebel left, when they broke 
and retreated under cover of the night. Union loss, 
455 killed, 1,411 wounded, and 388 missing; rebel loss, 
about 3,000. The town was evacuated by the rebels 
during the night, leaving more than 1,000 wounded men 
in the hospitals. The place was occupied by the Fed- 
erals next day. The rebel cavalry were repulsed here 
September 9. The Union cavalry fell into an ambush 
here February 7, 1863, losing 40 men. The rebels at- 
tacked the place March 29, but were repulsed, with con- 
siderable loss; the same action was repeated April 30. 

Williamsport, Md. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Williamsport, Tenn. — Several fights occurred at thii 
place August 11, 1862, between guerrilla and Union 
forces, in each of which the rebels were defeated, with 
considerable loss. 

Wilmington, N. C. — The forts at this place were 
seized by the State authorities January 2, 1861. This 
soon became notorious as a haven for blockade-runners, 
and so continued until the taking of Fort Fisher. (See 
Fort Fisher.) January 18, 1864, General Paine recon- 
noitered in force from Fort Fisher toward Wilmington, 
and, after some skirmishing, fell back to his intrench- 
ments. This was repeated several times. General Terry, 
on the 11th, advanced, with two divisions, from Fort 
Fisher toward the city, the fleet co-operating, carried 
the rebel outer-works at the south end of Myrtle Sound, 
and intrenched close up to their main line, 12 miles from 
Wilmington. 

General Schofield now co-operated with General Terry 

and the fleet and he, on the 18th, advanced from the 

land side, while Porter shelled the works from the boats. 

Fort Anderson was evaeuatefl en the 19th, the rebelt 

11 



242 REBELLION RSOISTER. 

retiring toward Wilmington, the Unionists following, 
and next day took 2 guns and 340 prisoners. The Union 
forces, on the 21st, reached a point on the opposite side 
of the river from Wilmington, when the bridges were 
burning; the rebels, seeing this, burned 1,000 bales of 
cotton and 15,000 barrels of resin, and prepared to evac- 
uate, which they did that night, the Union forces enteiv 
ing on the morning of the 22d. The entire rebel works 
in and about Wilmington and all the way down the 
river, 19 forts and batteries in all — being, perhaps, the 
strongest fortified harbor in the world — thus fell into 
Union possession. Three locomotives and a dozen cars 
were left in the railroad shops uninjured; 1 ram and 2 
transports escaped up the river. The Union loss, in all, 
since the capture of Fort Fisher, was about 200. 

Wilson's Creek, Mo. (See Lyon.) 

Winchester, Va., was the scene of a skirmish and 
Union victory March 11, 1862, and also on the 22d. 
The Union army that night slept on their arms. Next 
morning at sunrise, the Confederates, 12,000 strong, 
under Jackson, attacked General Shields, with 10,000, 
at Kearnstown, near Winchester, Virginia. The fight 
was continued till noon, when a charge drove the rebels 
back half a mile. They rallied, and in turn drove the 
Unionists back. General Shields ordered the left flank 
turned, which was done in gallant style. Both sides 
fought desperately until 3 P. M., when a panic seized 
the rebels, and they fled toward Strasburg. Union loss, 
115 killed and 450 wounded; rebel loss, 869 killed, 
wounded, and missing. 

General Banks, in his retreat, occupied the town May 
24. The town was again taken by the Federals Decem- 
ber 3, who captured 140 prisoners. The Unionists, in a 
skirmish here May 19, 1863, captured a few prisoners. 
(See Grant's Report, and Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Winnsborongh, S. C, was occupied by Slocum's 
forces February 21, 1865. The town was fired and a 
great part of it consumed, having caught from the cot- 
ton belonging to a rebel woman, who fired it herself. 

Winton, N. C, was burned by Burnside's gun-boats 
February 20, 1862. 

Woodbury, Ky. — Colonel Burbridge, with 250 men 



REBELLION EEGISTIR. 243 

and two pieces of artillery, attacked a body of 400 
rebels in camp at Woodbury, routed them, and burned 
their camp October 29, 1861. 

Woodbury, Tenn., was the scene of a severe fight and 
Union victory August 28, 1862. There was a skirmish 
here January 24, 1863, lasting aa hour. Union loss, 9 
wounded; rebel loss, 100 prisoners. 

The Union forces, under General Hazen, marched to 
attack the rebels at this place April 2, but being ap- 
prised of the movement to capture them, they fled. The 
cavalry had a running fight for three miles. 15 rebels 
were killed and wounded, and 30 captured; 50 horses 
and a quantity of ammunition were also taken. Union 
loss, one wounded. 

Woodburn, Tenn., was the scene of a skirmish and 
Union victory May 2, 1863, The depot at this place 
was burned by guerrillas August 20, 1864. 

Woodville, Miss., was occupied, and the public build- 
ings burned, by Union troops, August 15, 1863. 

World. (See Daily News and Bogus Proclamation.) 

Worthington, Va. — Colonel Grossman, September 2, 
1861, with two companies, attacked a superior force of 
Confederates at this place, but were compelled to retire, 
losing two men. 

Wytheville, Va., was occupied by Unionists July 15, 
1863. They cut the line of the Virginia and Tennessee 
Railroad ;' 120 prisoners, 3 pieces of artillery, and 700 
small arms were captured. Rebel loss, about 75 killed 
and wounded ; Union loss, 65 killed and wounded. (See 
Saltville.) 

Tazoo Pass Expedition. — This movement was under- 
taken to flank Vicksburg, cutting it off from supplies, 
but proved a failure. It cost both parties a vast amount 
of time and material, and was about equally disastrous 
to each. It occupied from February 22 until about 
May 25, 1863, including the other moves taken in con- 
nection with it. 

Yellow Bayou, La. — During Banks's retreat from the 
Red River country, the rebels attacked him at this place 
May 18, 1864. They were met by Generals Mower and 
A J. Smith, who checked the rebels, with some loss. 



244 REBELLION REOISTER. 

Yellow Creek, Mo. — The rebels, under Poindexter, 
were scattered here August 13, 1862. 

York, Penn. (See Pennsylvania Invasion.) 

Yorktown, Va. — McClellan arrived in front of this 
place April 5, 1862. The rebels opened fire, which was 
returned. Union loss, 6 killed, 16 wounded. The rebels 
again, April 18, made a night attack, which was re- 
pulsed. The rebels left the city May 3, leaving all 
their heavy guns, large quantities of ammunition and 
camp equipage. McClellan occupied the place next day. 

Young's Point. (See Vicksburg.) 

Youngsville, Ala., was occupied by General Rousseau 
July 16, 1864. He burned four warehouses filled with 
corn and bacon. 

Zollicoffer, Tenn., was the scene of a brisk but inde- 
cisive engagement September 20, 1863. 



CITIZENS' MANUAL. 



OUR NATIONAL SECURITIES. 247 

OUR NATIONAL SECURITIES 

are of several different kinds. The bulk of the Pub- 
lic Debt, however, is embraced in the five following 
classes : 

1st. The " Seven-Thirties," which bear seven and 
three-tenths per cent, interest, payable in currency, 
having three years to run, and then convertible into 
currency or Five-twenties, at the option of the holder. 

2d. The " Five-twenties," which bear six per cent, 
interest, payable semi-annually in gold, having twenty 
years to run, but which may be paid off in gold by the 
Government, on due notice to the holders, at any time 
after five years. 

3d. The " Ten-forties," which bear five per cent, 
interest, payable semi-annually in gold, having forty 
years to run, but which may be paid off in gold on no- 
tice to the holders, at any time after ten years. 

4th. The " Sixes of 1881," which bear six per cent, 
interest, payable semi-annually in gold, having twenty 
years to run (from 1861), and then payable in gold. 

5th. The " Legal Tender" or " Greenbacks," which 
are a legal tender for all debts, except duties on imports 
and interest on the gold-bearing bonds. There was, 
January 1, 1861, of these bills, including fractional cur- 
rency, $640,780,861 37, of which $452,231,820 37 is free 
of interest, and $188,549,041 bears simple or compound 
interest, payable on the maturity of the notes, most of 
them six per cent., payable three years after 1864, the 
interest compounded in a table on the back of the note 
every six months. 

In addition to the above, there are Oregon War 
Bonds, Texas Indemnity Bonds, Gold Certificates of De- 
posit, Certificates of Indebtedness, U. P. R. R. Bonds, 
and Temporary Loans. 



243 



REBELLION REGISTER. 



THE NATIONAL DEBT. 

The following is a statement of the public debt of 
the United States at certain dates: 



1796 $75,463,476 52 

1795 80,747,587 36 

1800 82,976,294 35 

1805 82,212,150 50 

1810 53,173,217 52 

1815 99,833,660 15 

1820 91,015,566 15 

1825 83,788,432 71 

1830 48,565,408 50 

1835 351,282 05 

1840 5,025,077 63 

1845 17,093,794 80 

1850 64,228,238 37 

1855 39,969,731 05 

1860 64,769,703 08 



Jan. 1, 1866, the Public Debt was as follows: 

Five-twenties $665,370,800 00 

Ten-forties 172,770,100 00 

Sixes of 1881 282,645,800 00 

Five and Six per cent. Bonds... 46,361,591 80 



Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Jan. 




Nov. 


17, 


July 





Debt bearing Gold Interest 1,167,148,291 80 

Seven-thirties 830,000,000 00 

Compound Interest Not«s 180,012,141 00 

Sundry Items 169,463,094 50 



Debt bearing Currency Interest 1,179,475,235 50 

Debt due, not presented for payment. 1,166,880 32 
Debt bearing no Interest 459,519,950 37 



Total Debt $2,807,310,357 99 

Cash in the Treasury 90,728,821 80 



Balance 2,716,581,636 19 



NATIONAL DEBTS OP THE WORLD. 



249 



NATIONAL DEBTS OF THE WORLD. 

Country. National Debt. Population. Caoita 

Great Britain $3,913,324,000 29,000,000 $134 91 

Netherlands 450,120,000 3,500,000 128 61 

Hamburg 22,264,000 222,000 100 73 

United States.... 2,716,581,536 31,445,080 87 22 

France 1,936,000,000 36,000,000 55 17 

Portugal 145,200,000 4,000,000 36 30 

Spain 517,880,000 16,000,000 32 37 

Austria 1,084,160,000 35,000,000 30 40 

Belgium 126,808,000 4,500,000 28 17 

Bavaria 122,840,000 4,600,000 26 70 

Denmark 58,080,000 2,600,000 22 34 

Hanover 33,396,000 1,800,000 18 55 

Greece 19,360,000 1,070,000 18 09 

Russia 1,118,040,000 75,000,000 14 91 

Wurtemburg 24,200,000 1,700,000 14 23 

Prussia 203,280,000 18,000,000 11 29 

Brazil 75,020,000 7,700,000 9 74 

Chili 7,260,000 1,400,000 5 19 

Sweden 8,228,000 3,700,000 2 22 

11* 



250 REBELLION REGISTER. 

VOLUNTEERS AND BOUNTIES. 

The several States furnislied Volunteers during the 
rebellion, as follows : 

-. Aggregate Aggregates reduced 

oiMM. ^^ ^f jyjgj, to a 3 yrs' standard. 

Connecticut 57,270 50,514 

Delaware 13,651 10,303 

District of Columbia 16,872 11,506 

Illinois 258,217 212,694 

Indiana 195,147 152,283 

Iowa 75,860 68,182 

Kansas 20,097 18,654 

Kentucky 78,540 70,348 

Maine 71,745 56,595 

Maryland 49,730 40,692 

Massachusetts 151,785 123,844 

Michigan 90,119 80,865 

Minnesota 25,034 19,675 

Missouri 108,773 86,192 

New Hampshire 34,605 30,827 

New Jersey 79,511 55,785 

New York 455,568 380,980 

Ohio 317,133 239,976 

Pennsylvania 366,326 267,558 

Rhode Island 23,711 17,878 

Vermont 35,256 29,052 

West Virginia 30,003 27,653 

Wisconsin 96,118 78,985 

Totals 2,653,062 2,129,041 

The volunteers received bounties as follows : 

1,156,868 received $100 each $115,686,800 

10,606 " 200 " 2,121,200 

396,709 " 300 « 119,012,700 

158,507 " 400 " 63,402,800 

930,372 " no bounty. 

Total amonnt of bounties paid. . . $300,223,500 

To equalize the bounties (at $400) will require, in 
addition to the amount already paid, $761,001,300. 



•^ 



PROCLAMATIONS. 



[To flare space, the asual closing, '* In testimony whereof, etc.," the data 
and seal, with the signatures of the President and Secretary of State» are 
omitted.] 



"THE SIXTY-DAYS' NOTICE." 

By Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States q/" America. 

Dated July 25, 1862. 

In pursuance of the sixth section of the act of Con- 
gress, entitled "An act to suppress insurrection and to 
punish treason and rebellion, to seize and confiscate the 
property of rebels, and for other purposes," approved 
July 17, 1862, and which act, and the joint resolution 
explanatory thereof, are herewith published, I, Abra- 
ham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby 
proclaim to and warn all persons within the contem- 
plation of said sixth section to cease participating in, 
aiding, countenancing, or abetting the existing rebellion, 
or any rebellion, against the Government of the United 
States, and to return to their proper allegiance to the 
United States, on pain of the forfeitures and seizures as 
within and by said sixth section provided. 



A PROCLAMATION GIVING NOTICE OF THE EMANCIPA- 
TION PROCLAMATION, AND GALLING ATTENTION TO 
CERTAIN ACTS OF CONGRESS. 

By Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America. 
Dated September 22, 1862. 

I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States 
of America, and Commander-in-chief of the army and 
navy thereof, do hereby proclaim and declare that here- 

(261} 



252 REBELLION REGISTER. 

after, as heretofore, the war will be prosecuted for tho 
object of practically restoring the constitutional relation 
between the United States and the people thereof, in 
which States that relation is, or may be, suspended or 
disturbed ; that it is my purpose, upon the next meet- 
ing of Congress, to again recommend the adoption of a 
practical mea.«arj, tendering pecuniary aid to the free 
acceptance or rejection of all the slave States so called, 
the people whereof may not then be in rebellion against 
the United States, and which States may then have vol- 
untarily adopted, or thereafter may voluntarily adopt, 
the immediate or gradual abolishment of slavery within 
their respective limits; and that the effort to colonize 
persons of African descent, with their consent, upon 
this continent or elsewhere, with the previously obtained 
consent of the governments existing there, will be con- 
tinued; that on the first day of January, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 
all persons held as slaves within any State, or any desig- 
nated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be 
in rebellion against the United States, shall be thence- 
forward and forever free, and the Executive Government 
of the United States, inckiding the military and naval 
authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the free- 
dom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to re- 
press such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they 
may make for their actual freedom ; that the Executive 
will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclama- 
tion, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in 
which the people thereof respectively shall then be in 
rebellion against the United States, and the fact that 
any State, or the people thereof, shall, on that day, be 
in good faith represented in the Congress of the United 
States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein 
a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall 
have participated, shall, in the absence of strong coun- 
tervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that 
such State and the people thereof are not then in rebell- 
ion against the United States. 

[Attention is\ ,<5re called to certain Acts of Ooogreas, and obedience to them 
enjoined. For the acts referred to, see Anti-iSlavery Progress, " New Articles 
of War," and "An Aet to suppress ineurrectioQ," etc.— Ed.] 



PROCLAMATIONS. 253 

And the Executive will, in due time, recommend that 
all citizens of the United States who shall have remained 
loyal thereto throughout the rebellion shall, upon the 
restoration of the constitutional relation between the 
United States and their respective States and people, if 
the relation shall have been suspended or disturbed, be 
compensated for all losses by acts of the United States, 
including the loss of slaves. 



THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 

By Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America. 

Dated January 1, 1863. 

Whereas, on the twenty-second day of September, 
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclama- 
tion was issued by the President of the United States, 
containing, among other things, the following, to-wit: 

" That, on the first day of January, in the year of our 
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all 
persons held as slaves within any State, or designated 
part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in re- 
bellion against the United States, shall be then, thence- 
forth, and forever free, and the Executive Government 
of the United States, including the military and naval 
authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the free- 
dom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to re- 
press such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they 
may make for their actual freedom. 

" That the Executive will, on the first day of January 
aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and 
parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof re- 
spectively shall then be in rebellion against the United 
States, and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, 
shall, on that day, be, in good faith, represented in the 
Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto 
at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters 
of such State shall have participated, shall, in the ab- 
sence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed 
conclusive evidence that such State and the people 
thereof are not then in rebellion against the United 
States." 



254 EEBELLION REGISTER. 

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the 
United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as 
Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of the 
United States in time of actual armed rebellion against 
the authority and Government of the United States, and 
as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said 
rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 
and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly 
proclaim for the full period of one hundred days from 
the day of the first above-mentioned order, and desig- 
nate, as the States and parts of States wherein the peo- 
ple thereof respectively are this day in rebellion against 
the United States, the following, to-wit: Arkansas, 
Texas, Louisiana, (except the parishes of St. Bernard, 
Plaquemines, Jeflferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, 
Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. 
Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of Or- 
leans,) Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South 
Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, (except the 
forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and 
also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, 
Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, in- 
cluding the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which 
excepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if 
this proclamation were not issued. 

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose afore- 
said, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves 
within said designated States and parts of States are, 
and henceforward shall be, free ; and that the Executive 
Government of the United States, including the military 
and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and main- 
tain the freedom of said persons. 

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to 
be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary 
self-defense, and I recommend to them that, in all cases, 
when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. 

And I further declare and make known, that such 
persons, of suitable condition, will be received into the 
armed service of the United States, to garrison forts, po- 
sitions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels. of 
all sorts in said service. 



PROCLAMATIONS. 255 

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of 
justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military 
necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of man- 
kind and the gracious favor of Almighty Grod. 



AMNESTY PROCLAMATION. 

By Abraham Lincoln, President of the United Statet of America. 

Dated December 8, 1863. 

Whereas, in and by the Constitution of the United 
States, it is provided that the President shall have power 
to grant reprieves and pardons for oflfenses against the 
United States, except in cases of impeachment ; and 

Whereas, a rebellion now exists, whereby the loyal 
State governments of several States have, for a long time, 
been subverted, and many persons have committed and 
are now guilty of treason against the United States ; and 

Whereas, with reference to said rebellion and treason, 
laws have been enacted by Congress, declaring forfeiture 
and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, all 
upon terms therein stated ; and, also, declaring that the 
President was thereby authorized, at any time thereafter, 
by proclamation, to extend to persons who have partici- 
pated in the existing rebellion, in any State or part 
thereof, pardon and amnesty, with such exceptions and 
at such times and on such conditions as he may deem 
expedient for the public welfare. 

Whereas, the Congressional declaration for limited 
and conditional pardon accords with the well-established 
judicial exposition of the pardoning power ; and whereas, 
with reference to the said rebellion, the President of the 
United States has issued several proclamations with pro- 
visions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and 

Whereas, it is now desired by some persons hereto- 
fore engaged in the said rebellion to resume their alle- 
giance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal 
State governments within and for their respective States ; 
therefore, 

I, Abraham Lincoln, JPresident of the United States, 
do proclaim, declare, and make known to all persons 
who have directly or by implication participated in the 



256 REBELLION REGISTER. 

existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, a full 
pardon is hereby granted them and each of them, with 
restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, 
and in property cases where the rights of third parties 
shall have intervened, and upon condition that every such 
person shall take and subscribe an oath, and thencefor- 
ward keep and maintain said oath inviolate, and which 
oath shall be registered for permanent asseveration, and 
shall be of the tenor and effect following, to-wit : 

I, , do solemnly swear, in the presence of 

Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully sup- 
port, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United 
States and the Union of the States thereunder, and that 
I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support 
all acts of Congress passed during the existing rebellion, 
with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not re- 
pealed, modified, or held void by Congress or by de- 
cision of the Supreme Court, and that I will, in like 
manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations 
of the President made during the rebellion, having refer- 
ence to slaves, so long and so far as not modified or de- 
clared void by decision of the Supreme Court, so help 
me God 1 

The persons excepted from the benefits of the fore- 
going provisions are, all who are or shall have been civil 
or diplomatic agents of the so-called Confederate Gov- 
ernment; all who have left judicial stations under the 
United States to aid the rebellion ; all who are or shall 
have been military or naval ofl&cers of said so-called Con- 
federate Government, above the rank of colonel in the 
army and lieutenant in the navy; all who left seats in 
the United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all who 
have resigned commissions in the army or navy of the 
United States and afterward aided the rebellion ; and all 
who have engaged, in any way, in treating colored per- 
sons or white persons in charge of such, otherwise than 
lawfully, as prisoners of war; and which persons may 
have been found in the United States service as soldiers, 
seamen, or in any other capacity. 

And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known 
that whenever, in any of the States of Arkansas, Texas, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, 



PROCLAMATIONS. 257 

Florida, South Carolina, and Nortli Carolina, a number 
of persons, not less than one-tenth of the votes cast in 
such States at the presidential election of the year of 
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty, each 
having taken the oath aforesaid, and not having since 
violated it, and being a qualified voter by the election 
law of the State existing immediately before the so- 
called act of secession, and excluding all other, shall 
re-establish a State government which shall be repub- 
lican and in no wise contravening said oath, such shall 
be recognized as the true government of the State, and 
the State shall receive thereunder the benefit of the 
constitutional provision which declares that the United 
States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a re- 
publican form of government and shall protect each of 
them against invasion on application of the Legislature, 
or of the Executive, when the Legislature can not be 
convened, against domestic violence. 

And I do further proclaim and make known that any 
provision which may be adopted by such State, in rela- 
tion to the freed people of such State which shall rec- 
ognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for 
their education, and which may yet be consistent as a 
temporary arrangement with their present condition, as 
a laboring, landless, and houseless class, will not be ob- 
jected to by the National Executive. ^• 

And it is engaged as not improper that, in construct- 
ing a loyal State government in any State, the name of 
the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the constitu- 
tion, and the general code laws as before the rebellion, 
be maintained, subject only to the modifications made 
necessary by the conditions hereintofore stated, and such 
others, if any, not contravening said conditions, and 
which may be deemed expedient by those framing the 
new State government. 

To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say 
that this proposition, so far as it relates to State govern- 
ment, has no reference to States wherein loyal State gov- 
ernments have all the while been maintained; and for 
the same reasons it may be proper to further say, that 
whether members sent to Congress from any State shall 
be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusively 



258 MtOCLAMATIONS. 

with the respective Houses and not, to any extent, with 
the Executive; and still further, that this proclamation 
is intended to present the people of the States, wherein 
the national authority has been suspended and loyal State 
governments have been subverted, a mode in and by which 
the national authority and loyal State governments may 
be re-established within said States or any of them ; and 
while the mode presented is the best the Executive can 
suggest with his present impressions, it must not be un- 
derstood that no other possible mode would be accept- 
able. 

The above was limited, and explained by another, 
issued March 26, 1864, which declared that the ob- 
jects of the proclamation were to suppress the insur- 
rection and restore the national authority, and that the 
amnesty was offered with reference to these objects 
alone; that its benefits do not apply to those in mili- 
tary, naval, or civil confinement, under bonds or on 
parole as prisoners of war. That, on the contrary, it 
does apply to those only who, being at large, free from 
any arrest, confinement or duress, shall voluntarily come 
forward and take the oath, with the purpose of restor- 
ing peace and the national authority. The oath may 
be taken before any United States officer, or before any 
officer of a State or Territory, not in insurrection, who 
is, by law, qualified to administer oaths. Said officers 
to grant certificates to those taking the oath, trans- 
mitting the original records to the Department of State, 
where they shall be registered, and from which, in proper 
cases, certificates of such records may be issued. 



THE AMNESTY PROCLAMATION, 

By Andrew Johnson, President of the United States of America^ 
Dated May 29, 1865. 

Grants to all persons who have, directly or indirectly, 
participated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinaf- 
ter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with restoration of 
all rights of property, except as to slaves, and except 
in oases where legal proceedings, under the law? of the 



PROCLAMATIONS. 

United States proriding for the confiscation of property 
of persons engaged in rebellion, have been instituted; 
but upon the condition that every such person shall 
take and subscribe the following oath (or affirmation), 
and which oath shall be registered for permanent pres- 
ervation, to wit: 

"I, ' — , do solemnly swear (or affirm), in 

presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faith- 
fully support, protect, and defend the Constitution of 
the United States, and the Union of the States thereun- 
der; and that I will, in like manner, abide by, and 
faithfully support all laws and proclamations which have 
been made during the existing rebellion with reference 
to the emancipation of slaves. So help me God. " 

The following classes of persons are excepted from 
the benefits of this proclamation: 1st, all who are or 
shall have been pretended civil or diplomatic officers or 
otherwise domestic or foreign agents of the pretended 
Confederate Government; 2d, all who left judicial sta- 
tions under the United States to aid the rebellion ; 3d, 
all who have been military or naval officers of said pre- 
tended Confederate Government, above the rank of Col- 
onel in the army, or Lieutenant in the navy; 4th, all 
who left seats in the Congress of the United States to 
aid the rebellion; 5th, all who resigned or tendered res- 
ignations of their commissions in the army or navy of 
the United States, to evade duty in resisting the rebell- 
ion; 6th, all who have engaged in any way in treating 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war persons 
found in the United States service, as officers, soldiers, 
seamen, or in other capacities; 7th, all persons who 
have been, or are absentees from the United States, for 
the purpose of aiding the rebellion; 8th, all military 
and naval officers in the rebel service, who were edu- 
cated by the Government in the Military Academy at 
West Point, or the United States Naval Academy; 9th, 
all persons who held the pretended offices of governors 
of States in insurrection against the United States; 
10th, all persons who left their homes within the juris- 
diction and protection of the United States, and passed 
beyond the Federal military lines into the pretended 
Confederate States for the purpose of aiding the rebell- 



260 PROCLAMATIONS. 

ion; llth, all persons who have heen engaged in the 
destruction of the commerce of the United States upon 
the high seas, and all persons who have made raids into 
the United States from Canada, or been engaged in de- 
stroying the commerce of the United States upon the 
lakes and rivers that separate the British Provinces 
from the United States; 12th, all persons who, at the 
time when they seek to obtain the benefits hereof by 
taking the oath herein prescribed, are in military, naval, 
or civil confinment or custody, or under bonds of the 
civil, military, or naval authorities or agents of the 
United States, as prisoners of war, or persons detained 
for offenses of any kind, either before or after convic- 
tion ; 13th, all persons who have voluntarily participated 
in said rebellion, and the estimated value of whose tax- 
able property is over twenty thousand dollars; 14th, all 
persons who have taken the oath of amnesty as pre- 
scribed in the President's proclamation of December 8, 
A. D. 1863, or an oath of allegiance to the Government 
of the United States since the date of said proclamation, 
and who have not thenceforward kept and maintained 
the same inviolate. 



MTIONAL PLATFOKMS OF 1864. 



UNION PLATFORM. 

Resolved, That it is the highest duty of every Ameri- 
can citizen to maintain against all its enemies, the integ- 
rity of the Union, and the paramount authority of the 
Constitution and laws of the United States, and that, 
laying all political opinions aside, we pledge ourselves, 
as Union men, animated by a common sentiment, and 
aiming at a common object, to do everything in our 
power to aid the Government in quelling, by force of 
arms, the rebellion now raging against its authority, and 
bringing to the punishment due to their crimes, the 
rebels and traitors arrayed against it. 

Resolved, That we approve the determination of the 
Government of the United States not to compromise 
with rebels, or t© offer any terms of peace, except such 
as may be based upon an unconditional surrender of 
their hostility, etc., and a return to their just allegiance 
to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and 
that we call upon the Government to maintain this posi- 
tion, and to prosecute the war with the utmost possible 
vigor to the complete suppression of the rebellion, in 
full reliance upon the self-sacrifices, the patriotism, the 
heroic valor, and the undying devotion of the American 
people to their country and its free institutions. 

Resolved, That slavery was the cause and now consti- 
tutes the strength of the rebellion, aiid that as it must 
be always and everywhere hostile to the principles of 
Republican Governments, justice and the national safety 
demand its utter and complete extirpation from the soil 
of the Republic, and that we uphold and maintain the 
acts and proclamations, by which the Government, in its 
own defence, has aimed a death blow at this gigantic 
evil. We are in favor, furthermore, of such an amend- 
ment to the Constitution, to be made by the people in 
conformity with its provisions, as shall terminate and 

(261) 



262 REBELLION REGISTER. 

forever prohibit the existence of slavery within the 
limits of the jurisdiction of the United States. 

R^sidmd, That the thanks of the American peop'e 
^re due to the soldiers and sailors of the army jiihI 
navy, who have periled their lives in defence ol' the r 
country, and in vindication of the honor of the flas: ; 
that the nation owes them some permanent recognition 
of their patriotism and their valor, and ample and per- 
manent provision for those of their survivors who hav- 
received disabling and honorable wounds in the serTJce 
of their country, and that the memories of those who 
have fallen in its defense shall be held in grateful and 
everlasting remembrance. 

Resolved^ That we approve and applaud the political 
wisdom, the unselfish patriotism and unswerving fidelity 
to the Constitution and the principles of American lib- 
erty, with which Abraham Lincoln has discharged, 
under circumstances of unparalclled difficulty, the great 
duties and responsibilities of the Presidential office; 
that we approve and endorse, as demanded by the emer- 
gency and essential to the preservation of the nation, 
and as within the Constitution, the measures and acts 
which he has adopted to defend the nytion against its 
open and secret f)es; especiilly the Proclamation of 
Emancipation, and the employment, as Union soldiers, 
of men heretofore held in slivery, and that we have full 
confidence in his determination to carry these and all 
other Constitutional measures, essential to the salvation 
of the country, into full and complete efi"ect. 

Refiolved^ That we deem it essential to the general 
welfare, that harmony should prevail in the national 
councils, and we regard as worthy of public confidence 
and official trust those only who cordially endorse the 
principle proclaimed in these resolutions, and which 
should characterize the administration of the Govern- 
ment. 

Resolved, That the Government owes to all men em- 
ployed in its armies, without distinction of color, the 
full protection of the laws of war, and any violation of 
these laws and of the usages of civilized nations in the 
time of war, by the rebels now in arms, should be made 
the subject of fall and prompt redress. 



NATIONAL PLATFORMS. 263 

Resolved, That the foreign immigration, which in the 
past has added so much to the wealth and development 
of resources and increase of power to this nation, the 
asylum of the oppressed of all nations, should be fos- 
tered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy. 

Resolved, That we are in faror of the speedy con- 
struction of the railroad to the Pacific. 

Resolved, That the national faith is pledged for the 
redemption of the public debt and must be kept invio 
late ; and that for this purpose we recommend economy 
and rigid responsibilities in the public expenditures, 
and a vigorous and just system of taxation ; that it is 
the duty of every loyal State to sustain the use of the 
national currency. 

Resolved, That we approve the position taken by the 
Government, that the people of the United States can 
never regard with indifference the attempt of European 
power to overthrow by force, or to supplant by fraud, 
the institutions of any Republican Grovernment on the 
Western Continent, and that they will view with ex- 
treme jealousy, as menacing to the peace and indepen- 
dence of this ©ur country, the efforts of any such power 
to obtain new footholds for monarchical governments 
sustained by a foreign military force in near proximity 
to the United States. 

DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM. 

Resolved, That in the future, as in the past, we will 
adhere with unswerving fidelity to the Union under the 
Constitution as the only solid foundation of our strength, 
securit}'" and happiness as a people, and as a framework 
of _2;overnment equally conducive to the welfare and 
prosperity of all the States, both Northern and Southern. 

Resolved, That this Convention does explicitly declare, 
as the sense of the American people, that after four years 
of failure to restore the Union by the experiment of 
war, during which, under the pretense of military neces- 
sity or war power higher than the Constitution, the Con- 
stitution itself has been disregarded in every part, and 
public liberty and private right alike trodden down, and 
the material prosperity of the country essentially im- 
paired, justice, hamiaoity, liberty and the public welfare 



264 REBELLION EEGLSTER. 

demand that immediate efforts be made for a cessation 
of hostilities with a view to an ultimate convention of 
the States, or other peaceable means, to the end that at 
the earliest practical moment peace may be restored on 
the basis of the Federal Union of the States. 

KisoiV'idy That the direct interference of the military 
authorities of the United States in the recent elections 
held in Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri tnd Delaware 
"v\as a shameful violation of the Constitution, and a repe- 
titio'n of such acts in the approaching election will be 
held as revolutionary, and resisted with all the means 
and power under our control. 

Resijlved, That the aim and object of the Democratic 
party is to preserve the Federal Union and the rights 
of the States unimpaired, and they hereby declare that 
they considerthat the administrative usurpation of ex- 
traordinary and dangerous powers not granted by the 
Constitution, the subversion of the civil by military law 
in States not in insurrection, the arbitrary military ar- 
rest, imprisonment, trial and sentence of American citi- 
zens in States where the civil law exists in full force, 
the suppression of freedom of speech and of the press, 
the denial of the right of asylum, the open and avowed 
disregard of State rights, the employment of UHusual 
test oaths, and the interference with, and denial of the 
right of the people to bear arms in their defense, is cal- 
culated to prevent a restoration of the Union and the 
perpetuation of the Government deriving its just powers 
fioui the consent of the governed. 

R'solced, That the shameful disregard of the Admin- 
istration to its duty in respect to our fellow-citizens who 
now are, and long have been, prisoners of war in a suf- 
fering condition, deserves the severest reprobation on 
the score alike of public policy and common humanity. 

Kesolved, That the sympathy of the Democratic party 
is heartily and earnestly extended to the soldiery of our 
array and sailors of our navy who are and have been in 
the field and on the sea, under the flag of their country, 
and in the event of its attaining power, they will receive 
all the care, protection and regard that the brave sol- 
diers and sailors of the Republic have so nobly earned. 



DECLAR4\TI0N OF INDEPENDENCE. 



In Congress, July 4th, 1776. 

By the Representatives of the United States, 
IN Congress assembled. 

A DECLARATION. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes 
necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands 
which have connected them with another, and to assume 
among the powers of the earth the separate and equal 
station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God 
entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of man- 
kind requires that they should declare the causes which 
impel them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident: — that all 
men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their 
Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among 
these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; 
that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted 
among men, deriving their just powers from the consent 
of the governed; that, whenever any form of govern- 
ment becomes destructive of these ends it is the right 
of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a 
new government, laying its foundation on such prin- 
ciples, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them 
shall seem most likely to eflfect their safety and happi- 
ness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments 
long established should not be changed for light and 
transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath 
shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while 

12 (265) 



266 REBELLION REGISTER. 

evils are suiferable, than to right themselves byatolish- 
ing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when 
a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invari- 
ably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them 
under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their 
duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new 
guards for their future security. Such has been the 
patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the 
necessity which constrains them to alter their former 
system of government. The history of the present king 
of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and 
usurpations, all* having in direct object the establish- 
ment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To 
prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome 
and necessary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of imme- 
diate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their 
operation till his assent should be obtained; and, when 
so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to 
them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommo- 
dation of large districts of people, unless those people 
would relinquish the right of representation in the legis- 
lature — a right inestimable to them, and formidable to 
t^'rants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places 
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository 
of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing 
them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for 
opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the 
rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolu- 
tions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legis- 
lative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned 
to the people at large for their exercise; the state re- 
maining, in the mean time, exposed to all the danger of 
invasion from without, and convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these 
;:*tates; for that purpose obstructing the laws for natural- 
ization of foreigners, refusing to pass others to encour- 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 267 

age their migration hither, and raising the conditions of 
new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by 
refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary 
powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone for 
the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment 
of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent 
hither swarms of officers, to harass our people and eat 
out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing 
armies, without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent of 
and superior to the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a juris- 
diction foreign to our Constitution and unacknowledged 
by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended 
legislation, — 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : 
For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment 
for any murders which they should commit on the inhab- 
itants of these states: 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: 
For imposing taxes on us without our consent: 
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of 
trial by jury: 

For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pre- 
tended offenses: 

For abolishing the free system of English law in a 
neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary 
government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render 
it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing 
the same absolute rule into these colonies: 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most 
valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of 
our government: 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring 
themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all 
cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us 
out of his protection, and waging war against us. 



268 REBELLION REGISTER. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned 
our towns and destroyed the lives of our people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign 
mercenaries, to complete the works of death, desolation 
and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cru- 
elty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbar- 
ous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized 
nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive 
on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to 
become the executioners of their friends and brethren, 
or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and 
has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our fron- 
tiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule 
of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, 
sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned 
for redress in the most humble terms; our petitions have 
been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose 
character is thus marked by every act which may define 
a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British 
brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of 
attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwar- 
rantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them 
of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement 
here. We have appealed to their native justice and 
magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties 
of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, 
which would inevitably interrupt our connections and 
correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice 
of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, 
acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separ- 
ation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, 
enemies in war — in peace, friends. 

We, therefore, the representatives of the United States 
of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to 
the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our 
intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the 
good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and 
declare, that these United Colonies are, and of right 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 269 

ought to be, free and independent states; that they are 
absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and 
that all political connection between them and the state 
of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; 
and that, as free and independent states, they have full 
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, 
establish commerce, and do all other acts and things 
which independent states may of right do. And for the 
support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the 
protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to 
each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. 
Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress. 

JOHN HANCOCK, President. 

Attested, CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. NEW JERSEY. 

JosiAH Bartlett, Richard Stockton, 

William Whipple, John Witherspoon, 

Mathew Thornton. Francis Hopkinson, 

MASSACHUSETTS BAY.*I^"^ ^^^^T' 

Abramam Clark. 

OAMUEL Adams, -r^TrvrxTr^-tTT -»r i -k-tt > 

John Adams, PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert Treat Paine. Robert Morris, 

Elbridge Gerry. Benjamin Rush, 

T.TTr^T^T^ TOT * XT T^ c Benjamin Franklin, 

RHODE ISLAND, &c. j^hn Morton, 

Stephen Hopkins, George Clymer, 

William Ellery. James Smith, 

CONNECTICUT. George Jaylor, 

Roger Sherman, 

Samuel Huntington, 

William Williams, DELAWARE. 

Oliver Wolcott. C^sar Rodney, 

NEW YORK. George Read, 

,,r Ti Thomas M'Kean. 

WfLLIAM 1^ LOYD, 

Philip Livingston, MARYLAND. 

Francis Lewis, Samuel Chase, 

Lewis Morris. William Paca, 



James Wilson, 
George Ross. 



270 



REBELLION REGISTER. 



Thomas Stone, 
Charles Carroll, of Car 
roUton, 

VIRGINIA. 

George Wythe, 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Thomas Jefferson, 
Benjamin Harrison, 
Thomas Nelson, Jr., 
Francis Lightfoot Lee, 
Carter Braxton. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 
William Hooper, 



Joseph Hewes, 
•John Penn. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Edward Rutledge, 
Thomas Heyward, Jr., 
Thomas Lynch, Jr., 
Arthur Middleton. 

GEORGIA. 

Button Gwinnett, 
Lyman Hall, 
George Walton. 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDEEATION 

And Perpetual Union Between the States of New 
Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, 
AND Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South 
Carolina and Georgia. 



Article 1. The style of this Confederacy shall be 
"The United States of America." 

Article 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, free- 
dom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction 
and right, which is not by this confederation expressly 
delegated to the United States in Congress assembled. 

Article 3. The said States hereby severally enter 
into a firm league of friendship with each other, for 
their common defense, the security of their liberties, 
and their mutual and general welfare, binding them- 
selves to assist each other against all force offered to, or 
attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account 
of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense 
whatever. 

Article 4. The better to secure and perpetuate 
mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of 
the different States in this Union, the free inhabitants of 
each of these States — paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives 
from justice excepted — shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of free citizens in the several States; 
and the people of each State shall have free ingress and 
regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy 
therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject 
to the same duties, impositions and restrictions, as the 
inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such re- 

(271) 



272 REBELLION RBGISTER. 

stric-tion shall not extend so far as to prevent the 
removal of property, imported into any State, to any 
other State of which the owner is an inhabitant; pro- 
vided, also, that no imposition, duties or restriction 
shall be laid by any State on the property of the United 
States, or either of them. 

If any person guilty of, or charged with treason, 
felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall 
flee from justice, and be found in any of the United 
States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor, or 
executive power of the State from which he fled, be de- 
livered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction 
of his offense. 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these 
States, to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of 
the courts and magistrates of every other State. 

Article 5. For the more convenient management 
of the general interest of the United States, Delegates 
shall be annually appointed, in such manner as the leg- 
islature of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress 
on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a 
power reserved to each State, to recall its Delegates, or 
any of them, at any time within the year, and to send 
others in their stead, for the remainder of the year. 

No State shall be represented in Congress by less 
than two, nor by more than seven members ; and no per- 
son shall be capable of being a Delegate for more than 
three years in any term of six years; nor shall any per- 
son, being a Delegate, be capable of holding any oflBce 
under the United States, for which he, or another for 
his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of 
any kind. 

Each State shall maintain its own Delegates in any 
meeting of the States, and while they act as members of 
the Committee of the States. 

In determining questions in the United States, in 
Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. 

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not 
be impeached or questioned in any court or place, out 
of Congress, and the members of Congress shall be pro- 
tected in their persons from arrests and imprisonments, 
during the time of their going to and from, and atten- 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 273 

dance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach 
of the peace. 

Article 6. No State, withomt the consent of the 
United States in Congress assembled, shall send an em- 
bassy to, or receive an embassy from, or enter into any 
conference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, 
Prince or State ; nor shall any person holding any office 
of profit or trust under the United States, or any of 
them, accept of any present, emolument, office or title of 
any kind whatever from any King, Prince or Foreign 
State ; nor shall the United States in Congress assem- 
bled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. 

No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, 
confederation or alliance whatever between them, with- 
out the consent of the United States in Congress assem- 
bled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the 
same is to be entered into, and how long it shall 
continue. 

No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may 
interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into 
by the United States in Congress assembled, with any 
King, Prince or State, in pursuance of any treaties 
already proposed by Congress, to the Courts of France 
and Spain. 

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace 
by any State, except such number only, as shall be 
deemed necessary by the United States in Congress 
assembled, for the defense of such State, or its trade; 
nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State, in 
time of peace , except such number only, as in the judg- 
ment of the United States in Congress assembled, shall 
be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for 
the defense of such State ; but every State shall always 
keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, suffi- 
ciently armed and accoutred, and shall provide and have 
constantly ready for use, in public stores, a due number 
of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, 
ammunition and camp equipage. 

No State shall engage in any war without the consent 
of the United States in Congress assembled, unless such 
State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have re- 
ceived certain advice of a resolution being formed by 
12* 



274 REBELLION REQISTKR. 

some nation of Indians to invade such a State, and the 
danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delny, till 
the United States in Congress assembled can be con- 
sulted ; nor shall any State grant commissions to any 
ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, 
except it be after a declaration of war by the United 
States in Congress assembled, and then only against the 
Kingdom or State, and the subjects thereof, against 
which war has been so declared, and under such regula- 
tions as shall be established by the United States in 
Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by 
pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out 
for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall 
continue, or until the United States in Congress assem- 
bled shall determine otherwise. 

Article 7. When land forces are raised by any 
State for the common defense, all ofl&cers of, or under 
the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legisla- 
tures of each State respectively, by whom such forces 
shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall 
direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State 
which first made the appointment. 

Article 8. All charges of war, and all other ex- 
penses that shall be incurred for the common defense or 
general welfare, and allowed by the United States in 
Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common 
treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States, 
in proportion to the value of all land within each State, 
granted to or surveyed for any person, as such land and 
the buildings and improvements thereon shall be esti- 
mated according to such mode as the United States in 
Congress assembled, shall, from time to time, direct and 
appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be 
laid and levied by the authority and direction of the 
legislatures of the several States within the time agreed 
upon by the United States in Congress assembled. 

Article 9. The United States in Congress assem- 
bled shall have the sole and exclusive right and power 
of determining on peace and war, except in the cases 
mentioned in the 6th article — of sending and receiving 
ambassadors — entering into treaties and alliances, pro- 
vided that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 275 

the legislative power of the respective States shall be 
restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on 
foreigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from 
prohibiting the exportation or importation of any spe- 
cies of goods or commodities whatsoever — of establish- 
ing rules for deciding in all cases what captures on land 
or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken 
by land or naval forces in the service of the United 
States shall be divided or appropriated — of granting let- 
ters of marque and reprisal in times of peace — appoint- 
ing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies com- 
mitted on the high seas and establishing courts for re- 
ceiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of 
captures, provided that no member of Congress shall be 
appointed a judge of any of the said courts. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall also be 
the last resort on appeal in all disputes and difi'erences 
now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two 
or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction, or 
any other cause whatever; which authority shall always 
be exercised in the manner following : — Whenever the 
legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any 
State in controversy with another shall present a^petitioQ 
to Congress, stating the matter in question and praying 
for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of 
Congress, to the legislative or executive authority of the 
other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the 
appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who 
shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent, com- 
missioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing 
and determining the matter in question ; but if they 
cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of 
each of the United States, and from the list of such per- 
sons each party shall alternately strike out one, the pe- 
titioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced 
to thirteen ; and from that number not less than seven, 
nor more than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall 
in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot, and the 
persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any five of 
them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and 
finally determine the controversy, so always as a major 
part of the judges who shall hear the cause shall agree 



276 REBELLION RBGISTER. 

in the determination ; and if either party shall neglect to 
attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons 
which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present 
shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to 
nominate three persons out of each State, and the Secre- 
tary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party 
absent or refusing ; and the judgment and sentence of 
the court to be appointed, in the manner above pre- 
scribed, shall be final and conclusive ; and if any of the 
parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such 
court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the 
court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence 
or judgment, which shall in like manner be final and de- 
cisive, the judgment or sentence and other proceedings 
being in either case transmitted to Congress and lodged 
among the acts of Congress for the security of the par- 
ties concerned : provided that every commissioner, be- 
fore he sits in judgment, shall take an oath, to be admin- 
istered by one of the judges of the Supreme or Superior 
Court of the State where the cause shall be tried, "well 
and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, 
according to the best of his judgment, without favor, 
affection, or hope of reward:" provided also that no 
State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the 
United States. 

All controversies concerning the private right of soil 
claimed under different grants of two or more States, 
whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and 
the States which passed such grants, are adjusted ; the 
said grants or eitlier of them being at the same time 
claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement 
of jurisdiction, shall, on the petition of either party to 
the Congress of the tjnited States, be finally determined 
as near as may be in the same manner as is before pre- 
scribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial juris- 
diction between different States. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall also 
have the sole exclusive right and power of regulating 
the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, 
or by that of the respective States — fixing the standard 
of weights and measures throughout the United States — 
regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 277 

Indians, not members of any of the States ; provided 
that the legislative right of any State within its own 
limits be not infringed or violated — establishing or regu- 
lating post-offices from one State to another, throughout 
all the United States, and exacting such postage on the 
papers passing through the same as may be requisite to 
defray the expenses of the said office — appointing all 
officers of the land forces, in the service of the United 
States, excepting regimental officers — appointing all the 
officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all offi- 
cers whatever in the service of the United States — 
making rules for the government and regulation of the 
said land and naval forces, and directing their operations. 
The United States in Congress assembled shall have 
authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess 
of Congress, to be denominated "A Committee of the 
States," and to consist of one delegate from each State; 
and to appoint such other committees and civil officers 
as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of 
the United States under their direction — to appoint one 
of their number to preside; provided that no person be 
allowed to serve in the office of president more than one 
year in any term of three years — to ascertain the neces- 
sary sums of money to be raised for the service of the 
United States, and to appropriate and apply the same 
for defraying the public expenses — to borrow money, or 
emit bills on the credit of the United States, transmit- 
ting every half year to the respective States an account 
of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted — to build 
and equip a navy — to agree upon the number of land 
forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its 
quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants 
in such State; which requisition shall be binding, and 
thereupon the legislatures of each State shall appoint 
the regimental officers, raise the men, and clothe, arm 
and equip them in a soldier-like manner, at the expense 
of the United States; and the officers and men so clothed, 
armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, 
and within the time agreed on by the United States in 
Congress assembled : but if the United States in Con- 
gress assembled shall, on consideration of circumstances, 
judge proper that any State should not raise men, or 



278 REBELLION REGISTER. 

should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that 
any other State should raise a greater number of men 
than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be 
raised, officered, clothed, armed and equipped in the 
same manner as the quota of such State, unless the 
legislature of such State shall judge that such extra 
number can not be safely spared out of the same, in 
which case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm and equip 
as many of such extra number as they judge can be 
safely spared. And the officers and men so clothed, 
armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, 
and within the time agreed on by the United States in 
Congress assembled. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall never 
engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal 
in time of peace, nor 6nter into any treaties or alliances, 
nor coin money nor regulate the value thereof, nor as- 
certain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense 
and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor 
emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United 
States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the num- 
ber of vessels of war to be built or purchased, or the 
number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a 
commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine 
States assent to the same : nor shall a question on any 
other point, except for adjourning from day to day, be 
determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the 
United States in Congress assembled. 

The Congress of the United States shall have power 
to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place 
within the United States, so that no period of adjourn- 
ment be for a longer duration than the space of six 
months, and shall publish the journal of their proceed- 
ings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to 
treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their 
judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the 
delegates of each State on any question shall be entered 
on the journal, when it is desired by any delegate; and 
the delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their 
request, shall be furnished with a transcript of the said 
journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to 
lay before the legislatures of the several States. 



ARTICLES OK COM FEDERATION. 279 

Article 10. The committee of the States, or any 
nine of them, shall bo authorized to execute, in the 
r«cess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress, as 
the United States in Congress assembled, by the consent 
of nine States, shall, from time to time, think expedient 
to vest them with ; provided that no power be delegated 
to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by the 
Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States in 
the Congress of the United States assembled is requisite. 

Article 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation, 
and joining in the measures of the United States, shall 
be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of 
this union; but no other colony shall be admitted into 
the sam$, unless such admission be agreed to by nine 
States. 

Article 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys 
borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the author- 
ity of Congress, before the assembling of the United 
States, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall 
be deemed and considered as a charge against the United 
States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said 
United States and the public faith arc hereby solemuly 
pledged. 

Article 13. Every State shall abide by the deter- 
minations of the United States in Congress assembled, 
on all questions which by this confederation are sub- 
mitted to them. And the articles of this confederation 
shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the 
union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any 
time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such 
alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United 
States, and be afterward confirmed by the legislatures of 
every State. 

And Whereas, It hath pleased the Great Governor of 
the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures wo 
respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, and to 
authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation 
and perpetual union. Know Ye, that we, the under- 
signed delegates, by virtue of the power and authority 
to us given for that purpose, do, by these presents, iu 
the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, 
fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of 



280 REBELLION ItEOISTER. 

the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual union, 
and all and singular the matters and things therein con- 
tained. And we do further solemnly plight and engano 
the faith of our respective constituents, that they shnll 
abide by the determinations of the United States in 
Congress assembled, on all questions, which by the said 
confederation are submitted to them. And that the 
articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the 
States we respectively represent, and that the union shall 
be perpetual. In witness whereof we have hereunto set 
our hands in Congress. Done at Philadelphia, in the 
State of Pennsylvania, the 9th day of July, in the year 
of our Lord. 1778, and in the 3d year of the Independ- 
ence of America. 



CONSTITUTION 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES 



We, the people of the United States, in order to form 
a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic 
tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote 
the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish 
this Constitution for the United States of America : 

ARTICLE I. 

Sect. I. — All legislative powers herein granted shall 
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which 
shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives, 

Sect. II, — 1. The House of Representatives shall be 
composed of members chosen every second year by the 
people of the several states; and the electors in each 
state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors 
of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. 

2. No person shall be a representative who shall not 
have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been 
seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the state in which 
he shall be chosen, 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- 
tioned among the several states which may be included 
within this Union, according to their respective num- 
bers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to ser- 
vice for a term of years, and excluding Indians nol 

(281) 



282 REBELLION JIEGISTER. 

taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual 
enumeration shall be made within three years after the 
firt meeting of the Congress of the United States, and 
within every subsequent term of ten years, in such man- 
ner as they shall by law direct. The number of repre- 
sentatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one representative; and 
until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New 
Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; J/a^sa- 
chusetts eight; Rhode Island and Providence Plantationt^ 
one; Connecticut^ five; New York, six; Neic Jersey^ 
four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, one; Maryland^ 
six; Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five; South CarO" 
Una, five; and Georgia, three. 

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from 
any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue 
writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their 
Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power 
of impeachment. 

Skct. III.— 1. The Senate of the United States shall 
be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by 
the legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator 
shall have one vote. 

2. Immediataly after they shall be assembled in eon- 
sequence of the first election, they shall be divided, as 
equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the 
senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expir- 
ation of the second year, of the second class at the ex- 
piration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the 
expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be 
chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen by 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legis- 
lature of any state, the executive thereof may make 
temporary appointments until the next meeting of the 
legislature which shall then fill such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have 
attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years 
a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when 
elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall 
be chosen. 



CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES. 283 

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be 
President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless 
they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and 
also a president pro tempore in the absence of the Vice- 
President, or when he shall exercise the office of Presi- 
dent of the United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all 
impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they 
shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of 
the United States is tried, the chief justice shall pre- 
side; and no person shall be convicted without the con- 
currence of two-thirds of the members present. 

7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not ex- 
tend further than to removal from office, and disqualifi- 
cation to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or 
profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, 
trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. 

Sect. IV. — 1. The times, places, and manner of 
holding elections for senators and representatives shall 
be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; 
but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or 
alter such regulations, except as to the places of choos- 
ing senators. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 
year; and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in 
December, unless they shall by law appoint a different 
day. 

Sect. V. — 1. Each house shall be the judge of the 
elections, returns, and qualifications of its own mem- 
bers; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum 
to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from 
day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attend- 
ance of absent members, in such manner and under such 
penalties as each house may provide. 

2. Each house may determine the rule of its own pro- 
ceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, 
and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
member. 

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, 
and from time to time publish the same, excepting such 



284 REBELLION REGISTER. 

parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and 
the yeas and nays of the members of either house on 
any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those 
present, be entered on the journal. 

4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more 
than three days, nor to any other place than that in 
which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sect. VI. — 1. The senators and representatives shall 
receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- 
tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the 
United States. They shall, in all cases, except 
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be priviliged 
from arrest during their attendance at the session of 
their respective houses, and in going to or returning 
from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either 
house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

2. No senator or representative shall, during the time 
for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office 
under the authority of the United States which shall 
have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have 
been increased, during such time ; and no person hold- 
ing any office under the United States shall be a member 
of either house during his continuance in office. 

Sect. VII. — 1. All bills for raising revenue shall 
originate in the House of Representatives; but the Sen- 
ate may propose or concur with amendments, as on 
other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of 
Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes 
a law, be presented to the President of the United States; 
if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall re- 
turn it, with his objections, to that house in which it 
shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at 
large upon their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. 
If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house 
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together 
with the objections, to the other house; and if approved 
by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But 
in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be de- 
termined by yeas and nays; and the names of the per- 
sons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 285 

the journals of each house respectively. If any bill 
shall not be returned by the President within ten days 
(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to 
him, the saroe shall be a law, in like manner as if he had 
signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment, prevent 
its return; in which case it shall not be a law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the con- 
currence of the Senate and Ho^se of Representatives 
may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) 
shall be presented to the President of the United States, 
and before the same shall take effect shall be approved 
by him; or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed 
by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Represent- 
atives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed 
in the case of a bill. 

Sect. VIII. — The Congress shall have power, — 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and ex- 
cises; to pay the debts and provide for the common 
defence and general welfare of the United States; but 
all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform through- 
out the United States. 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United 
States: 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and 
among the several states, and with the Indian tribes : 

4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and 
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, through- 
out the United States : 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and 
of foreign eoin, and fix the standard of weights and 
neasures: 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting 
the securities and current coin of the United States: 

7. To establish post offices and post roads: 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, 
by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors 
the exclusive right to their respective writings and dis- 
coveries: 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme 
court: 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonies com- 



286 REBELLION REGISTER. 

mitted on the bigh seas, and oflfences against the law of 
nations: 

11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and 
reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land 
and water: 

12. To raise and support armies; but no appropri- 
ation of money to that use shall be for a longer terra 
than two years : 

13. To provide and maintain a navy: 

14. To make rulers for the government and regulation 
of the land and naval forces: 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute 
the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel 
invasions: 

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplin- 
ing the militia, and for governing such part of them as 
may be employed in the service of the United States, 
reserving to the states respectively the appointment of 
the officers, and the authority of training the militia, 
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress: 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases 
whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles 
square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government 
of the United States, and to exercise like authority over 
all places purchased by the consent of the legislature 
of the state in which the same shall be. for the erection 
of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other need- 
ful buildings: And, 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and 
proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, 
and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the 
Government of the United States, or in any department 
or officer thereof. 

Sect. IX. — 1. The migration or importation of such 
persons as any of the states, now existing, shall think 
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress 
prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, 
not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 2 7 

not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or 
invasion, the public safety raay require it. 

3. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be 
passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, un- 
less in proportion to the census or enumeration herein 
before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported 
from any state. No preference shall be given, by any 
regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one 
state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to 
or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay 
duties in another. 

6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but 
in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a 
regular statement and account of the receipts and ex- 
penditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 

7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United 
States; and no person holding any office of profit or 
trust under them shall, without the consent of Congress, 
accept any present, emolument, office, or title of any 
kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sect. X. — 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, 
alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and 
reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any- 
thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or 
law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any 
title of nobility. 

2. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, 
lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except 
what may be absolutely necessary for executing its in- 
spection laws; and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall 
be for the use of the treasury of the United States ; and 
all such laws shall be subject to the revision and con- 
trol of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent 
of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or 
ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement 
or compact with another state or with a foreign power, 



288 REBELLION REGISTER. 

or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II. 

Sect. I.— 1. The executive power shall be vested in 
a President of the United States of America. He shall 
hold his office during the term of four years, and, to- 
gether with the Vice-President, chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows: 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the 
legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, 
equal to the whole number of senators and represent- 
atives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; 
but no senator or representative, or person holding an 
office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be 
appointed an elector. 

3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.] 

4. The Congress may determine the time of chosing 
the electors, and the day on which they shall give their 
votes, which day shall be the same throughout the 
United States. 

5. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citi- 
zen of the United States at the time of the adoption of 
this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Presi- 
dent; neither shall any person be eligible to that office 
who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five 
years, and been fourteen years a resident within the 
United States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from 
office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis- 
charge the powers and duties of said office, the same 
shall devolve on the Vice-President; and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, res- 
ignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice- 
President, declaring what officer shall then act as Presi- 
dent, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the 
disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his 
services a compensation which shall neither be increased 
nor diminished during the period for which he shall 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 289 

have been elected; and he shall not receive, within that 
period, any other emolument from the United States, or 
any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he 
shall take the following oath or affirmation: 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully 
execute the office of President of the United States, and 
will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and 
defend the Constitution of the tlnited States." 

Sect. II. — 1. The President shall be commander-in- 
chief of the army and navy of the United States, and 
of the militia of the several states, when called into the 
actual service of the United States : he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of 
the executive departments upon any subject relating to 
the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have 
power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against 
the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two- 
thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall 
nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of 
the Senate, shall appoint, ambassadors, other public 
ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme court, and 
all other officers of the United States, whose appoint- 
ments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which 
shall be established by law. But the Congress, may, 
by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as 
they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts 
of law, or in the heads of departments. 

3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies 
that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by 
granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of 
their next session. 

Sect. III. — He shall, from time to time, give to the 
Congress information of the state of the Union, and re- 
commend to their consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extra- 
ordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of 
them, and in case of disagreement between them with 
respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn 
them to such time as he shalj think proper ; he shall re- 

13 



2!7n REBELLION REGISTER. 

ceive ambassadors, and other public ministers ; lie shall 
take care that the laws be faithfully executed ; and shall 
commission all the officers of the United States. 

Sect. IV. — The President, Vice-President and all 
civil officeris of the United States, shall be removed from 
office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, 
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III. 

Sect. I. — The judicial power of the United States 
shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such infe- 
rior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, or- 
dain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme 
and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good 
behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their 
services a compensation which shall not be diminished 
during their continuance in office. 

Sect. II. — 1. The judicial power shall extend to all 
cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, 
the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or 
which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, and other public ministers and 
consuls; to all cases of admirality and maritime juris 
diction ; to controversies to which the United States 
shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more 
States; between a state and citizens of another state; 
between citizens of different states ; between citizens of 
the same state, claiming lands under grants of different 
states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and 
foreign states, citizens or subjects. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall 
be a party, the supreme court shall have original juris- 
diction. In all other cases before mentioned, the 
supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as 
to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such 
regulations, as the Congress shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
ment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in 
the state where the said crimes shall have been commit- 
ted i but when not committed within any state^ the triaJ 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 291 

sliall be at such a place or places as the Congress may 
by law h.ive directed. 

Sect. III. — 1. Treason against the United States 
shall consist only in levying war against them, or in ad- 
hering to their enemies, giving them aid and comibrt. 
No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the 
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or con- 
fessions in open court. 

2. The Congress shall have p.ower to declare the pun- 
ishment of treason ; but no attainder of treason shall 
•vork corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during 
the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Sect. I. — Full faith and credit shall be given in each 
state to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings 
of every other state. And the Congress may, by gen- 
eral laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, 
records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect 
thereof. 

Sect. II. — 1. The citizens of each st^ite shall be en 
titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the 
several states. 

2. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, 
ar other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found 
in another state, shall, on demand of the executive author- 
ity of the state from which he fled, be delivered up to be 
removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one state, 
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in 
consequence of any law or regulation therein, be dis- 
charged from such service or labor, but shall be deliv- 
ered up on claim of the party to whom such service or 
labor may be due. 

Sect. III. — 1. New states may be admitted by the 
Congress into this Union ; but no new state shall be 
formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other 
state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or 
more states, or parts of states, without the consent of 
the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the 
Gengress. 



292 REBELLION ^REGISTER. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and 
make all needful rules and regulations respecting the 
territory or other property belonging to the United 
States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so con- 
strued as to prejudice any claims of the United States, 
or of any particular state. 

Sect. IV. — The United States shall guarantee to every 
state of this Union a republican form of government, 
and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on 
application of the legislature, or of the executive (when 
the legislature can not be convened,) against domestic 
violence. 

ARTICLE y. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses 
shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to 
this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures 
of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a conven- 
tion for proposing amendments, which, in either case, 
shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this 
Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three- 
fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three- 
fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress ; provided that 
no amendment which may be made prior to the year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner 
affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of 
the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, 
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered 
into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be 
as valid against the United States under this Constitu- 
tion as under the confederation. 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United 
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under the author- 
ity of the United States, shall be the supreme law of 
the land ; and the judges in every state shall be bound 



CX)NSTITUT10N OF THE UNITED STATES. 



293 



thereby ; anything in the constitution or laws of any 
state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The senators and representatives before mentioned, 
and the ujenibers of the several stnte legishitures, and 
all executive and judicial officers, both of the United 
States, and of the several states, shall be bound by oath 
or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no re- 
ligious test shall ever be required as a qualification to 
any office or public trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE VII. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall 
be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution 
between the the states so ratifying the same. 

Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the 
states present, the seventeenth day of September, in 
the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred 
and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness 
whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 

President, and Deputy from Virginia. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel Gorham, 
RuFus King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Wm. Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

NEW YORK. 
Alexander Hamilton. 



NEW JERSEY. 

William Livingston, 
David Brearley, 
William Patterson, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Rokert Morris, 
Geor(tE Clymer, 
Thomas Fitzsimons, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
James Wilson, 

GOUVERNEUR MORRIS. 



294 REBELLION REGISTER. 

DELAWARE. NORTH CAROLIIS a. 

George Read, William Blount, 

Gunning Bedford, Jr. Rich. Dobbs 8paight, 
John Dickinson, Hugh Williamson. 

fZTl^or^' SOUTH CAROLINA. 

MARYLAND. ^^hn Rutledge, 

T AT'TiT Charles C. Pinckney, 

James M Henry, .^^^^^ ^^ Pincknet, 
Dan l of St. Tho. Jenifer.^^^^^j^ ^^^^^^ 
Daniel Carroll. 

VIRGINIA. GEORGIA. 

John Blair, William Few, 

James Madison, Jr. Abraham Baldwin. 

Attest, WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. I. — Congress shall make no law respecting an 
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exer- 
cise thereof: or abridging the freedom of speech, or of 
the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to as- 
semble and to petition the government for a redress of 
grievances. 

Art. II. — A well regulated militia being necessary 
to the security of a free state, the right of the people to 
keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Art. III. — No soldier shall, in time of peace, be 
quartered in any house without the consent of the 
owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Art. IV. — The right of the people to be secure in 
their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreas- 
onable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and 
no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, sup- 
ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describ- 
ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things 
to be seized. 



AMENDMENTS. 295 

Art. V. — No person shall be held to answer for a 
capital or otherwise inl'amous crime, unless on a present- 
ment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases 
arising in the land and naval forces, or in the militia 
when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; 
nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to 
be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be 
compelled, in any criminal case, to be witness against 
himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law ; nor shall private property 
be taken for public use without just compensation. 

Art. VI. — In all criminal prosecutions, the accused 
shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an 
impartial jury of the state and district wherein the 
crime shall have been committed, which district shall 
have been previously ascertained by law, and to be in- 
formed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be 
confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have com- 
pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and 
to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. 

Art. VII. — In suits at common law, where the value 
in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of 
trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a 
jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the 
United States than according to the rules of the com- 
mon law. 

Art. VIII. — Excessive bail shall not be required, 
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual pun- 
ishments inflicted. 

Art. IX. — The enumeration in the Constitution of 
certain rights shall not be construed to deny or dispar- 
age others retained by the people. 

Art. X. — The powers not delegated to the United 
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the 
states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the 
people. 

Art. XI. — The judicial power of the United States 
shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or 
equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the 
United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens 
or subjects of any foreign state. 



296 REBFIJJON REGISTER. 

Art. XII. — 1. The electors shall meet in their res- 
pective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice- 
President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab- 
itant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name 
in their ballots the person voted for as President, and 
in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice Presi- 
dent ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons 
voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as 
Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each ; 
which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, 
sealed, to the seat of government of the United States, 
directed to the President of the Senate. The President 
of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and 
House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and 
the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the 
greatest number of votes for President shall be Presi- 
dent, if such number be a majority of the whole num- 
ber of electors appointed ; and if no person have such 
majority, then from the persons having the highest 
number, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted 
for as President, the House of Representatives shall 
choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But, in 
choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by 
states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a mem- 
ber or members from two thirds of the states, and a 
majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. 
And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a 
President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve 
upon them, before the fourth day of March next follow- 
ing, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as 
in the case of the death or other constitutional disabil- 
ity of the President. 

2. The person having the greatest number of votes as 
Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such 
number be a majority of the whole number of electors 
appointed ; and if no person have a majority, then from 
the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall 
choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose 
shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of sen- 
ators, and a majority of the whole number shall be ne- 
cessary to a choice. 



AMENDMENTS. 297 

3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the 
office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice- 
President of the United States. 

Art. XIII. — 1 . Neither slavery nor involuntary ser- 
vitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the 
party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the 
United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 

2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article 
by appropriate legislation. 

The XIII, or Anti-Slavery amendment was proposed 
in the United States Senate, February 1, 1864, and after 
a lengthy and searching debate, was adopted by that 
body April 8, as follows : 

Ayes, 38 — Republicans, 36 ; Democrats, 2. 

Nays, 6— All Democrats. 

Not voting, 6 — Republicans, 1 ; Democrats, 5, 

The House refused, June 15, to adopt it by the ne- 
cessary two-thirds vote, (yeas, 95; nays, 66 ; not voting, 
22 ; required two-thirds, 122.) 

It was again called up, January 6, 1865, and adopted 
on the 31st, as follows : 

Ayes, 119 — Republicans, 103; Democrats, 16. 

Nays, 56 — All Democrats. 

Not Voting, 8 — All Democrats. 

Secretary Seward officially announced its ratification, 
and declared it a part of the Constitution, December 18, 
1865. 

The following table shows which States, up to that 
time, had ratified the amendments : 

Illinois Feb. 1 Louisiana Feb. 17 

Uliode Island Feb. 2 Wisconsin Feb. 21 

Michigan Feb. 2 Missouri Feb. 24 

New York Feb. 3 Vermont .Mar. 9 

Maryland Feb. 3 Tennessee Apr. 5 

Massachusetts Feb. 3 Arkansas Apr. 1 

Pennsylvania Feb. 3 Connecticut May 4 

West Virginia Feb. 3 New Hampshire June 30 

Maine Feb. 7 South Carolina Nov. 13 

Ohio Feb. 8 North Carolina Dec. 1 

Kansas Feb. 8 Alabama Dec. 2 

Minnesota Feb. 8 Georgia..., Dec. 6 

Virginia. .Feb. 9 Oregon Dec. 11 

Indiana Feb. 13 California , ,Pec. 18 

Nevada Feb. 16 

The Legislatures of the following States declined to ratify the Amend- 
ment : 

Delaware. Feb. 8 New Jersey ...Mar. 1 

Kentucky Feb. 23 

18^ 



WASHINGTON'S 
FAREWELL ADDRESS 



Friends and Fellow Citizens : — 

The period for a new election of a citizen to admin- 
ister the executive government of the United States 
being not far distant, and the time actually arrived when 
your thoughts must be employed in designating the per- 
son who is to be clothed with that important trust, it 
jippears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a 
more distinct expression of the public voice, that T 
should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed 
to decline being considered among the number of those 
out of whom the choice is to be m?ie. 

I beg you at the same time to do me the justice to be 
assured that this resolution has not been taken without 
£t strict regard to all the considerations appertaining to 
the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country; 
and that, in withdrawing the tender of service which 
silence in my situation might imply, I am influenced by 
no diminution of zeal for your future interest; no defi- 
ciency of grateful respect for your past kindness; but 
am supported by a full conviction that the step is com- 
patible with both. 

The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the 
ofl&ce to which your suffrages have twice called me have 
been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of 
duty, and to a deference for what appeared to be your 
desire. I constantly hoped that it would have been 
much earlier in my power, consistently with motives 
which I was not at liberty to disregard, to return to that 
retirement from which I had been reluctantly drawn. 
The strength of my inclination to do this previous to 
^he last election had even led to the preparation of an 

(298) 



wasuington's farewell address. 299 

address to declare it to you; but mature reflection on 
the then perplexed and critical posture of affairs with 
foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons 
entitled to my confidence, impelled me to abandon the 
idea. I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external 
as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of in- 
clination incompatible with the sentiment of duty or pro- 
priety, and am persuaded, whatever partiality may b« 
retained for my services, that in the present circum- 
stances of our country you will not disapprove of my 
determination to retire. 

The impressions with which I first undertook the 
arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. 
In the discharge of this trust I will only say that I have, 
with good intentions, contributed towards the organiza- 
tion and administration of the government the best ex- 
ertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable. 
Not unconscious, in the outset, of the inferiority of my 
qualifications, experience in my own eyes, perhaps still 
more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the motives 
to diffidence of myself; and every day the increasing 
weight of years admonishes me more and more that the 
shade of retirement is as necessary to me as it will be 
welcome. Satisfied that if any circumstances have given 
oeculiar value to my services, they were temporary, I 
kave the consolation to believe that while choice and 
v)rudence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism 
does not forbid it. 

In looking forward to the moment which is to termi- 
nate the career of my public life, my feelings do not 
permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that 
debt of gratitude which I owe to my beloved country for 
the many honors it has conferred upon me ; still more 
for the steadfast confidence with which it has supported 
me, and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of 
manifesting my inviolable attachment by services faith- 
ful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my 
zeal. If benefits have resulted to our country from 
these services, let it always be remembered to your 
praise, arid as an instructive example in our annals, that 
under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in 
every direction, were liable to mislead — amidst appear- 



300 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ances sometimes dubious — vicissitudes of fortune often 
discouraging — in situations in which riot unfrequently 
want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism 
— the constancy of your support was the essential prop of 
the efforts, and a guaranty of the plans, by which -they 
were effected. Profoundly penetrated with this idea, I 
shall carry it with me to my grave, as a strong incite- 
ment to unceasing v.ows that Heaven may continue to 
you the choicest tokens of its beneficence ; that your 
union and brotherly affection may be perpetual; that 
the free Constitution, which is the work of your hands, 
may be sacredly maintained; that its administration in 
every department may be stamped with wisdom and 
virtue; that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these 
States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made com- 
plete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use 
of this blessing, as will acquire to them the glory of 
recommending it to the applause, the affection, and the 
adoption of every nation which is yet a stranger to it. 

Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a solicitude foi 
your welfare, which cannot end but with my life, and 
the apprehension of danger natural to that solicitude, 
urge me, on an occasion like the present, to offer to your 
solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your fre 
quent review, some sentiments which are the result of 
much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and 
which appear to me all-important to the permanency of 
your felicity as a people. These will be offered to you 
with the more freedom as you can only see in them the 
disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can pos- 
sibly have no personal motive to bias his counsel. Nor 
can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indulgent 
reception of my sentiments on a former and not dis- 
similar occasion. 

Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every liga- 
ment of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is 
necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment. 

The unity of government which constitutes you one 
poople is also dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a 
main pillar in the edifice of your real independence; 
the support of your tranquility at home, your peace 
abroad; of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very 



Washington's farewell address. 301 

liberty whicli you so highly prize. But as it is easy to 
foresee that from different causes and from different 
quarters much pains will be taken, many artifices em- 
ployed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this 
truth- -as this is the point in your political fortress 
against which the batteries of internal and external ene- 
mies will be most constantly and actively (though often 
covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite mo 
ment that you should properly estimate the immense 
value of your national union to your collective and indi- 
vidual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, 
habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming 
yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium 
of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its 
preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing 
whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in 
any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon 
the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any por- 
tion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the 
sacred ties which now link together the various parts. 

For this you have every inducement of sympathy and 
interest. Citizens by birth, or choice, of a common 
country, that country has a right to concentrate your 
affections. The name of American, which belongs to 
you in your national capacity, must always exalt the 
just pride of patriotism more than any appellation de- 
rived from local discriminations. With slight shades of 
difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, 
and political principles. You have in a common cause 
fought and triumphed together; the independence and 
liberty you possess are the work of joint councils and 
joint efforts — of common dangers, sufferings, and suc- 
cesses. 

But these considerations, however powerfully they 
address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly out- 
weighed by those which apply more immediately to your 
interest. Here every portion of our country finds the 
most commanding motives for carefully guarding and 
preserving the union of the whole. 

The North, »in an unrestrained intercourse with the 
South, protected by the equal laws of a common govern- 
ment, finds in the productions of the latter great addi- 



302 REBELLION ^REGISTER. 

tional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise, 
arid precious materials of manufacturing industry. The 
South, in the same intercourse, benefiting by the agency 
of the North, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce 
expand. Turning partly into its own channels the 
seamen of the North, it finds its particular navigation 
invigorated; and while it contributes, in different ways, 
to nourish and increase the general mass of the national 
navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a mari- 
time strength to which itself is unusually adapted. The 
East, in like intercourse with the West, already finds, 
and in the progressive improvement of interior commu- 
nications by land and water will more and more find, a 
valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from 
abroad or manufactures at home. The West derives 
from the East supplies requisite to its growth and com- 
fort; and, what is, perhaps, of still greater consequence, 
it must of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of indis- 
pensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, 
influence, and the future maritime strength of the At- 
lantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble 
community of interest as one nation. Any other tenure 
by which the West can hold this essential advantage, 
whether derived from its own separate strength, or from 
an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign 
power, must be intrinsically precarious. 

While, then, every part of our country thus feels an 
immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts 
combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means 
and efi"orts greater strength, greater resource, propor- 
tionally greater security from external danger, a less 
frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations ; 
and, what is of inestimable value, they must derive from 
union an exemption from those broils and wars between 
themselves which so frequently afflict neighboring coun- 
tries not tied together by the same government, which 
their own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, 
but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and 
intrigues would stimulate and imbitter. Hence, like- 
wise, they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown 
military establishments which, under any form of gov- 
ernment, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be 



washington'8 farewell A]jDRESS. 303 

regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty. 
In this sense it is that your union ought to be consid- 
ered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love of 
the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the 
other. 

These considerations speak a persuasive language to 
every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit the con- 
tinuance of the union as a primary object of patriotic 
desire. Is there a doubt whether a common government 
can embrace so large a sphere ? Let experience solve 
it. To listen to mere speculation in such a case 
were criminal. We are authorized to hope that a proper 
organization of the whole, with the auxiliary agency of 
governments for the respective subdivisions, will afford 
a happy issue to the experiment. It is well worth a fair 
and full experiment. With such powerful and obvious 
motives to union, affecting all parts of our country, 
while experience shall not have demonstrated its im- 
practicability, there will always be reason to distrust the 
patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor 
to weaken its bands. 

In contemplating the causes which may disturb our 
union, it occurs as a matter of serious concern that any 
ground should have been furnished for characterizing 
parties by geographical discriminations — Northern and 
Southern, Atlantic and Western ; whence designing 
men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real 
difference of local interests and views. One of the expe- 
dients of party to acquire influence within particular dis- 
tricts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other 
districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against 
the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these 
misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each 
other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal 
affection. The inhabitants of our western country have 
lately had a useful lesson on this head. They have seen 
in the negotiation by the executive, and in the unani- 
mous ratification by the Senate of the treaty with Spain, 
and in the universal satisfaction at that event through- 
out the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded 
were the suspicions propagated among thera of a policy 
in the general government and in the Atlantic Statei un- 



304 REBELLION REGIISTER. 

friendly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi. 
They have been witnesses to - the formation of two 
treaties — that with Great Britain and that with Spain — 
which secure to them everything they could desire, in 
1 espect to our foreign relations, towards confirming their 
prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the 
preservation of these advantages on the union by which 
they were procured? Will they not henceforth be deaf 
to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever 
them from their brethren and connect them with aliens? 

To the efficacy and permanency of your union a gov- 
ernment for the whole is indispensable. No alliances, 
however strict, between the parts can be an adequate 
substitute; they must inevitably experience the infrac- 
tions and interruptions which all alliances in all times 
have experienced. Sensible of this momentous truth, 
you have improved upon your first essay by the adop- 
tion of a constitution of government better calculated 
than your former for an intimate union, and for the effi- 
cacious management of your common concerns. This 
government — the offspring of your own choice, uninflu- 
enced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and 
mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in 
the distribution of its powers, uniting security with en- 
ergy, and containing within itself a provision for its own 
amendment — has a just claim to your confidence and 
your support. Respect for its authority, compliance 
with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties 
enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. 
The basis of our political systems is the right of the peo- 
ple to make and to alter their constitutions of govern- 
ment. But the Constitution which at any time exists, 
until changed by an explicit and authentic act of the 
whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very 
idea of the power and the right of the people to estab- 
lish government presupposes the duty of every indi- 
vidual to obey the established government. 

All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all com- 
binations and associations, under whatever plausible 
character, with the real design -to direct, control, coun- 
teract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the 
constituted authorities, are destructive of this funda- 



WASTIINr.TON's FAREWELI. ADDRE: S. ?,()') 

meritrtl principle, and of fatal tendency. Thej serve to 
organize taction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary 
f )rce; to put in the place of the delegated will of th« 
nat'oii the will of a party, often a small but artful and 
enterprising minority of the community; and according 
to the alternate triumphs, of different parties, to make 
the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted 
and incongruous projects of faction, rather than the 
organ of consistent and wholesome plans, digested by 
common councils, and modified by mutual int-erests. 

However combinations or associations of the above 
description may now and then answer popular ends, they 
are likely, in the course of times and things, to become 
potent engines by which cunning, ambitious, and un- 
principled men will be enabled to subvert the power of 
the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of gov- 
ernment, destroying afterwards the very engines which 
have lifted them to unjust dominion. 

Towards the preservation of your government, and 
the permanency of your present happy state, it is re- 
quisite not only t.hat you steadily discountenance irregu- 
lar oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also 
that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon 
its principles, however specious the pretext. One 
method of assault may be to effect in the forms of the 
Constitution alterations which will impair the energy of 
the system, and thus to undermine what cannot be di- 
rectly overthrown. In all the changes to which you 
may be invited, remember that time and habit are at 
least as necessary to fix the true character of government 
as of other human institutions ; that experience is the 
surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the 
existing Constitution of a country ; that facility in 
changes upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion 
exposes to perpetual change, from the endless variety of 
hypothesis and opinion ; and remember, especially, that 
for the efficient management of your common interests, 
in a country so extensive as ours, a government of as 
much vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of 
liberty is indispensable. Liberty itself will find in such 
a government, with powers properly distributed and ad- 
justed, its surest guardian. It is indeed little else than 



306 REBELLION REGISTER. 

a name where the government is too feeble to withstand 
the enterprises of faction, to confine each member of the 
society within the limits prescribed by the laws, and to 
maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the 
rights of person and property. 

I have already intimated to you the danger of parties 
in the State, with particular references to the founding 
of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now 
take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the 
most solemn manner against the baneful efi'ects of the 
spirit of party generally. 

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our 
nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the 
human mind. It exists under difierent shapes in all 
governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or re- 
pressed ; but in those of the popular form it is seen in 
its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. 

The alternate domination of one faction over another, 
sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dis- 
sension, which, in different ages and countries, has per- 
petrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful 
despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal 
and J ernianent despotism. The disorders and miseries 
which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek 
security and repose in the absolute power of an indi- 
vidual ; and, sooner or later, the chief of some prevail- 
ing faction, more able or more fortunate than his com- 
petitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his 
own elevation on the ruins of public liberty. 

Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind, 
(which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely out of 
sight.) the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit 
of party are sufficient to make it the interest and duty 
of a wise people to discourage and restrain it. 

It serves always to distract the public councils and 
enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the com- 
munity with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms ; 
kindles the animosity of one part against another ; fo- 
ments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the 
door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a 
facilitated access to the government itself, through the 
channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the 



Washington's farewell address. 807 

will of one country are subjected to the policy and will 
of another. 

There is an opinion that parties in free countries are 
useful checks upon the administration of the govern- 
ment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This, 
within certain limits, is probably true ; and in govern- 
ments of a monarchical cast, patriotism may look with 
indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. 
But in those of the popular character, in governments 
purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. 
From their natural tendency it is certain there will 
always be enough of that spirit for every salutary pur- 
pose. And there b^ing constant danger of excess, the 
eflfort ought to be, by force of public opinion, to mitigate 
and assuage it. A fire notto'be quenched, it demands a 
uniform vigilance, to prevent its bursting into a flame, 
lest, instead of warming, it should consume. 

It is important, likewise, that the habits of thinking, 
in a free country, should inspire caution in those in- 
trusted with its administration, to confine themselves 
within their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding, 
in the exercise of the powers of one department, to en- 
croach upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends 
to consolidate the powers of all the departments in one, 
and thus to create, whatever the form of government, a 
real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power, 
and proneness to abuse it, which predominate in the hu- 
man heart, is suflBcient to satisfy us of the truth of this 
position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the ex- 
ercise of political power, by dividing and distributing 
it into difierent depositories, and constituting each the 
guardian of the public weal against invasions by the 
others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient and 
modern ; some of them in our country, and under our 
own eyes. To preserve them must be as necessary as to 
institute them. If, in the opinion of the people, the dis- 
tribution or modification of the constitutional powers be 
in any particular wrong, let it be corrected by an amend- 
ment in the way which the constitution designates. But 
let there be no change by usurpation ; for, though this, 
in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the 
customary weapon by which free governments are de- 



308 REBELLION REGISTER. 

stroyed. The precedent must always greatly over- 
balance in permanent evil any partial or transient beno" 
fit which the use can at any time yield. 

Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to po- 
litical prosperity, religion and morality are indispensa- 
ble supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute 
of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great 
pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the 
duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally 
with the pious man, ought to respect and to cherish 
them. A volume could not trace all their connections 
with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, 
where is the security for property, for reputation, for 
Hie, if the sense of religious obligations desert the oatha 
which are the instruments of investigation in courts of 
justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposi- 
tion that morality can be maintained without religion. 
Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined 
education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and ex- 
perience both forbid us to expect that national morality 
can prevail in exclusion of religious principle. 

It is substantially true that virtue, or morality, is a 
necessary spring of popular government. The rule in- 
deed extends with more or less force to every species of 
free government. Who that is a sincere friend to it can 
look with indifierence upon attempts to shake the foun- 
dation of the fabric? 

Promote, then, as an object of primary importance^ 
institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In 
proportion as the structure of a government gives force 
to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion 
should be enlightened. 

As a very important source of strength and security, 
cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to 
use it as sparingly as possible, avoiding occasions of ex- 
pense by cultivating peace ; but remembering, also, that 
timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently 
prevent much greater Oisburt^ements to repel it; avoid- 
ing, likewise, the accumulation of debt, not only by 
shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exer- 
tions in time of peace to discharge the debts which 
uuavoidable wars may have occasioned, not ungenerously 



Washington's farewell address. 309 

throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves 
ought to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs 
to your representatives; but it is necessary that public 
opinion should co-operate. To facilitate to them the 
performance of their duty, it is essential that you should 
practically bear in mind that towards the payment of 
debts there must be revenue ; that to have revenue 
there must be taxes ; that no taxes can bo devised which 
are not more or less inconvenient and unpleasant; that 
the intrinsic embarrassment inseparable from the selec- 
tion of the proper objects (which is always a choice of 
difficulties) ought to be a decisive motive for a candid 
construction of the conduct of the government in making 
it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures for 
obtaining revenue which the public exigencies may at 
any time dictate. 

Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; 
cultivate peace and harmony with all. Religion and 
morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that good 
policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be worthy of 
a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great na- 
tion, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel 
example of a people always guided by an exalted sense 
of justice and benevolence. Who can doubt that in the 
course of time and things the fruits of such a plan would 
richly repay any temporary advantages which might be 
lost by a steady adherence to it? Can it be that Provi- 
dence has not connected the permanent felicity of a na- 
tion with its virtue ? The elxperiment, at least, is 
recommended by every sentiment which enobles human 
nature. Alas! is it rendered impossible by its vices? 

In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more es- 
sential than that permanent inveterate antipathies against 
particular nations, and passionate attachments for others, 
should be excluded ; and that in place of them just and 
amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated. The 
nation which indulges towards another an habitual 
hatred or an habitual fondness is in some degree a slave. 
It is a slave to its animosity or to its affection, either of 
which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and its 
interest. Antipathy in one nation against another dis- 
poses each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay 



310 REBELLION REGISTER. 

hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty :nnl 
intractable when accidental or trifling o<icasions of dis- 
pute occur. 

Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed, and 
bloody contests. The nation, prompted by ill will and 
resentment, sometimes impels to war the government, 
contrary to the best calculations of policy. The govern- 
ment sometimes participates in the national propensity, 
and adopts, through passion, what reason would reject; 
at otlier times it makes the aninmsity of the nation sub- 
servient to projects of hostility instigated by pride, am- 
bition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. The 
peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, of nations 
has been the victim. 

So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one nation for 
another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the 
favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary 
common interest in cases where no real common interest 
exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, 
betrays the former into a participation in the quarrels 
and wars of the latter, without adequate inducement or 
justification. It leads, also, to concessions to the fa- 
vorite nation of privileges denied to others, which are 
apt doubly to injure the nation making the concessions, 
by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have been 
retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill will, and a dispo- 
sition to retaliate, in the parties from whom equal priv- 
ileges are withheld; and it gives to ambitious, cor- 
rupted, or deluded citizens (who devote themselves to 
the favorite nation) facility to betray or sacrifice the in- 
terests of their own country without odium, sometimes 
even with popularity; gilding with the appearance of a 
virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference 
for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, 
the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, 
or infatuation. 

As avenues to foreign influence, in innumerable ways, 
Buch attachments are particularly alarming to the truly 
enlightened and independent patriot. How many op- 
portunities do they afi'ord to tamper with domestic fac- 
tions, to practice the arts of seduction, to mislead public 
opinion, to influence or awe tho public councils! Such 



Washington's farewell address. 311 

an attachment of a small or weak towards a great and 
powerful nation dooms the former to be the satellite of 
the other. Against the insidious wiles of foreign influ- 
ence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the 
jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, 
since history and experience prove that foreign influence 
is one of the most baneful foes of republican govern- 
ments. But that jealousy, to be useful, must be impar- 
tial ; else it becomes the instrument of the very influence 
to be avoided, instead of a defence against it. Exces- 
sive partiality for one foreign nation, and excessive dis- 
like of another, cause those whom they actuate to see 
danger only on one side, and serve to veil and even 
second the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots, 
who may resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to 
become suspected and odious ; while its tools and dupes 
usurp the applause and confidence of the people, to sur- 
render their interests. 

The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign 
nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to 
have With them as little political connection as possible. 
So far as we have already formed engagements, let them 
be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. 

Europe has a set of primary interests which to us 
have none, or a very remote, relation. Hence she must 
be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of 
which are essentially foreign to onr concerns. Hence, 
therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, 
by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her poli- 
tics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her 
friendships or enmities. 

Our detached and distant situation invites and enables 
us to pursue a diff"erent course. If we remain one peo- 
ple, under an efficient government, the period is not far 
off when we may defy material injury from external an- 
noyance ; when we may take such an attitude as will 
cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to 
be scrupulously respected ; when belligerent nations, 
under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, 
will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation ; when 
we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by 
justice, shall counsel 



312 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation? 
Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground ? Why, 
by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of 
Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils 
of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or 
caprice ? 

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent al- 
liances with any portion of the foreign world ; so far, I 
mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for let me not 
be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to ex- 
isting engagements. I hold the maxim no less applica- 
ble to public than to private affairs, that honesty is 
always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those 
engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, 
in my opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, 
to extend them. 

Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable es- 
tablishments, on a respectable defensive posture, we may 
safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinjjry 
emergencies. 

Harmony, and a liberal intercourse with all nations, 
are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. 
But even our commercial policy should hold an equal, 
an impartial hand ; neither seeking nor granting exclu- 
sive favors or preferences ; consulting the natural course 
of things ; diffusing and diversifying, by gentle means, 
the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing; estab- 
lishing, with powers so disposed — in order to give trade 
a stable course, to define the rights of our merchants, 
and to enable the government to support them — conven- 
tional rules of intercourse, the best that present circum- 
stances and mutual opinion will permit, but temporary, 
and liable to be from time to time abandoned or varied, 
as experience and circumstances shall dictate ,' con- 
stantly keeping in view that it is folly in one nation to 
look for disinterested favors from another ; that it must 
pay with a portion of its independence for whatever it 
may accept under that character ; that by such accept- 
ance it may place itself in the condition of having given 
equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being re- 
proached with ingratitude for not giving more. There 
can be no greater error than to expect or calculate upon 



Washington's farewell address. 313 

real favors from nation to nation. It is an illusion 
which experience must cure, which a just pride ought to 
discard. 

In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of 
an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will 
make the strong and lasting impression I could wish ; 
that they will control the usual current of the passions, 
or prevent our nation from running the course which has 
hitherto marked the destiny of nations; but if I may 
even flatter myself that they may be productive of some 
partial benefit, some occasional good; that they may 
now and then recur to moderate the fury of party spirit, 
to warn against the mischiefs of foreign intrigue, to 
guard against the impostures of pretended patriotism ; 
this hope will be a full recompense for the solicitude for 
your welfare by which they have been dictated. 

How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I have 
been guided by the principles which have been de- 
lineated, the public records and other evidences of my 
conduct must witness to you and to the world. To my- 
self, the assurance of my own conscience is, that I have 
at least believed myself to be guided by them. 

In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my 
proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the index te 
my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by 
that of your representatives in both houses of Congress, 
the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, 
uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me 
from it. 

After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best 
lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our 
country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a 
right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to 
take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determine^, 
as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it witk 
moderation, perseverance, and firmness. 

The considerations which respect the right to hold 
this conduct is not necessary, on this occasion, to detail. 
I will only observe that, according to my understanding 
of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by 
any of the belligerent powers, has been virtually ad- 
mitted by all. 
13 



314 REBELLION REGISTER. 

The duty of holding a neutral conduct may he in- 
ferred, without any thing more, from the obligation 
which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in 
cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the 
relations of peace and amity towards other nations. 

The inducements of interest for observing that con- 
duct will best be referred to your own reflections and 
experience. With me, a predominant motive has been 
to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and ma- 
ture its yet recent institutions, and to progress, without 
interruption, to that degree of strength and consistency 
which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the 
command of its own fortunes. 

Though in reviewing the incidents of my administra- 
tion I am unconscious of intentional error, I am never- 
theless too sensible of my defects not to think it proba- 
ble that I may have committed many errors. Whatever 
they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert 
or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall 
also carry with me the hope that my country will never 
cease to view them with indulgence ; and that after 
forty-five years of my life, dedicated to its service with 
an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will 
be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the 
mansions of rest. 

Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and 
actuated by that fervent love towards it which is so 
natural to a man who views in it the native soil of him- 
self and his progenitors for several generations, I an- 
ticipate with pleasing expectation that retreat in which I 
promise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet en- 
joyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, 
the benign influence of good laws under a free govern- 
ment — the ever favorite object of my heart, and the 
happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, 
and dangers. G. WASHINGTON. 

United States, September 17, 1796. 



SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS, 

BY ABRAHAM LINCOLN, MARCH 4, 1865. 



Fellow-Countrymen: At this second appearing to 
take the oath of the Presidential office, there is less oc- 
casion fo.r an extended address than there was at the 
first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, of a course 
to be pursued, seemed very fitting and proper. Now, at 
the expiration of four years, during which public declar- 
ations have been constantly called forth on every point 
and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the 
attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little 
that is new could be presented. 

The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly 
depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and 
it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to 
all. With high hope for the future, no prediction with 
regard to it is ventured. 

On the occasion corresponding to this, four years ago, 
all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending 
civil war. All dreaded it; all sought to avoid it. While 
the inaugural address was being delivered from this 
place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without 
war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy 
it without war — seeking to dissolve the Union and divide 
the eft'ects by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war, 
but one of them would make war rather than let the 
nation survive ; and the other would accept war rather 
than let it perish, and the war came. 

One-eighth of the whole population were colored 
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but 
localized in the southern part of it. These slaves con- 
stituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that 
this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To 
strengthen, perpetuate and extend this interest, was the 
object for which the insurgents would rend the Union, 
even by war, while the Government claimed no right to 

(315) 



316 REBELLION REGISTER. 

to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement 
of it. 

Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or 
the duration which it has already attained. Neither 
anticipated that the cause of the conflct might cease 
with, or even before the confict itself should cease. Each 
looked for an easier triumph, and a result less funda- 
mental and astounding. 

Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; 
and each invokes His aid against the other. It may 
seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just 
God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat 
of other men's faces; but let us judge not, that we be not 
judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. 
That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty 
has His own purposes. "Woe unto the world because 
of oflfences. for it must needs be that offences come ; but 
woe to that man by whom the offence cometh." If we 
shall suppose that American slavery is one of these 
offences, which, in the providence of God, must needs 
come, but which, having continued through His ap- 
pointed time. He now wills to remove, and that He gives 
to both North and South this terrible war as the woe 
due to those by whom the offence came, shall we discern 
therein any departure from those divine attributes which 
the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? 
Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this 
mighty scourge of war may soon pass away. Yet, if 
God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by 
the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited 
toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn 
with the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the 
sword; as was said three thousand years ago. so still it 
must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are true and 
righteous altogether." 

With malice toward none, with charity to all, with 
firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, 
let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; to bind up 
the nation's wounds ; to care for him who shall have 
borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans ; to 
do all which may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting 
peace among ourselves and with all nations. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



From the moment that the Declaration of Independ- 
ence was published, July 4, 1776, the thirteen Colonies 
ceased to form a part of the British Empire, and became 
thirteen separate, independent, sovereign nations, each 
possessed of the power of self-government. 

Immediately after the Declaration, a committee pre- 
pared Articles of Confederation, which were adopted by 
the several Colonies. A new nation, the United States 
of America, was thus formed and went into operation 
March 23, 1781. 

The powers conferred by these articles were found to 
be too limited for the purposes of a National Govern- 
ment. It was merely a league between sovereign 
nations. The bond of Union was too feeble for per- 
manency. The people felt this, and remedied it by 
adopting a Constitution, which binds the people of each 
and all of the states together under one National Gov- 
ernment. 

The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, 
and upon it and the amendments thereto is based our 
present Government, all the powers of which are granted 
through this instrument, as set forth in the preamble, 
by " We, the people of the United States, in order to 
form a more perfect union, &c." 

These powers are exercised by the three co-ordinate 
branches of the Government, viz: the legislative, judi- 
cial, and executive. 

The legislative, or law-making power, is vested in a 
Congress, consisting of two branches, the Senate and 
House of Representatives. For full information in re- 
lation to Congress, see the Constitution, Art. 1. As 
there are thirty-six states in the Union, the whole num- 

(317) 



^18 REBELLION REGISTER. 

ber of Senators is seventy-two ; the whole number of 
Representatives is two hundred and forty-two, exclusive 
of the Territorial Delegates — one from each territory — 
who has the privileges of a Representative, except that 
of voting. As some of the states lately in rebellion art 
not represented in Congress the actual attendance is con 
siderably less than the above figures. 

The judicial, or law-interpreting power, is vested in 
" one Supreme Court and other inferior Courts," for the 
particulars of which see the Constitution, Art. III. 

The executive, or law-enforci«g power, is vested in 
the President. For his qualifications, election, powers, 
duties, &c., see the Constitution, Art. II. For the veto 
power, see Art. I, Sec. VII, Par. 3. The President is 
assisted in the performance of his duties by several 
ofl&cers who compose his cabinet, and who are his con- 
stitutional advisers. They are the Secretaries of State, 
of the Treasury, of War of the Navy, and of the In- 
terior, the Postmaster General, and the Attorney Gen- 
eral. They are all executive officers. They are nom- 
inated by the President, and approved by the Senate, 
and are removable by the will of the President. 

SALx^RIES. 

The principal officers of the Government ere paid for 
their services as follows : 

President $25,000 per annum. 

Vice-President 8,000 per annum. 

Cabinet Officers 8,000 per annum. 

Chief Justice 6,500 per annum. 

Associate Justices. 6,000 per annum. 

Speaker of the House 3,000 per annum. 

Senators 3,0U0 per annum. 

Representatives 3,000 per annum. 

Congressmen are also allowed mileage at the rate of 
eight dollars for every twenty miles of estimated dip 
tance by the most usual road from his place of residence 
to the seat of Congress, at the commencement and at the 
end of every regular session. 



THE UNITED STATES, 319 

H?vbeas Corpus — When a person is arrested or 
imprisoned, he is not compelled to wait for a hearing 
till the regular term of the court, but he may have a 
writ of " habeas corpus," and be immediately brought 
before a judge. And if it appears that he is illegally 
detained, he is entitled to an immediate discharge. The 
term habeas corpus, means you may have the body, and 
authorizes the officer to whom it is directed, to bring 
forth the body of the prisoner from confinement, to have 
an immediate hearing. This writ has justly been con- 
sidered the " bulwark of personal liberty," and the Con- 
stitution declares that this privilege " shall not be sus- 
pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion 
the public safety may require it." For the privileges 
and duties of citizens, see Constitution, Art. IV, Sec. II, 
and Amendments 1 to 11, inclusive. For State Rights, 
see Constitution, Art. I, Sec. X, Art. IV, and Amend- 
ment X. 



THE states: 



THEIR SETTLEMENT, FORMATION AS TERRITORIES, AD- 
MISSION INTO THE UNION, AREA, POPULATION IN 
1860, SUFFRAGE LAWS, GENERAL ELECTION, &C., AC. 

Alabama — Was settled near Mobile, by the French, 
in 1702 ; was formed into a territory, from the eastern 
portion of Mississippi, March 3, 1817 ; framed a Con- 
stitution August 2, 1819, and was admitted into the 
Union December 14, of the same year. Area, 50,722 
square miles. Population, 964,201, of whom 435,080 
were slaves. Free white male persons, twenty-one years 
of age, citizens of the United States, who have resided 
one year in the State and three months in the county, 
are entitled to vote. State election, first Monday in 
August. The Legislature meets biennially, on the sec- 
ond Monday in November. 

Arkansas — Was settled at Arkansas Post in 1685, 
by the French, and was part of the Louisiana purchase 
ceded by France to the United States, April 30, 1803. 
It was formed into a territory by act of Congress, March 
2, 1819, from the southern part of the territory of Mis- 
souri ; its western boundary was settled May 26, 1824, 
and its southern May 19, 1828, and the State admitted 
into the Union June 15, 1836. Area 52,198 square 
miles. Population 435,450, of whom 111,115 were 
slaves. It is an agricultural State, its staples being corn 
and cotton. The State Constitution makes every free 
white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years 
of age, who shall have resided six months in the State, 
a qualified voter in the district where he resides, except 
that no soldier, seaman, or marine in the United States' 
service can vote in the State. State election, first Mon- 
day in August. The Legislature meets biennially on 
the first Monday in November. 

(320) 



THE STATES. 321 

California — Was settled at Diego in 1768, by Span- 
iards, and was part of the territory ceded to the United 
States by Mexico, by the treaty concluded at Guadaloupe 
Hidalgo, February 22, 1848. After several ineffectual 
attempts to organize it as a territory or admit it as a 
State, a law was passed by Congress for the latter pur- 
pose^ which was approved September 9, 1850. Area 
188,981 square miles. Population 305,439. It is the 
most productive gold mining region on the continent, 
and also abounds in many other minerals. Every white 
male citizen of the United States (or of Mexico who 
shall have elected to become a citizen of the United 
States under treaty of Queretaro) of full age, resident 
six months in the State and thirty days in the district 
is a qualified elector. The Legislature, which meets 
biennially on the first Monday in December, has power 
to extend the right to Indians and their descendants. 
State election, first Monday in September. 

Connecticut — Was settled at Windsor, in 1633, by 
English Puritans from Massachusetts, and continued 
under the jurisdiction of that province until April 23, 
1662, when a separate charter was granted, which con- 
tinued in force until a Constitution was formed, Septem- 
ber 15, 1818. It was one of the original thirteen States, 
and ratified the United States Constitution, January 9, 
"1788. Area 4,750 square miles. Population 460,147. 
It is one of the most densely populated and principal 
manufacturing States in the Union. Connecticut gives 
the ballot to all persons, whether white or black, who 
were freemen at the adoption of her Constitution (1818) 
and subsequently to " every white male citizen of the 
United States," of full age, resident six months in the 
town, and owning a freehold of the yearly value of $7, 
or who shall have performed militia duty, paid a State 
tax, and sustained a good moral character within 
the year. This was amended in 1845 by striking out 
the property and tax-paying qualification, and fixing the 
residence at one year in the State, and six months in the 
town. Only those negroes have voted in Connecticut 
who were admitted freedmen prior to 1818. State elec- 
tion first Monday in April. The Legislature meets an- 
nually, on the first Wednesday in May. 
14* 



322 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Delaware — Was settled at WilmingtoD, in 1638, by 
Swedes and Finns ; was granted to William Penn in 
1682, and continued under the government of Pennsyl- 
vania until the adoption of a Constitution, September 
20, 1776 ; a new one was formed June 12, 1792. It 
was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the 
United States Constitution, December 7, 1787. Area 
2,120 square miles. Population 112,216, of whom 1,798 
were slaves. It is a grain and fruit growing State, with 
some extensive manufactories. This State gives the 
elective franchise to every free white male citizen of the 
age of twenty-two years, who has resided one year in 
the State, and the last month thereof in the county, and 
who has, within two years, paid a county tax, assessed 
at least six mouths before the election ; every free white 
male citizen over twenty-one and under twenty-two may 
vote without paying any tax. Idiots, insane persons, 
paupers and felons, are excluded from voting, and the 
Legislature may impose forfeiture of the right of suff- 
rage as a punishment for crime. State election, first 
Tuesday in November. The Legislature meets bienni- 
ally, on the first Tuesday in January. 

Plorida — Was settled at St. Augustine, in 1565, by 
Spaniards ; was formed from part of the territory ceded 
by Spain to the United States, by treaty of February 
22, 1819. An act to authorize the President to establish 
a temporary government was passed March 3, 1819; ar- 
ticles of surrender of East Florida were framed July 
10, and of West Florida, July 17, 1821, and it was then 
taken possession of by Ceneral Jackson as Governor. 
An act for the establishment of a territorial government 
was passed March 30, 1822, and by act of March 3, 
1823, East and West Florida were constituted one terri- 
tory. Acts to establish its boundary line between 
Georgia and Alabama were passed May 4, 1826, and 
March 2, 1831. After several ineffectual attempts to 
organize it into two territories, or into a State and ter- 
ritory, an act for its admission into the Union was passed 
March 3, 1845. Area 59,268 square miles. Population 
140,425, of whom 61,745 were slaves. It is an agricul- 
tural State, tropical in its climate and products. Florida 
Ufliits the suffrage to "every free white male person," of 



THE STATES. 323 

twenty-one years of ago, a citizen of the United States, 
two years a resident of the State, and six months of the 
county, duly enrolled in the militia, and duly registered; 
provided that no soldier or seaman quartered therein 
shall be deemed a resident, and the Legislature may ex- 
clude from voting for crime. State election, first Mon- 
day in October. The Legislature meets biennially on 
the first Monday in November. 

Georgia — Was settled at Savannah, in 1733, by the 
English under General Oglethorpe. It was chartered 
June 9, 1732; formed a Constitution February 5, 1777; 
a second in 1785, and a third May 30, 1798. It was one 
of the thirteen original States, and ratified the United 
States Constitution January 2, 1788. Area 58,000 
square miles. Population 1,057,286, of whom 462,198 
are slaves. It is a large cotton and rice growing State. 
The new Constitution declares that " the electors of the 
General Assembly shall be free white male citizens of 
the State, and shall have attained the age of twenty-one 
years, and shall have paid all taxes which may have been 
required of them, and which they have had an oppor- 
tunity of paying agreeable to law, for the year preceed- 
ing the election, shall be citizens of the United States ; 
and shall have resided six months either in the district 
or county, and two years within the State. State elec- 
tion, first Wednesday in October. The Legislature 
meets annually, on the first Thursday in November. 

Illinois — Was settled at Kaskaskia, in 1633, by the 
French, and formed part of the Northwestern territory 
ceded by Virginia to the United States. An act for 
dividing the Indiana territory and organizing the terri- 
tory of Illinois, was passed by Congress, February 3, 
1809 ; and an act to enable it to form a State Constitu- 
tion, Government, etc., was passed April 18, 1818, a 
Constitution was framed August 26, and it was admit- 
ted into the Union December 23, of the same year. 
Area 55,409 square miles. Population 1,711,951. It 
is the chief "Prairie" State, mainly devoted to grain- 
growing and cattle-raising. Illinois gives the vote to 
" every white male citizen," of full age, residing one 
year in the State, and "every white male inhabitant" 
who was a resident of the State at the adoption of this 



324 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Coastitution. State election, first Tuesday in Novem- 
ber. The Legislature meets biennially, on the second 
Monday in January. 

Indian-"'. — Was settled at Vincennes in 1690, by the 
French, and formed part of the Northwestern territory 
ceded by Virginia to the United States. It was organ- 
ized into a territory May 7, 1800, from which the terri- 
tory of Michigan was set off in 1805, and Illinois in 

1809. An act was passed to empower it to form a State 
Constitution, Government, etc., April 19, 1816, and it 
was admitted into the Union December 11, of the same 
year. Area 33,809 square miles. Population 1,350,42S. 
It is an agricultural State chiefly devoted to grain grow- 
ing and cattle raising. Indiana gives the right of suff- 
rage to "every white male citizen of the United States," 
of f'lll age and six months' residence in the State, and 
every white male of foreign birth and full age, who h.is 
resided one year in the United States, and six months 
preceding the election in the State, and who has declared 
his intention to become a citizen. State election, second 
Tuesday in October. The Legislature meets biennially, 
on the first Wednesday in January. 

low-l — Was first settled at Burlington by emigrants 
from the Northern and Eastern States. It was part of 
the rigion purchased from France ; was set off from the 
territory of Wisconsin and organized a's a separate ter- 
ritory June 12, 1838 ; an act for its admission as a State 
was passed and approved March 3, 1845, to which the 
assent of its inhabitants was t-o be given, to be announced 
by proclamation of the President, and on December 28, 

1810, another act for its admission was passed. Area 
55,000 square miles. Population 674,913. It is an 
agricultural State, resembling Illinois, and coHtains im- 
portant lead mines. White male citizens of the United 
States, having resided in the State six months, and 
county twenty days, are entitled to vote. State elec- 
tion, second Tuesday in October. The Legislature 
meets biennially, on the second Monday in January. 

XailsriF — Was formed out of the original Louisiana 
purchase, and organized into a territory by act of Con- 
gress, May — , 1854, and after several ineffectual at- 
tempts was finally admitted int-o the Union in January, 



THE STATES. 325 

1861. Area 114,798 square miles. Population 107,206. 
It is an agricultural State, with a soil of rich and deep 
black loam, except the central portion, which is partly a 
desert. The western portion is a fine grazing country, 
well woodeci. It also abounds in minerals. Kansas 
gives the ballot to every white male adult resident s'-x 
months in the State and thirty days in the town, who is 
either a citizen or has declared his intention. State 
election first Tuesday in November. The Legislature 
meets annually on the second Thursday in January. 

Kentucky — Was settled in 1775 by Virginians ; 
formed into a territory by act of the Virginia Legisla- 
ture, December 18, 1789, and admitted into the Union 
June 1, 1792, by virtue of an act of Congress, passed 
February 4, 1791. Area 37,680 square miles. Popu- 
lation 1,155,684, of whom 225.483 were slaves. It is 
an agricultural State, raising more flax and hemp than 
any other. In Kentucky " every white male citizen of 
the age of twenty-one years," who has resided two years 
in the State, one year in the county, and sixty days in 
the precinct, is a voter. State election first Monday in 
August. The Legislature meets biennially, on the first 
Monday in December. 

Louisiana — Was settled at Iberville, in 1699, by 
the French, and C'omprised part of the territory ceded 
by France to the United States, by treaty of April 30, 
1803, which purchase was erected into two territories by 
act of Congress, March 26, 1804, one called the territory 
of Orleans, the other the di-strict of Louisiana, after- 
ward changed to that of Missouri." Congress, March 2, 
1806, authorized the inhabitants of Orleans territory to 
form a State Constitution and Government when their 
population should amount to 60,000 ; a Constitution was 
adopted January 22, 1812, and the State admitted into 
the Union April 8, of the same year, under the name of 
Louisiana. Area 41,346 square miles. Population 
708,002, of whom 331,726 were slaves. It is the chief 
sugar producing State of the Union. Louisiana gives 
the ballot to every free white male who has attained the 
age of twenty-one years, and has resided twelve months 
in the State, and six months in the parish- State elec- 



326 REBELLION REGISTER. 

tion first Monday in November. The Legislature meets 
biennially, on the third Monday in January. 

Maine — Was settled at York, in 1623, by the Eng- 
lish, and was formerly under the jurisdiction of Massa- 
chusetts. October 29, 1819, the inhabitants of the Dis- 
trict of Maine framed a Constitution, applied for admis- 
sion December 8, 1819. Congress passed an act March 
3, 1820, and it wa3 admitted as a State March 15, of the 
same year. Area 35,000 square miles. Population 
628,279. It is largely engaged in the lumber trade and 
ship-building. Citizens of the United States, except 
paupers^ and persons under guardianship, who have re- 
sided in the State for three months next preceding the 
election, are entitled to vote. State election, second 
Monday in September. The Legislature meets annually 
on the first Wednesday in January. 

Maryland — Was settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by 
Irish Roman Catholics, having been chartered June 20, 
1632. It was one of the original thirteen States; 
formed a Constitution August 14, 1776, and ratified the 
Constitution of the United States April 28, 1788. Area 
11,124 square miles. Population 687,049, of whom 
87,189 were slaves. It is mainly an agricultural State, 
producing grain and tobacco. Maryland allows " every 
free white male person of twenty-one years of age, or 
upward," who has resided one year in the State, six 
months in the county, and is a citizen of the United 
States, to vote in the election district in which he re- 
sides, but no adult convicted of an infamous crime 
unless pardoned, and no lunatic or person non compos 
mentis shall vote. State election, first Tuesday in No- 
vember. The Legislature meets annually on the first 
Wednefiday in January. 

Massachusetts — Was settled at Plymouth, Novem- 
ber 3, 1620, by English Puritans, and charters were 
granted March 4, 1629, January 13, 1630, August 20, 
1726, and October 7, 1731. It was one of the original 
thirteen States ; adopted a Constitution March 2, 1780, 
which was amended November 3, 1820, and ratified the 
Constitution of the United States February 6, 1788. 
Area 7,800 square miles. Population 1,231,066. It is 
a largely commercial, the chief manufacturing and most 



THE STATES. S27 

densely populated State in the Union. The bdlot be- 
longs to every male citizen, twenyt-one years of age 
(except paupers and persons under guardianship), who 
shall have paid any tax assessed within two years, or 
who shall be exempted from taxation. But no person 
has the right to vote, or is eligible to office under the 
Constitution of this Commonwealth, who is not able to 
read the Constitution in the English language, and write 
his name. State election, first Tuesday in November. 
The Legislature meets annually on the first Wednesday 
in January. 

Michigan — Was settled at Detroit in 1670, by the 
French, and was part of the territory ceded to the 
United States by Virginia. It was set off from the ter- 
ritory of Indiana, and erected into a separate territory 
January 11, 1805 ; an act to attach to it all the territory 
of the United States west of the Mississippi river, and 
north of the State of Missouri, was passed June 28, 
1834. Wisconsin was organized from it April 3^, 1836; 
in June of the same year an act was passed to provide 
for the admission of the State of Michigan into the 
Union, and a Constitution having been adopted, it was 
admitted January 26, 1837. Area 56,243 square miles. 
Population 749,113. It is a grain-growing and cattle- 
rearing State, with rich and extensive mines of copper 
and iron in the Northern Peninsula. Michigan gives 
the ballot to every white male citizen, to every white 
male inhabitant residing in the State June 24th, 1835, 
and to every white male inhabitant residing in the State 
January 1st, 1850, who has declared his intention, etc., 
or who has resided two and a half years in the State, and 
declared his intention, and to every civilized male In- 
dan inhabitant, not a member of any tribe. But no per- 
son shall vote unless of full age, and a resident six 
months in the State and six days in the town. State elec- 
tion, first Tuesday in November. The Legislature meets 
biennially on the first Wednesday in January. 

Minnesota — Was settled about 1846, chiefly by 
emigrants from the Northern and Western States. It 
was organized as a territory by act of Congress, ap- 
proved March 3, 1849, and admitted into the Union 
February 26, 1857. Area 83,531 square miles. Popu- 



328 REBELLION REGISTER. 

lation 172,123 whites, and about 25,000 Indians, many 
of the tribes being of a warlike character. It is an ag- 
ricultural State, chiefly devoted to Northern grains. 
The right to vote is extended to male persons of twenty- 
one years of age, of the following classes, if they have 
resided in the United States one year, the State four 
mouths, and the election district ten days: 1. A white 
citizen of the United States. 2. A white alien who has 
declared his intention. 3. Civilized persons of mixed 
white and Indian blood. 4. Civilized Indians certified 
by a district court to be fit for citizenship. State elec- 
tion, first Tuesday in November. The Legislature meets 
biennially on the first Tuesday in January. 

Mies ssippi — Was settled at Natchez, in 1716, by 
the French, and was formed out of part of the territory 
ceded to the United States by South Carolina in 1787, 
and Georgia in 1802. It was organized as a territory 
by act of Congress, April 7, 1789, and enlarged on the 
north March 27, 180-4, and on the south May 14, 1812. 
After several unsuccessful attempts to enter the Union, 
Congress finally passed an act March 1, 1817, enabling 
the people of the western part of the territory to form a 
State Constitution and Government, which being com- 
plied with August 15, it was admitted December 10 of 
the same year. Area 46,156 square miles. Popula- 
tion 791,305, of whom 436,631 were slaves. It is the 
second cotton growing State of the Union. Mississippi 
makes every free whit3 male person of twenty-one years 
of age, who shall be a citizen of the United State?, who 
has re.-^iJed one year in the State, and four months in the 
county, a qualified elector. State election, first Monday 
in October. The Legislature meets biennially on the 
first Monday in January. 

Missouri — Was settled at Genevieve in 1763, by the 
French, and was part of the territory ceded by France 
by treaty of April 30, 1803. It was created under the 
name of the district of Louisiana, by an act approved 
March 26, 1804, and placed under the direction of the 
officers of the Indiana territory, and was organized into 
a separate territory June 4, 1812, its name being 
changed to that of 5lissouri ; and was divided March 2, 
1819, the territory of Arkansas being then created. An 



THE STATES. 329 

act authorizing it to form a State Constitution and Gov- 
ernment, was passed March 6, 1820, and it was admitted 
into the Union December 14, 1821. Area 67,380 square 
miles, or 43,123,200 acres. Population, in 1860, 1,182,- 
012, of which 114,931 were slaves. It is an agricultural 
and mining State. Citizens of the United States who 
have resided in the State one year, and county three 
months, are entitled to vote. State election, first Tues- 
day in November. The Legislature meets biennially on 
the last Monday in December. 

Nevada — Was organized as a territory 3Iarch 2, 
1861. Its name signifies snowy, and is derived from 
the Spanish word nieve (snow.) It comprises 81,539 
square miles, or 52,184,960 acres, lying mostly within 
the Great Basin of the Pacific coast. Congress, at its 
session in 1864, passed an act, which was approved 
March 21, to enable the people of the territory to form 
a Constitution and State Government, in pursuance of 
which a government was organized and the territory ad- 
mitted as a State by proclamation of the President, 
October 31, 1864. At the time of its organization the 
territory possessed a population of 6,857 white settlers. 
The development of her mineral resources was rapid and 
almost without parallel, and attracted a constant stream 
of immigration to that territory. As the population has 
not been subject to the fluctuations from which other 
territories have sufiered, the growth of Nevada has been 
rapid and steady. At the general convention election 
of 1863, 10,934 votes were cast. During 1864 great ac- 
cessions to the population were made. It is probably 
the richest State in the Union in respect to mineral re- 
sources. No region in the world is richer in argentifer- 
ous leads. It also contains an immense basin of salt, 
five miles square. Quartz mills are a very important 
feature in mining operations. The State is barren for 
agricultural purposes, and is remarkably healthy. Every 
white male citizen of full age, six months a resident in 
the State, and every white male alien, of full age, resi- 
dent in the United States one year, who has declared hia 
intention, may vote, but '* no negro. Chinaman, or mu- 
latto." State election, first Tuesday in November, Th« 



330 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Legislature meets annually on the first Monday in 
January. 

New Hampshire — Was settled at Dover, in 1623, 
by English Puritans, and continued under the jurisdic- 
tion of Massachusetts until September 18, 1679, when a 
separate charter was granted. It was one of the orig- 
inal thirteen States, and ratified the United States Con- 
stitution June 21, 1788 ; its State Constitution wa« 
framed January 5, 1776, and amended in 1784 and 1792. 
Area 9,280 square miles. Population 326,073. It is a 
grazing and manufacturing State. New Hampshire 
gives the ballot to "every male inhabitant" of twenty- 
one years, except paupers and persons excused from 
paying taxes at their own request. State election, 
second Tuesday in March. The Legislature meets an- 
nually on the first Wednesday in June. 

New Jersey — Was settled at Bergen, in 1624, by 
the Dutch and Danes; was conquered by the Dutch in 
1655, and submitted to the English in 1664, being held 
thereafter under the same grants as New York, until it 
was surrendered to the crown in 1702. It was one of 
the original thirteen States, adopted a State Constitution 
July 2, 1776, and ratified the United States Constitution 
December 18, 1787. Area 8,320 square miles. Popu- 
lation 672,035. It is a grain and fruit growing region, 
its orchard and market products being relatively greater 
than those of any other State. New Jersey gives the 
ballot to "every white male citizen" of the United 
States, of full age, residing one year in the State and 
five months in the county, except that no pauper, idiot, 
insane person, or person convicted of a crime which ex- 
cludes him from being a witness, shall vote. State elec- 
tion, first Tuesday in November. The Legislature meets 
annually on the second Tuesday in January. 

New York — Was settled at Manhattan in 1614, by 
the Dutch; was cenceded to the English by grants to 
the Duke of York, March 20, April 26, and June 24, 
1664; was retaken by the Dutch in 1673, and surren- 
dered again by them to the English, February 9, 1674. 
It was one of the original thirteen States, ratified the 
United States Constitution July 26, 1788; framed a 
Constitution April 20, 1777, which was amended Octo- 



THE STATES. 331 

ber 27, 1801, and November 10, 1821 ; a new one was 
adopted November 3, 1846. Area 46,000 square miles. 
Population 3,880,735. It is the most populous, wealthy, 
Hid commercial of the States. New York admits to the 
buthage -'every male citizen" of full age, who shall 
have been ten days a citizen, one year in the State, four 
months in the county, and thirty days in the district. 
But no man of color shall vote unless he has been three 
years a citizen of the State, and for one year the owner 
of a freehold worth $250, over incumbrances, on which 
he shall have paid a tax, and he is to be subject to no 
direct tax unless he owns such freehold. Laws are au- 
thorized and have been passed, excluding from the suf- 
frage, persons convicted of bribery, larceny, or infamous 
crime; also persons betting on the election. No person 
gains or loses a residence by reason of presence or ab- 
sence in the service of the United States — nor in navi- 
gation — nor as a student in a seminary — nor in an 
asylum or prison. A registry law also exists. State 
election, first Tuesday in November. The Legislature 
meets annually on the first Tuesday in January. 

North Carolina — Was settled at Albemarle, in 
1650, by the English, and was chartered March 20, 
1663. It was one of the original thirteen States, and 
ratified the United States Constitution November 21, 
1789 ; its State Constitution was adopted December 18, 
1776, and amended in 1835. Area 50,700 square miles. 
Population 992,622, of whom 331,059 were slaves. It 
is an agricultural State, with some mines and extensive 
pine forests. All freemen twenty-one years of age, 
living twelve months in the State, and owning a freehold 
of fifty acres for six months, should vote, except that 
" no fr&e negro, free mulatto, or free person of mixed 
blood, descended from negro ancestors to the fourth gen- 
eration inclusive (though one ancestor of each genera- 
tion may have been a white person), shall vote for mem- 
bers of the Senate or House of Commons." State elec- 
tion, second Thursday in August. The Legislature 
meets biennially on the third Monday in Nove«mber. 

Ohio — Was settled at Marietta in 1788, by emigrants 
from Virginia and New England ; was ceded by Vir- 
ginia to the United States October 20, 1783; accepted 



332 REBELLION REGISTER. 

by the latter March 1, 1784, and admitted into tho 
Union April 30, 1802. Area 39,964 square miles. 
Population 2,339,511. It is the most populous and 
wealthy of the agricultural States, devoted chiefly to 
wool-growing, grain and live stock. Ohio limits the 
elective franchise to "every white male citizen " of the 
United States, of full age, resident one year in the State, 
(Constitution of 1851.) But the courts of Ohio having 
ield that every person of one-half white blood is a 
"white male citizen" within the Constitution and that 
the burden of proof is with the challenging party, to 
show that the person is more than half black, which is 
impracticable. State election, second Tuesday in Octo- 
ber. The Legislature meets biennially on the first Mon- 
day in January. 

Oregon — Although it had previously been seen by 
various navigators, was first taken possession of by 
Capt. Robert Gray, who entered the mouth of its prin- 
cipal river May 7, 1792, naming it after his vessel, the 
Columbia, of Boston. Exploring expeditions soon fol- 
lowed, and fur companies sent their trappers and traders 
into the region. In 1811 a trading post was established 
at the mouth of the Columbia river by the i^raerican Fur 
Company, who named it Astoria. For some time a pro- 
visional territorial government existed, but the boundary 
remained unsettled until the treaty with Great Britain 
in 1846, when the 49th parallel was adopted. It was 
formally organized as a territory August 14, 1848; was 
divided March 2, 1853, on the 46th parallel, the north- 
ern portion being called Washington, and the southern 
Oregon. November 9, 1857, a State Constitution was 
adopted, under which it was admitted February 14, 1859, 
about one-third of it on the east being added to Wash- 
ington territory, its northern boundary following the 
Columbia river until its intersection with latitude 46° 
north. Area about 95,274 square miles. Population 
52,465. It is an agricultural State, possessed of a fer- 
tile soil, extensive pastures, genial climate, and is well 
wooded. Gold and other precious metals are found in 
considerable abundance. Suifrage qualification, same as 
in Nevada. State election, first Monday in June. The 



THE STATES. 333 

Legislature meets biennially on the second Monday ia 
September. 

Pennsylvania — Was settled at Philadelphia, in 
1681. by English Quakers, and was chartered February 
28 of the same year. It was one of the original thirteen 
States, ratifying the United States Constitution Decem- 
ber 12, 1787 ; adopted a State Constitution September 
28, 1776, and amended it September 2, 1790. Area 
47,000 square miles. Population 2,906,115. It is the 
second State in wealth and population, and the principal 
coal and iron mining region in the Union. Pennsyl- 
vania gives a vote to "every white freeman," of full age, 
who has resided one year in the State, and ten days in 
the election district, and has within two years paid a 
tax, except that a once qualified voter, returning into 
the State after an absence which disqualifies him from 
voting, regains his vote by a six months' residence, and 
except that white free citizens under twenty-two and 
over twenty-one vote without paying taxes. State elec- 
tion, second Tuesday in October. The Legislature 
meets annually, on the first Tuesday in January. 

Rhode Island — Was settled at Providence in 
1G36, by the English from Massachusetts under Roger 
Williams. It was under the jurisdiction of Massaciiu- 
sctts until July 8, 1662, when a separate charter was 
granted, which continued in force until the formation of 
a Constitution in September 1842. It was one of the 
original thirteen States, ratifying the United States Con- 
stitution, May 29, 1790. Area 1,306 square miles. 
Population 174,620. It is largely engaged in manufac- 
tures. Khode Island gives the right of suffrage: 1. To 
every male citizen, of full age, one year in the State, 
six months in the town, owning real estate worth S134, 
or renting $7 per annum. 2. To every native male citi- 
zen of full! age, two years in the State, six months in 
the town, who is duly registered, who has paid one dol- 
lar tax, or done militia service within the year. State 
election, first Wednesday in April. The Legislature 
meets annually on the last Tuesday in June. 

South Carolina— Was settled at Port Royal, in 
1670, by the English, and continued under the charter 
of Carolina or North Carolina until they were separated 



334 REBELLION REGISTER. 

in 1729.. Tt was one of the original thirteen state*--, rati- 
fying the United States Constitution May 23, 17^8 ; it 
framed a State Constitution March 26, 1776. which was 
amended March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790, Area 
31,000 square miles. Population 70.3,708, of whom 
402.406 were slaves, an excess of 101,270 over the 
whites. It is the principal rice growing State. South 
Carolina gives the right of voting to every person who 
has the following qualifications : He shall be a free 
white man who has attained the age of twenty-one years, 
and i.s not a pauper, nor a non-commissioned officer or 
pr vate soldier of the army, nor a seaman or a marine 
( f the navy of the United States. He shall, for two 
years preceding the election, have been a citizen oP the 
Stiite, or for the same period, an emigrant from Europe, 
who has declared his intention to become a citizen of 
the United States, He shall have resided in the State 
at least two years preceding the election, and for the 
last six months in the district. State election, fourth 
Monday in November. The Legislature meets annual 
ly, on the third Wednesday in October. 

Tennessee — Was settled at Fort Donelson. in 1756 
by emigrants from Virginia and North Corolina ; was 
ceded to the United States by North Carolina, Decevii- 
ber, 1789, conveyed by the Senators of that State Feb- 
ruary 25, 1790, and accepted by act of Congress, x\piil 
2., of the same year; it adopted a Constitution February 
6, 1799. and was admitted into the Union the first of 
June following. Area 45,000 square miles. Population 
1,109,801, of whom 275,170 were slaves. It is a mining 
and agricultural State, and is largely productive of live 
stock. Tennessee gives the elective franchise to every 
free white man of the age of twenty-one years, being a 
citizen of the United States, and for six months a resi- 
dent of the county. State election, first Thursday in 
August. The Legislature meets biennially, on the first 
Monday in October. 

Texas — Was first settled at Bexar, in 1694, by 
Spaniards ; formed a part of Mexico until 1836, when 
she revolted from that Republic and instituted a separ- 
ate government, under which she existed until admitted 
into the Union by a joint resolution, approved March J, 



THE STATES. 335 

1845, imposing certain conditions which were accepted, 
and a Constitution formed July 4, of the same year, nnd 
another joint resolution adopted by Congress, consum- 
mating the annexation, was approved December 29, 1845. 
Area 274,356 square miles. Population 604,215, of 
whom 182,566 were slaves. It is an agricultural region, 
principally devoted to grain, cotton and tropical fruits. 
Texas give« the vote to " every free male person " who 
shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, a citi- 
zen of the United States or of the Republic of Texas, 
one year a resident of the State, and six months of the 
county, (Indians not taxed, Africans and the descend- 
ants of Africans excepted). State election, first Mon- 
day in August. The Legislature meets biennially, on 
the first Monday in November. 

Vermont — Was settled in in 1724, by Englishmen 
from Connecticut, chiefly under grants from New Hamp- 
ghire ; was formed from a part of the territory of New 
York by act of its Legislature, March 6, 1760 ; framed 
a State Constitution December 25, 1777, and was admit- 
ted into the Union March 4, 1791, by virtue of an act 
of Congress passed February 18 of the same year. Area 
10,212 square miles. Population 315,098. It is a 
grazing region, producing more wool, live stock, maple 
sugar, butter, cheese and hay, in proportion to its popu- 
lation, than any other State. Any citizen of the United 
States, who has resided in the State one year, and will 
take the oath to vote '' so as in your conscience you 
shall judge will most conduce to the best good " of the 
State, may vote. State election, first Tuesday in Sep- 
temb-er. The Legislature meets annually, on the second 
Thursday in October. 

Virginia — Was settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by 
the English, and was chartered April 10, 1606, May 
23, 1609, and March 12, 1612. It was one of the orig- 
inal thirteen States, ratifying the United States Consti- 
tution June 25, 1788 ; it framed a State Constitution 
July 5,1776, which was amended January 15, 1830. 
Area 61,352 square miles. Population 1,596,318, of 
whom 490,865 were slaves. It is a large corn produc- 
ing, and the chief tobacco growing State. Virginia ad- 
mits to vote " every white male citizeQ of Virginia of 



336 REBELLION. EEGISTER. 

twenty-one years, who has resided two years in the State 
and twelve months in the county, except persons of un- 
sound mind, paupers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers, 
seamen or marines in the United States service, or per- 
sons convicted of bribery, or some infamous offence ; 
persons in the military and naval United States service 
not to be deemed residents by virtue of being stationed 
therein." Stat« election, fourth Thursday in May. The 
Legislature meets biennially, on the second Monday in 
January. 

West Virginia — Was formed as set forth in the 
body of this work. State election,* fourth Thursday in 
October. The Legislature meets annually, on the third 
Thursday in January. 

Wisconsin — Was settled at Green Bay, in 1669, 
by the French ; was a part of the territory ceded by 
Virginia, and was set off" from Michigan December 23, 
1834, and organized into a territory April 30, 1836. 
Iowa was set off" from it June 12, 1838, and acts were 
passed at various times settling its boundaries; March 
3, 1847, an act for its admission into the Union was 
passed, to take eff"ect on the issuing of a proclamation 
by the President, and by act of May 29, 1848, it was ad- 
mitted into the Union. Area 53,924 square miles. 
Population 775,881. It is an agricultural State, chiefly 
engaged in grain-raising and wool-growing. Wiscoiis n 
gives the ballot to every male person of full age, resi- 
dent one year in the State, and being either: 1. A 
white citizen of the United States. 2. A white alien 
who has declared his intention. 3. A person of Indian 
blood who has been declared a citizen by act of Con- 
gress. 4. Civilized pers^^ns of Indian descent not mem- 
bers of any trib«. In November 1865 a vote was taken 
on a proposed amendment to the State Constitution, to 
strike out the word "white" in the qualification of 
voters. The amendment was rejected by a majority of 
8,059. State election, first Tuesday after the first Mon- 
day in November. The Legislature meets annually on 
the second Wednesday in January 



THE TERRITORIES. 

Arizona — Was organized as a territory February 
24, 1863. It contains all of New Mexico west of a line 
from the point where the southwest corner of Colorado 
joins New Mexico, being the 109 Meridian (32d west 
from Washington) due south to the southern line of 
New Mexico (or northern line of Mexico.) The terri- 
tory forms a block nearly square, and contains 126,141 
square miles, or 80,730,240 acres. Its white population 
is about 10,000. The wealth of Arizona is but just be- 
coming known. Its ancient ruins were among the best 
in the world, yet they have had to give way, in interest 
and value, to the newly opened placers and veins. The 
territory is literally veined with the precious metals, but 
the terrible aridity of the soil and the presence of those 
irrepressible tigers of the plains — the Comanches and 
the Apaches — renders the territory less tempting to 
wealth-hunters than the more northerly regions where 
gold and silver are as plenty, water and wood more ac- 
cessible, and the Indians are less troublesome. 

Colorado — Was organized March 2, 1861, from 
parts of Kansas, Nebraska, and Utah, and is situated on 
each side of the Rocky Mountains, between latitude 37** 
and 41°, and longitude 25° and 32° west from Wash- 
ington. Area 106,475 square miles. Population 80,000, 
besides numerous tribes of Indians. It is a superior 
grazing and cattle-producing region, with a healthy cli- 
mate and rich soil ; an extensive coal bed, and also gold, 
iron and other minerals abound. Its population is rap- 
idly increasing. Several fine towns serve as centres of 
supply and trade, and offer fine facilities for schools, 
churches, etc. The direct route from Fort Kearney to 
Salt Lake passes through the northern part of the terri- 
tory, and a fine road from Denver City to the overland 
route makes the region around Pike's Peak easily acces- 
sible. The Colorado mines differ somewhat from those 
of California, where placer and gulch mining permits 
single operatives to do a good business. The Colorado 
metals run in beds, mixed with quartz and pyrites, ne- 

15 (3a7) 



338 REBELLION REGISTER. 

cessitating all the appliances of underground mining, 
crushing mills, etc., to render the ores available. 

Dakota — Was first settled by employees of the 
Hudson Bay Company, but is now being peopled by 
©migrants from the Northern and "Western Stat&s. It 
was set off from the western portion of Minnesota when 
that t«rritory became a State in 1857, and was organ- 
ized March 2, 1861. Area 148,932 square miles, or 
95,336,480 acres. Population in 1864 was 2,576 whites, 
and 2,261 Indians, beside the roving tribes. Being 
easily accessible by the Missouri river, which runs 
through it from the southeast to its northwestern corner, 
and bounded on its entire northeastern line by the Red 
river of the north, this territory offers unusual facilities 
for agricultural and grazing operations. 

Idaho — Was organized by the Thirty-Seventh Con- 
gress, at its second session, in the winter of 1863. Its 
name means Bead of the Mountains, and it embraces the 
whole breadth of the Rocky Mountain region, and has 
within its bounds the head waters of nearly all the great 
rivers that flow down its either slope, but the greater 
portion lies east of the mountains. Its southern boun- 
dary is the 41st, its northern the 46th parallel of lati- 
tude. It extends from the 104th meridian on the east 
to the 110th on the west. Area 326,373 square miles. 
Gold has been discovered on nearly all the tributaries 
and head-waters of the Missouri and Yellow Stone 
rivers. Copper and iron exist in abundance, and salt is 
plentiful in many localities. Coal also is found on the 
Upper Missouri and Yellow Stone, upon the Pacific 
slope of the Rocky Mountains. 

Montana — Was settled by emigrants from the 
northern and western States. Organized in 1864, with 
the following boundary: Commencing at a point formed 
by the intersection of the 27° L. W. from Washington 
with the 45° N. L.; thence due west on said 45th de- 
gree to a point formed by its intersection with the 34th 
degree W. from Washington ; thence due south along 
said 34th degree of longitude to its intersection with the 
44th degree and 30 minutes of N. L. ; thence due west 
along said 44th degree and 30 minutes of N. L. to a point 
formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky 



THE TERRITORIES. 339 

Mountains; tlience following the crest of the Kocky Moun- 
tains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root 
Mountains; thence northward, along the crest of said 
Bitter Koot Mountains, to its intersection with the 39th 
degree of longitude W. from Washington; thence along 
said 39th degree of longitude northward to the boundary 
line of the British possessions; thence eastward, along 
said boundary, to the 27th degree of longitude W. from 
Washington ; thence southward, along said 27th degree 
to the place of beginning. The population is put at 
35,822. It is a good mining and agricultural region. 

Nebraska — Was settled by emigrants from the 
North, and was formed out of a part of the territory 
ceded by France, April 30, 1803. Attempts to organize 
it were made in 1844 and 1848, but it was not accom- 
plished until May 30, 1854, Area 75,955 square miles, 
or 44,796.160 acres. Population 38,841, besides a few 
roving tribes of Indians. It is an agricultural region, 
its prairies affording boundless pasture lands. 

New MoxiCO — Was formed from a part of the ter- 
ritory ceded to the United States by Mexico, by the 
treaty of Guadalupe, Hidalgo, February 2, 1848, and 
was organized into a territory September 9, 1850. Area 
121,201 square miles, or 77,568,640 acres. Population 
83,000, besides large tribes of warlike Indians. The 
principle resources of the country is its minerals, though 
enormous "ranches" scattered over the whole territory 
produced immense droves of horses and cattle, who 
thrive on the rich " gramma" grass. The mines of New 
Mexico are noted for their variety and richness. 

Utah. — Was settled by the Mormons, and was formed 
from a part of the territory ceded to the United States 
by Mexico, by the treaty of Graudalupe Hidalgo, Feb- 
ruary 2, 1848, and was organized into a territory Sep- 
tember 9, 1850. Area 106,392 square miles, or 68,084,- 
480 acres. Population 60,000. Brine, sulphureous and 
chalybeate springs abound; limestone, granite, sand- 
stone and marble are found in large quantities ; iron is 
abundant, and gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc have 
been found. Njot one-fiftieth part of the soil is fit for 
tillage, but on that which is, abundant crops of grain 
and considerable cotton are raised. 



340 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Washington — Was settled by emigrants from the 
North, and was organized into a territory March 2, 
1853, from the northern portion of Oregon, to which 
was added another portion from the eastern part when 
the latter territory was admitted as a State, February 
14, 1859. Area 69,994 square miles, or 48,636,800 
acres. Population 22,168, besides numerous tribes of 
Indians. 



THE OFFICIAL REPORT 

OF 

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT, 

As submitted July 22, 1865. 
(synopsis.) 

From an early period in the rebellion, I had been 
impressed witib the idea that active and continuous 
operations of all the troops that could be brought into 
the field, regardless of season and weather, were neces- 
sary to a speedy termination of the war. 

I was firm in the conviction that no peace could be 
had that would be stable and conducive to the happiness 
of the people, both North and South, until the military 
power of the rebellion was entirely broken. 

I therefore determined, first, to use the greatest number 
of troops practically against the armed force of the en- 
emy, preventing him from using the same force at dif- 
ferent seasons against first one and then another of our 
armies. Second, to hammer continuously against the 
armed force of the enemy and his resources, until, by 
mere attrition, if in no other way, there should be 
nothing left to him but an equal submission with the 
loyal section of our common country to the Constitution 
and laws of the land. 

These views have been kept constantly in mind, and 
orders given and campaigns made to carry them out. 
Whether they might have been better in conception and 
execution is for the people, who mourn the loss of friends 
fallen, and who have to pay the pecuniary cost, to say. 
All I can say is, that what I have done has been done 
conscientiously, to the best of my ability, and in what 
I conceived to be for the best interests of the whole 
country. 

At the date when this report begins, the situation of 
the contending forces was about as follows: The Missis- 
sippi River was strongly garrisoned by Federal troops 
from St. Louis to its mouth. The line of the Arkansas 

(341) 



342 REBELLION REGISTER. 

was also held, thus giving us armed possession of all west 
of the Mississippi, north of that stream. A few points 
in southern Louisiana, not remote from the river, were 
held by us, together with a small garrison at and near 
the mouth of the Rio Grande. All the balance of the 
vast territory of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas was in 
almost undisputed possession of the enemy. East of the 
Mississippi we held substantially with the line of the 
Tennessee and Holston Rivers, running eastward to include 
nearly all of the State of Tennessee ; south of Chatta- 
nooga a small foothold in Georgia, sufficient to protect 
East Tennessee from incursions from the enemy's force 
at Dalton, Ga. ; West Virginia was substantially within 
our lines. Virginia, with the exception of the northern 
border, the Potomac River, a small area about the mouth 
of James River, covered by the troops at Norfolk and 
Fortress Monroe, and the territory covered by the Army 
of the Potomac, lying along the Rapidan, was in the 
possession of the enemy. Along the sea-coast footholds 
had been obtained at Plymouth, Washington, and New- 
bern; Beaufort, Folly, and Morris Islands; Hilton Head, 
Fort Pulaski, and Port Royal ; Fernandina, St. Augus- 
tine, Key West, and Pensacola, while all the important 
ports were blockaded by the navy. 

Behind the Union lines there were many bands of 
guerrillas and a large population disloyal to the Govern- 
ment, making it necessary to guard every foot of road 
or river used in supplying our armies. In the South a 
reign of military despotism prevailed, which made every 
man and boy capable of bearing arms a soldier, and 
those who could not bear arms in the field acted as 
provosts for collecting deserters and returning them. 
This enabled the enemy to bring almost his entire 
strength into the field. 

The enemy had concentrated the bulk of his forces 
east of the Mississippi into two armies, commanded by 
Generals R. E. Lee and J. E. Johnston, his ablest and 
best Generals. The army commanded by Lee occupied 
the south bank of the Rapidan, extending from Mine 
Bun westward, strongly intrenched, covering and defend- 
ing Richmond. The army under Johnston occupied a 
strongly intrenched position at Dalton, Ga., covering and 



grant's official report. 343 

defending Atlanta. In addition to these armies, lie had 
a large cavalry force, under Forrest, in North-east Mis- 
sissippi, a considerable force in the Shenandoah Valley, 
and in the western part of Virginia and extreme eastern 
part of Tennessee, and also confronting our sea-coast 
garrisons, and holding blockaded ports where we had no 
foothold upon land. 

These two armies, and the cities covered and defended 
by them, were the main objective points of the campaign. 

Major-General Sherman, who was appointed to the 
command of the Military Division of the Mississippi, 
had the immediate command of the armies operating 
against Johnston. 

Major-General Meade had the immediate command of 
the Army of the Potomac, from where I exercised gen- 
eral supervision of the movements of our armies. 

I may here state that, commanding all the armies as 
I did, I tried, as far as possible, to leave General Meade 
in independent command of the Army of the Potomac. 
My instructions for that army were all through him, and 
were general in their nature, leaving all the details and 
the execution to him. The campaigns that followed 
proved him to be the right man in the right place. His 
commanding always in the presence of an officer superior 
to him in rank has drawn from him much of that public 
attention that his zeal and ability entitle him to. 

General Sherman was instructed to move against 
Johnston's army, to break it up, and to go into the in- 
terior of the enemy's country as far as he could, inflict- 
ing all the damage he could upon their war resources. 
If the enemy in his front showed signs of joining Lee, 
to follow him up to the full extent of his ability, while 
I would prevent, if possible, the concentration of Lee 
upon him. General Meade was instructed that Lee's 
army would be his objective point; that wherever Lee 
went he would go also. For his movement two plans 
presented themselves — one to cross the Rapidan below 
Lee, moving by his right flank ; the other above, moving 
by his left. Each presented advantages over the other, 
with corresponding objections. It was decided to take 
the lower route. 

In co-operation with the main movements against Lee 



244 REBELLION REGISTER. 

and Johnston, I was desirous of using all other troops 
necessarily kept in departments remote from the fields 
of immediate operations, and also those kept in the back- 
ground for the protection of our extended lines, and in- 
structions were issued accordingly. 

Owing to the weather and bad condition of the roads, 
operations were delayed until the 1st of May, when, every 
thing being in readiness, and the roads favorable, orders 
were given for a general movement of all the armies not 
later than the 4th of May. 

The Army of the Potomac commenced its movement on 
the morning of May 4. Before night the whole army, 
with the greater part of its trains (about 4,000 wagons), 
was across the Rapidan, having met but little opposition. 

Early on the 5th, the advance corps met and engaged 
the enemy outside his intrenchments near Mine Run. 
The battle raged furiously all day, the whole army being 
brought into the fight as fast as the corps could be got 
upon the field. 

General Burnside, with the 9th Corps, was left to hold 
the road back to Bull Run, and instructions to move 
promptly as soon as he received notice that a crossing 
of the Rapidan was secured. This notice he received 
on the afternoon of the 4th. By 6 o'clock A. M. of the 
Cth, he was leading his corps into action near the Wil- 
derness Tavern, some of his troops having marched a 
distance of over thirty miles, crossing both the Rappa- 
hannock and Rapidan Rivers. 

The battle of the Wilderness was renewed by us at 5 
o'clock on the morning of the 6th, and continued with 
unabated fury until darkness set in, each army holding 
substantially the same position that they had on the 
evening of the 5th. After dark the enemy made a feeble 
attempt to turn our right flank, capturing several hun- 
dred prisoners, and creating considerable confusion. But 
the promptness of General Sedgwick, who commanded 
that part of our line, soon reformed it and restored order. 
Morning showed that the enemy had fallen behind his 
intrenched lines. From this it was evident to my mind 
that the two days' fighting had satisfied him of his ina- 
bility to further maintain the contest in open field, not- 
withstanding his advantage of position, and that he would 



grant's official report. 345 

wait an attack behind his works. I therefore determined 
to push on and put my whole force between him and 
Richmond; and orders were at once issued for a move- 
ment by his right flank. On the night of the 7th, the 
march was commenced toward Spottsylvania Court-house. 
But the enemy having become apprised of our movement, 
and having the shorter line, was enabled to reach there 
first. On the 8th, General Warren met a force of the 
enemy which had been sent out to oppose and delay 
his advance, to gain time to fortify the line taken up at 
Spottsylvania. This force was steadily driven back on 
the main force, within the recently-constructed works, 
after considerable fighting, resulting in severe loss to 
both sides. The 9th, 10th, and 11th were spent in ma- 
ueuvering and fighting, without decisive results. The 
able and distinguished Major-General Sedgwick was killed 
on the 9th. Major-General Wright succeeded him in 
command. 

Early on the 12th, a general attack was made on the 
enemy. General Hancock carried a salient of his line, 
capturing most of Johnston's division of Ewell's corps 
and twenty pieces of artillery. But the resistance was 
so obstinate that the advantage gained did not prove de- 
cisive. The 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th were 
consumed in maneuvering and awaiting the arrival of 
reinforcements from Washington. Orders were issued 
for a movement to the North Anna, to commence at 12 
o'clock on the night of the 19th. Late in the afternoon 
of the 19th, Swell's corps came out of its works on our 
extreme right flank; but the attack was promptly re- 
pulsed, with heavy loss. This delayed the movement 
until the night of the 21st, when it was commenced. 
But the enemy again having the shorter line, and being 
in possession of the main roads, was enabled to reach 
the North Anna in advance of us, and took position be- 
hind it. The 2d, 5th, 6th, and 9th Corps reached the 
North Anna on the afternoon of the 23d, General War- 
ren efi'ecting a crossing with little opposition. He was 
violently attacked, but repulsed the enemy with great 
slaughter. General Sheridan, having started on a raid 
on the 9th, rejoined the main body again on the 25th, 
having destroyed the depots at Beaver Dam and Ashland 
15>i^ 



346 REBELLION REGISTER. 

Stations, four trains of cars, large supplies of rations, and 
many miles of railroad track ; recaptured about four hun- 
dred of our men, on their way to Richmond as prisoners 
of war; met and defeated the enemy's cavalry at Yellow 
Tavern; carried the first line of works around Richmond; 
but, finding the second line too strong to be carried by 
assault, recrossed to the north bank of the Chickahominy 
at Meadow Bridge, under heavy fire, and moved by a 
ditour to Haxall's Landing, on the James River, where 
he communicated with General Butler. 

General Butler moved up James River May 4. He 
sent a force of 1,800 cavalry, by way of West Point, to 
form a junction with him wherever he might get a foot- 
hold, and a force of 3,000 cavalry, under General Kautz, 
from Suftolk, to operate against the roads south of Pe- 
tersburg and Richmond. On the 5th he occupied, with- 
out opposition, both City Point and Bermuda Hundred, 
his movement being a complete surprise. On the 6th 
he was in position, and commenced intrenching; on the 
7th he made a reconnoissance against the Petersburg and 
Richmond railroad, destroying a portion of it. On the 
evening of the 13th and morning of the 14th he carried 
a portion of the first line of defenses at Fort Darling, 
with small loss. The time thus consumed lost to us the 
surprise and capture of Richmond and Petersburg, en- 
abling Beauregard to collect his loose forces in North 
and South Carolina. On the 16th the enemy attacked 
General Butler. He was forced back into his intrench- 
ments between the forks of the James and Appomattox 
Rivers, the enemy intrenching strongly in his front. 
His army, therefore, though in a position of great se- 
curity, was as completely shut off from further opera- 
tions directly against Richmond as if it had been in a 
bottle, strongly corked. 

The position at Bermuda Hundred was as easy to de- 
fend as it was difl&cult to operate from against the enemy. 
I determined, therefore, to bring from it all available 
forces, leaving enough only to secure what had been 
gained, and, accordingly, on the 22d, I directed that they 
be sent forward to join the Army of the Potomac. 

General Burnside's corps was, on the 24th, constituted 
a part General Meade's command 



grant's official report, 347 

Finding the enemy's position on the North Anna 
stronger than either of his previous ones, I withdrew on 
the night of the 26th to the north bank of the North 
Anna, and moved to turn the enemy's position by his 
right. The cavalry, under Sheridan, and the 6th Corps 
leading the advance, crossed the Pamunky River at Han- 
overtown after considerable fighting, and on the 28th5 
the two divisions of cavalry had a severe but successful 
engagement with the enemy at Hawe's Shop. We ad- 
vanced to Hanover Court-house and Cold Harbor Road, 
and developed the enemy's position north of the Chick- 
ahominy. Late on the 30th, the enemy came out and 
attacked our left, but was repulsed. An attack was im- 
mediately ordered by General Meade along his whole 
line, which resulted in driving the enemy from a part 
of his intrenched skirmish line. 

An attack was made at 5 P. M., June 1, by the 6th 
Corps and by General Smith, the other corps being held 
in readiness to advance on receipt of orders. This re- 
sulted in our carrying and holding the enemy's first line 
of works in front of the right of the attacking troops. 
During the attack, the enemy made repeated assaults on 
each of the corps not engaged in the main attack, but 
were repulsed with heavy loss in every instance. That 
night he made several assaults to regain what he had 
lost in the day, but failed. The 2d was spent in getting 
troops into position for an attack on the 3d, when we 
again assaulted the enemy's works, in the hope of driv- 
ing him from his position. In this attempt our loss was 
heavy, while that of the enemy, I have reason to be- 
lieve, was comparatively light. 

From the proximity of the enemy to his defenses 
around Richmond, it was impossible, by any flank move- 
ment, to interpose between him and the city. I was still 
in a condition to either move by his left flank, and in- 
vest Richmond from the north side, or continue my move 
by his right flank to the south side of the James. I 
determined to hold substantially the ground we then oc- 
cupied, taking advantage of any favorable circumstances 
that might present themselves, until the cavalry could 
be sent to Charlottsville and Gordonsville, to efi"ectually 
break up the railroad connection between Richmond and 



348 REBELLION REGISTER. 

the Shenandoah Valley and Lynchburg; and, when the 
cavalry got well off, to move the army to the south side 
of the James River, by the enemy's right flank, where 
I felt I could cut off all his sources of supply except by 
the canal. 

During the three long years the armies of the Potomac 
and Northern Virginia had been confronting each other, 
they had fought more desperate battles than it probably 
ever fell to the lot of two armies to fight, without materially 
changing the vantage-ground of either. The Southern 
press and people, with more shrewdness than was dis- 
played in the North, finding that they had failed to cap- 
ture Washington and New York, assumed that they only 
defended their Capital and Southern territory. Hence, 
Autietam, Gettysburg, and all the other battles that had 
been fought, were by them set down as failures on our 
part, and victories for them. Their army believed this. 
It produced a morale which could only be overcome by 
continuous and desperate hard fighting. The battles of 
the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, and Cold 
Harbor, bloody and terrible as they wer^ on our side, 
were even more damaging to the enemy, and so crippled 
him as to make him wary ever after of taking the offen- 
sive. Not regarding the operations of General Sigel in 
the Kanawha and Shenandoah Valleys as satisfactory, I 
asked for his removal. He was succeeded by General 
Hunter, who immediately took up the offensive, and met 
the enemy at Piedmont, June 5, and routed him, cap- 
turing 1,500 men, 3 guns, and 300 small arras. On the 
8th he formed a junction with Crook and Averill, at 
Staunton, from which place he moved direct on Lynch- 
burg, via Lexington, which he invested June 16. To 
meet this movement, General Lee sent a force, which 
reached Lynchburg a short time before Hunter, who, 
being out of ammunition, retired from before the place 
on the 18th. Unfortunately, this want of ammunition 
forced his return by way of Kanawha, which lost to us 
the use of his troops for several weeks from the defense 
of the North. 

The Second Corps (Potomac army) commenced cross- 
ing the James River on the morning of the 14th, by 
ferry-boats, at Wilcox's Landing. The crossing having 



grant's official report. 349 

commenced, General Butler was ordered to send Gen- 
eral Smith immediately, that night, with all the troops 
he could give him without sacrificing the position he 
then held, for the capture of Petersburg. General 
Smith got oiF as directed, and confronted the enemys 
pickets near Petersburg before daylight next morning, 
but, for some unexplained reason, did not assault his 
main lines until near sundown. Then, with a part of 
his command only, he made the assault, and carried the 
lines north-east of Petersburg, from the Appomattox 
River for a distance of over two and a half miles, cap- 
turing fifteen pieces of artillery and three hundred pris- 
oners. This was about 7 P. M. Between the line thus 
captured and Petersburg there were no other works, and 
there was no evidence that the enemy had reinforced 
Petersburg with a single brigade from any source. The 
night was clear — the moon shining brightly — and favor- 
able to further operations. General Hancock, with large 
reinforcements, waived rank, that Smith, who was sup- 
posed to know the ground, might act ; yet no attack was 
made. By the time I arrived the next morning, the en- 
emy was in force. An attack was made at 6 o'clock that 
evening, and continued, with but little intermission, until 
6 o'clock the next morning, and resulted in our carrying 
the advance and some of the main works of the enemy, 
to the right (our left) of those previously captured by 
General Smith. Attacks were renewed on the 17th and 
18th, which forced the enemy to an interior line, from 
which he could not be dislodged. The army then pro- 
ceeded to envelop Petersburg toward the Southside Rail- 
road. 

On the 6th the enemy, to reinforce Petersburg, with- 
drew from a part of his intrenchment in front ,of Ber- 
muda Hundred. General Butler at once moved a force 
on the railroad between Petersburg and Richmond. To 
retain the advantage thus gained, I ordered two divisions 
to report to General Butler, of which he was notified, 
and the importance of holding a position in advance of 
his present line urged upon him. About 2 o'clock P. M. 
Butler was forced back to the line from which the enemy 
had withdrawn in the morning. This position he held 
until the 17th, when he was joined by the two divisions 



350 REBELLION RECUSTER. 

before named. Instead of putting these into the enemy's 
works, to hold them, he permitted them to halt and rest 
some distance in the rear of his old line. General Butler, 
with one brigade, on the night of the 20th, effected a lodg- 
ment on the north bank of the James, at Deep Bottom, 
and connected the pontoon bridge with Bermuda Hundred. 

On the l&th. General Sheridan, on his return from his 
expedition against the Virginia Central Railroad, met the 
enemy's cavalry at the White House, and compelled it to 
retire. During this expedition, General Sheridan, on 
June 11, near Trevillian Station, met the enemy's cavalry, 
whom he drove from the field in complete rout, capturing 
400 prisoners, several hundred horses, etc. The dead 
and wounded were left in our hands. He destroyed the 
railroad from this place to Louisa Court-house, and ad- 
vanced toward Gordonsville. He found the enemy be- 
hind rifle-pits, about five miles from the latter place, and 
too strong to successfully assault. On the extreme right, 
however, his reserve brigade carried the enemy's works 
twice, and was twice driven therefrom by infantry. Night 
closed the contest. Not having sufficient ammunition to 
continue the engagement, and his animals being without 
forage, he withdrew his command, and rejoined the Army 
of the Potomac. 

General Wilson, on the 22d, moved against the ene- 
my's railroads south of Richmond. Striking the Wel- 
don Railroad at Ream's Station, destroying the depot and 
several miles of the road and the Southside Road, about 
fifteen miles from Petersburg, to. near Nottaway's Sta- 
tion, where he defeated the enemy's cavalry, he reached 
Burksville Station on the 23d, and from there destroyed 
the Danville Railroad to Roanoke Bridge (twenty-five 
miles), where he found the enemy in a position from 
which he could not dislodge him. He then commenced 
his return march, and on the 28th met the enemy's cav- 
alry at the Weldon Railroad crossing of Stony Creek, 
where he had a severe but not decisive engagement. 
Thence he made a ditour from his left. At Ream's Sta- 
tion he was met by the enemy's cavalry, supported by in- 
fantry, and forced to retire, with the loss of his artillery 
and trains. This expedition severed all connection by 
railroad with Richmond for several weeks. 



grant's official report. 351 

On the night of July 26, with a view of cutting the 
enemy's railroad from near Richmond to the Anna River, 
and making him wary of the situation of his army in the 
Shenandoah, and, in the event of failure in this, to take 
advantage of his necessary withdrawal of troops from 
Petersburg, to explode a mine that had been prepared 
in front of the 9th Corps, and assault the enemy's lines 
at that place, the 2d Corps and two divisions of the 
cavalry corps and Kautz's cavalry were crossed to the 
north bank of the James River, and joined the force 
General Butler had there. On the 27th the enemy was 
driven from his intrenched position, with the loss of 
four pieces of artillery. On the 28th our lines were 
extended from Deep Bottom to New Market road, but 
were attacked by the enemy, resulting in considerable 
loss to both sides. The jSrst object of this move hav- 
ing failed, by reason of the very large force thrown 
there by the enemy, I determined to take advantage of 
the diversion made, by assaulting Petersburg before he 
could get his force back there. 

On the 30th, between 4 and 5 A. M., the mine was 
sprung, blowing up a battery and most of a regiment. 
The advance of the assaulting column immediately took 
possession of the crater, but, for some cause, failed to 
advance promptly to the ridge beyond. Had they done 
this, I had every reason to believe that Petersburg would 
have fallen. Other troops were immediately pushed for- 
ward, but the time consumed in getting them up en- 
abled the enemy to rally from his surprise (which had 
been complete) and get forces to this point for its de- 
fense. The captured line thus held being untenable, 
and of no advantage to us, the troops were withdrawn, 
but not without heavy loss. Thus terminated in disas- 
ter what promised to be the most successful assault of 
the campaign. 

Immediately upon the enemy's ascertaining that Gen- 
eral Hunter was retreating from Lynchburg by way of 
the Kanawha River, thus laying the Shenandoah Valley 
open for raids into ' Maryland and Pennsylvania, he re- 
turned northward and moved down that valley. Owing 
to low water and breaks in the railroad. General Hunter 
could not roach Harper's Ferry in time to check thia 



352 REBELLION REGISTER. 

movement. The garrisons of Baltimore and Washing- 
ton were at this time made up of heavy artillery regi- 
ments, hundred days' men, and detachments from the 
Invalid Corps. General Ricketts, with one division of 
the 6th Corps, was sent to Baltimore, and the other 
two divisions, under General Wright, were subsequently 
sent to Washington. On the 3d of July the enemy 
approached Martinsburg. General Sigel, in command 
there, retreated across the Potomac at Shepardstown, 
and General Weber, commanding at Harper's Ferry, 
crossed the river and occupied Maryland Heights. On 
the 6th the enemy occupied Hagerstown, moving a 
strong column toward Frederick City. General Wallace, 
with Ricketts's division and his own command, mostly 
new and undisciplined troops, pushed from Baltimore 
with great promptness, and met the enemy in force on 
the Monocacy, where, although defeated, he detained 
the enemy, and thereby enabled General Wright to 
reach Washington, upon which place the enemy moved, 
his cavalry advance reaching Kockville on the evening 
of the 10th. On the 12th a reconnoisance was thrown 
out in front of Fort Stevens, to ascertain the enemy's 
position and force. A severe skirmish ensued, in which 
we lost about 280 killed and wounded. The enemy's 
loss was probably greater. He commenced retreating 
during the night. 

General Wright was assigned to the command of all 
troops in the field operating against this invasion, and 
commenced the pursuit on the 13th. On the 18th the 
enemy was overtaken at Snicker's Ferry, when a sharp 
skirmish occurred; and on the 20th General Averill en- 
countered and defeated a portion of the rebel army 
at Winchester, capturing four pieces of artillery and 
several hundred prisoners. 

About the 25th the enemy was again advancing upon 
Maryland and Pennsylvania; he moved down the valley 
and sent a raiding party into Pennsylvania, which, on 
the 30th, burned Chambersburg, and then retreated, 
pursued by our cavalry, toward Cumberland. They 
were met and defeated by General Kelly, and with 
diminished numbers, escaped into the mountains of 
West Virginia. 



grant's official report. 353 

From where I was I hesitated to give positive orders 
for the movement of our forces at Mouocacy, lest by 
so doing I should expose Washington. I therefore vis- 
ited General Hunter on the 5th, and, after consultation 
with him, gave him his instructions, among which were 
*' Bear in mind, the object is to drive the enemy south, 
and to do this you want to keep him always in sight. 
Be guided in your course by the course he takes." 

From the time of the first raid the telegraph wires 
were frequently down between Washington and City 
Point, making it necessary to transmit messages a part 
of the way by boat. It took from twenty-four to thir- 
ty-six hours to get dispatches through and return an- 
swers back, often causing confusion and an apparent 
contradiction of orders that was very embarrassing to 
those executing them, and detrimental to effective op- 
erations. To remedy this evil, some one should have 
supreme command of the forces operating against Early. 
General Hunter having, in our conversation, expressed a 
willingness to be relieved from command, the Middle Mil- 
itary Division was constituted August 7, and General 
Sheridan was assigned to command of the same. His op- 
erations during the month of August and the forepart of 
September were both of an offensive and defensive char- 
acter, resulting in many severe skirmishes, principally by 
the cavalry, in which we were generally successful, but 
no general engagement took place. The two armies 
lay in such position that either could bring on a battle 
at any time. Defeat to us would lay open to the enemy 
the States of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Under these 
circumstances I hesitated about allowing the initiative 
to be taken. Finally, the use of the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 
which were both obstructed by the enemy, became so 
indispensably necessary to us, and the importance of re- 
lieviilg Pennsylvania and Maryland from continuously 
threatened invasion so great, that I visited General Sher- 
idan at his head-quarters to decide, after conference 
with him, what should be done. I met him at Charles- 
ton, and he pointed out so distinctly how each army lay, 
what he could do the moment he was authorized, and 
expressed such confidence of success, that I saw ther« 



354 REBELLION REGISTER. 

were but two words of instructions necessary — Go inl 
I asked him if he could get out his teams and supplies 
in time to make an attack on the ensuing Tuesday morn- 
ing. His reply was that he could, before daylight on 
Monday. He was off promptly to time, and I may here 
add that the result was such that I have never since 
deemed it necessary to visit Greneral Sheridan before 
giving him orders. 

On the morning of September 19 he attacked Early at 
the crossing on Opequan Creek, and, after a most sangui- 
nary and bloody battle, lasting until five o'clock in the 
evening, defeated him with heavy loss, carrying his entire 
position from Opequan Creek to Winchester, capturing 
several thousand prisoners and five pieces of artillery. 
The enemy rallied and made a stand in a strong position 
at Fisher's Hill, where he was attacked and again defeated 
on the 20th. Sheridan pu»sued him with great energy 
through Harrisonburg, Staunton, and the gaps of the 
Blue Kidge. After stripping the upper valley of most 
of the supplies and provisions for the rebel array, he 
returned to Strasburg and took position on the north 
side of Cedar Creek. 

Having received considerable reinforcements. General 
Early again returned to the valley, and on October 9 
his cavalry encountered ours near Strasburg, where he 
was defeated, losing 11 guns and 350 prisoners. On 
the night of the 18th the enemy crossed the mountains 
which separated the branches of the Shenandoah, forded 
the north fork, and, early on the morning of the 19th, 
surprised and turned our left flank, capturing the bat- 
teries which enfiladed our whole line. Our troops fell 
back with heavy loss and in much confusion, but were 
finally rallied between Middletown and Newton. At this 
juncture General Sheridan, who was at Winchester when 
the battle commenced, arrived on the field, arranged his 
lines just in time to repulse a heavy attack of the en- 
emy, and immediately assuming the offensive, he at- 
tacked in turn with great vigor. The enemy was de- 
feated with great slaughter, and the loss of most of his 
artillery and trains, and the trophies he had captured 
in the morning. The wreck of his army escaped during 
the night, and fled in the direction of Staunton and 



grant's official report. 355 

Lynchburg. Pursuit was made to Mount Jackson. 
Thus ended this the enemy's last attempt to invade 
the North, via the Shenandoah Valley. 

Supposing the enemy had sent a force from Peters- 
burg to reinforce Early, I, on the night of August 13, 
threatened Richmond from the north side of the James, 
to prevent him from sending troops away, and, if pos- 
sible, to draw back those sent. We captured six guns 
and several hundred prisoners, detained troops that were 
under marching orders, and ascertained that but one 
division of the three reputed detached had gone. On 
the 18th we took possession of the Weldon Railroad, to 
regain which the enemy made repeated and desperate 
assaults, but was each time repulsed with great loss. 

On the 25th, our cavalry, while at Ream's Station 
destroying the railroad, were forced back, losing 5 guns. 

The extension of our lines across the Weldon Rail- 
road compelled the enemy to so extend his that it seemed 
he could have but few troops north of the James for the 
defense of Richmond. On the night of September 28, 
the 10th and 18th Corps were crossed to the north side 
of the James, and advanced on the morning of the 29th, 
carrying the very strong fortifications and intrenchments 
below Chapin's Farm, known as Fort Harrison, captur- 
ing fifteen pieces of artillery and the New Market road 
and intrenchments. This success was followed up by a 
gallant assault upon Fort Gillmore, in which we were 
repulsed with heavy loss, Kautz's cavalry was pushed 
forward on the road to the right of this, supported by 
infantry, and reached the enemy's inner line, but was 
unable to get further. The position captured from the 
enemy was so threatening to Richmond that I deter- 
mined to hold it. The enemy made several desperate 
attempts to dislodge us, all of which were unsuccessful, 
and for which he paid dearly. 

General Meade, on the 30th, with a view to attacking 
the enemy's line, if it was found sufficiently weakened 
by withdrawal of troops to the north side, sent out a 
reconnoisance- which captured and held the enemy's 
works near Poplar Spring Church. 

On October 7 the enemy attacked Kautz's cavalry 
north of the James, and drove it back, with heavy loss 



356 REBELLION .REGISTER. 

in killed, wounded, and prisoners, and the loss of all the 
artillery, eight or nine pieces. This he followed up by 
an attack on our intrenched infantry line, but was re- 
pulsed with severe slaughter. On the 13th a recon- 
noissance was sent out by General Butler, with a view 
to drive the enemy from some new works he was con- 
structing, which resulted in very heavy loss to us. 

On the 27th, the Army of the Potomac, leaving only 
sufficient men to hold its fortified line, moved by the 
enemy's right flank, and forced a passage of Hatcher's 
Run, and moved up the south side of it toward South- 
side Railroad, until the advance reached the Boydtown 
Plank Road. At this point we were six miles distant 
from the Southside Railroad, which I had, by this move- 
ment, to reach and hold. But finding that we had not 
reached the end of the ememy's fortifications, and no 
place presenting itself for a successful assault by which 
he might be doubled up and shortened, I determined to 
withdraw within our fortified line, which was done after 
repulsing an attack of the enemy. General Butler's co- 
operative movement was partially successful, but his 
forces withdrew to their former position. 

From this time forward the operations in front of 
Petersburg and Richmond, until the spring campaign of 
1805, were confined to the defense and extension of our 
lines, and to offensive movements for crippling the en- 
emy's line of communications, and to prevent his de- 
taching any considerable force to send south. By the 
7th of February our lines were extended to Hatcher's 
Run, and the Weldon Railroad had been destroyed to 
Hicksford. 

General Sherman moved from Chattanooga on May 6, 
with the Armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and 
Ohio, commanded, respectively, by Generals Thomas, 
McPherson, and Schofield, upon Johnston's army at 
Dalton. The enemy's position at Buzzard's Roost being 
too strong for assault, McPherson was sent through Snake 
Gap to turn it, while Thomas and Schofield threatened 
it in front and north. Johnston retreated to Resaca on 
the 15th, and he again fled southward. His rear-guard 
was overtaken near Adamsville on the 17th, and at 
Cassville on the 19th, when at night he crossed the 



grant's official report. 357 

Etowali. He was driven to New Hope Church, near 
Dallas, on the 25th. On the 28th he assaulted Mc- 
Pherson at Dallas, but was bloodily repulsed. He 
abandoned New Hope Church June 4, retreating to 
Kenesaw, Pine, and Lost Mountains. He yielded the 
two last-named places on the 27th, and Kenesaw July 
3, going to Atlanta, where he was succeeded by Hood, 
who assumed the oflfensive-defensive policy, and made 
several attacks during the latter part of July, in all of 
which he was repulsed with heavy loss. General Sher- 
man moved his main force by the enemy's left flank, 
thus drawing him from the fortifications; and after de- 
feating him near Kough and Ready, Jonesboro, and 
Lovejoys, forced him south, and, on September 2, occu- 
pied Atlanta, thus closing a movement that was prompt, 
skillful, and brilliant. The history of his flank move- 
ments and battles during that memorable campaign will 
ever be read with an interest unsurpassed by any thing 
in history. 

During these movements, Forrest annoyed us consid- 
erably, and his successes seemed to embolden others. 
Early in April he captured Fort Pillow ; and, after our 
men threw down their arms, proceeded in an inhuman 
and merciless massacre of the garrison. 

The Red River expedition left Vicksburg March 10, 
under command of General A. J. Smith. The rebel 
forces, thinking to defeat him in the open field, left 
Fort DeRussy on the 14th. Smith stole a march on 
them, and captured the fort with its garrison of 350 
men, 11 guns, and small arms. Our loss was slight. 
He defeated the enemy, capturing 210 prisoners and 4 
guns, at Henderson Hill on the 21st, General Banks 
pushed forward from Grand Ecore April 6, and defeated 
the enemy near Pleasant Hill on the 7th, and again the 
same evening, eight miles beyond. On the 8th, at 
Sabine Cross-roads and Peach Hill, the enemy attacked 
and defeated his advance, capturing 10 pieces of artillery 
and an immense amount of transportation and stores. 
During the night General Banks fell back to Pleasant 
Hill, where another battle was fought on the 9th, and 
the enemy repulsed with great loss. During the night 
General Banks continued his retrograde movement te 



35S REBELLION REGISTER. 

G-rand Ecore, and thence to Alexandria, which he reached 
on the 27th, leaving that place May 14. The disastrous 
termination of this expedition, and the lateness of the 
season, rendered impracticable the capture of Mobile 
General Canby, who had been assigned to the command 
was therefore directed to send the 19th Corps to join the 
armies operating against Richmond, and to limit the re 
mainder of his command to such operations as might be 
necessary to hold the positions and lines he then occu- 
pied. 

Late in July General Granger was sent, with such 
forces as he could collect, to co-operate with Admiral 
Farragut against the defenses of Mobile Bay. On the 
8th of August Fort Gaines surrendered to the combined 
naval and land forces. Fort Powell was blown up and 
abandoned. 

On the 9th Fort Morgan was invested, and, after a 
severe bombardment, surrendered on the 23d. The total 
captures amounted to 1,464 prisoners and 104 guns. 

About the last day of August, Price was reported on 
his way to Missouri, with a force of 10,000 men. He 
captured Pilot Knob September 26. He was forced to 
battle on the Big Blue, and defeated, with the loss of 
nearly all his artillery and train, and a large number 
of prisoners. He made a precipitate retreat to North- 
ern Arkansas. 

The enemy's cavalry made an extensive raid during 
the latter part of September and forepart of October, 
through Tennessee, and escaped to Corinth, Mississippi. 

General Burbridge met the enemy, October 2, about 
three miles from Saltville, Virginia, and drove him into 
his strongly-intrenched position around the salt-works, 
from which he was unable to dislodge him. During the 
night he withdrew his command and returned to Ken- 
tucky. 

General Sherman, immediately after the fall of At- 
lanta, put his armies in camp in and about the place, 
and made all preparations for refitting and supplying 
them for future service; and, after a full interchange of 
opinions and reasons, he commenced his preparations 
for his proposed movement to the sea, keeping his army 
in position, in the mean time, to watch Hood. Having 



grant's official report. 359 

concentrated his troops at Atlanta by the 14th of No- 
vember, he commenced his march, threatening both 
Augusta and Macon. His coming-out point could not 
be definitely fixed. Having to gather his subsistence 
as he marched through the country, it was not impos- 
sible that a force inferior to his own might compel him 
to head for such point as he could reach, instead of such 
as he might prefer. The blindness of the enemy, how- 
ever, in ignoring his movement, and sending Hood's 
army (the only considerable force he had west of Rich- 
mond and east of the Mississippi River) northward, on 
an off'ensive campaign, left the whole country open, and 
Sherman's route to his own choice. 

How that campaign was conducted, how little opposi- 
tion was met with, the condition of the country through 
which the armies passed, the capture of Fort McAllis- 
ter, on the Savannah River, and the occupation of Sa- 
vannah on the 21st of December, are all clearly set 
forth in General Sherman's admirable report. 

Hood, instead of following Sherman, continued his 
move northward, which seemed to me to be leading to 
his certain doom. At all events, had I had the power 
to command both armies, I should not have changed 
the orders under which he seemed to be acting. His 
advance reached Decatur, Alabama, October 24, but, 
failing to carry the place, he withdrew and effected a 
lodgment on the north side of the Tennessee River, 
near Florence. General Hood pressed General Thomas 
back toward Nashville, and coming up with our main 
force, commanded by General Schofield, at Frankfort, 
on the 30th, assaulted our works during the afternoon 
repeatedly, until late at night, but was in every instance 
repulsed. His loss in this battle was 1,750 killed, 700 
prisoners, and 3,800 wounded; our entire loss was 
2,300. This was the first serious opposition the enemy 
met with, and I am satisfied was the fatal blow to all 
his expectations. During the night General Schofield 
fell back toward Nashville. This left the field to the 
enemy — not lost by the battle, but voluntarily aban- 
doned — so that General Thomas's whole force might be 
brought together. The enemy followed up, and com- 
menced the establishment of his line in front of Nash- 



360 REBELLION .REGISTER. 

ville December 2, General Smith having arrived there 
two days earlier. On the morning of December 15, 
General Thomas attacked Hood in position, and, in a 
battle lasting two days, defeated and drove him from 
the field in the utmost confusion. 

Before the battle of Nashville I grew very impatient 
over, as it appeared to me, the unnecessary delay, and 
I was quite disposed to censure, but his final defeat of 
Hood was 80 complete that it will be accepted as a vin- 
dication of that distinguished officer's judgment. 

After this defeat, Hood, though closely followed by 
our troops, made his escape southward. 

During the above movements Breckenridge made a 
raid in the eastern part of the State, but Stoneman soon 
drove him back, dispersed his forces, and captured and 
destroyed Saltville, Virginia. 

The nature of the outlet of Cape Fear River was such 
that, without possession of the land north of New Inlet, 
or Fort Fisher, it was impossible for the navy to en- 
tirely close Wilmington harbor against blockade-run- 
ners. To secure this a land force of 6,500 troops were 
detached, to co-operate with the navy. The expedition 
got oflf December 13, and arrived near Fort Fisher on 
the evening of the 15th. Admiral Porter arrived three 
days later; but a rough sea, lack of coal and water, 
with stormy weather, delayed action until the 24th. A 
landing was effected without opposition on the 25th, 
and a reconnoissance, under General Curtis, pushed up 
toward the fort. But before receiving a full report of 
the result of this reconnoissance. General Butler, in 
direct violation of the instructions given, ordered the 
re-embarkation of the troops and the return of the ex- 
pedition. 

The instructions which I had given December 6 
(which military courtesy required should go through 
General Butler, he commanding that department,) to 
General Weitzel, that General has since officially in- 
formed me he never received, nor was he aware of their 
existence until he read General Butler's published offi- 
cial report of the Fort Fisher failure. General Curtis 
and others, officers and men, afterward voluntarily re- 
ported to me that, when recalled, they were nearly into 



grant's OFFIO A.L REPORT. 361 

the fort, and, in th«ir opinion, it could have been taken 
without much loss. 

The next expedition was under General Terry, with 
whom I communicated direct, the instructions being 
materially those given for the first expedition. The 
troops, also, were the same, with a small brigade (about 
1,500 men) and a small siege train. The latter it was 
never found necessary to land. 

The expedition reached its destination January 12, 
1865, and by 3 o clock P. M. next day the troops were 
landed, under cover of the fleet, without loss. The fort 
was assaulted, and, after desperate fighting, was cap- 
tured on the 15th. We thus secured one of the most im- 
portant successes of the war. At my request General Ord 
succeeded General Butler in command of the department. 

The State of North Carolina was constituted into a 
military department, and General Schofield, who had 
been ordered from the West, as not necessary in Gene- 
ral Thomas's army, assigned to the command, and, Jan- 
uary 31, placed under the orders of General Sherman. 

In obedience to hi« instructions. General Schofield 
proceeded, in co-operation with the navy under Admiral 
rorter, to reduce Wilmington, which, after fighting on 
the 20th and 21st, our troops entered on the morning 
of the 22d, the enemy having retreated toward Golds- 
boro during the night. 

Having information of the defeat and utter route of 
Hood's army, I asked General Sherman on the 18th for 
his views of operations, and, on the 19th, directed him 
to make preparations to start, as he proposed, without 
delay, to break up the railroads in North and South 
Carolina, and join the armies operating against Richmond 
as soon as he could. January 21, I informed him that 
the 23d Corps, General Schofield commanding, numbering 
21,000 men, would go to Wilmington or Newbern; that 
we had at Fort Fisher 8,000 men; at Newbern, 4,000; 
and that the surplus force at both these points would 
move to the interior toward Goldsboro, in co-operation 
with hU movement; that from cither point railroad com- 
munication could be run out, and that all these troops 
would be subject to his orders as he came into commu- 
aication with them. 
16 



362 REBELLION REGIgTEB. 

By the 1st of February General Sherman's whole 
army was in motion from Savannah. He captured Co- 
lumbia, S. C, on the 17th; then moved on Goldsboro, 
N. C, via Fayetteville, reaching the latter place March 
12, opening up communication with General Schofield. 
On the 18th the combined forces of the enemy, under 
Joe Johnston, attacked his advance at Bentonville, cap- 
turing three guns and driving it back upon the main 
body. General Slocum, who was in the advance, ascer- 
taining that the whole of Johnston's army was in the 
front, arranged his troops on the defensive, intrenched 
himself, and awaited reinforcements, which were pushed 
forward. On the night of the 21st the enemy retreated 
\o Smithfield, leaving hi» dead and wounded in our 
hiands. From there Sherman continued to Goldsboro, 
which place had been occupied by Schofield on the 21 st, 
and forced the fall of Charleston, S. C. 

General Sheridan moved from Winchester February 
27, with 10,000 cavalry, and made Staunton March 2, 
the enemy retreating to Waynesboro, where he went. 
Finding the enemy intrenched and in force, an immediate 
attack was made, the position carried, and 1,600 prisoners, 
11 guns, 200 wagons, and 17 battle-ftags were captured. 
He reached Charlottesville on the 3d, destroying effect- 
ually the railroad and bridges as he went. He remained 
two days, destroying the railroad toward Richmond and 
3u.ynchbttrg. On the 6th, dividing bis force into two 
eolumns, he sent one to Scottsville, whensce it miarched 
to New Market. From here a force was pushed out to 
Duiguidsville, to obtain possession of the bridge across 
the James Kiver at that place, but failed. The enemy 
burned it and the one at Hard wick sville on our approach. 
The other column naoved down the railrx)a.d toward Lynch- 
burg, destroying it as far as Amherst C. H., 16 miles 
from Lynchburg ; thence across the country, uniting with 
the column at New Market. From here he followed the 
canal toward Richmond, destroying every lock upon it, 
and cutting the banks wherever practicable, to a point 
eight miles east of Goochland, concentrating the whole 
force on the 10th at Columbia, from which he moved in 
a direction to threaten Richmond, to near Ashland Sta- 
tion j he crossed the Annas, and after having destroyed 



grant's official report. 363 

all the bridges and many miles of the railroad, proceeded 
to White House, which place he reached on the 19th. 

The situation in March, 1865, showed that General 
Canby was moving an adequate force against Mobile; 
Thomas was pushing out two large cavalry expeditions — 
one, under General Wilson, against the enemy's vital 
points in Alabama; the other, under General Stoneman, 
toward Lynchburg, and assembling the remainder of his 
available forces preparatory to offensive operations from 
East Tennessee. Sheridan's cavalry was at the White 
House; the Armies of the Potomac and James were 
confronting the enemy under Lee; Sherman, with his 
armies reinforced by that of Schofield, was at Goldsboro ; 
Pope was making preparations for a spring campaign 
against the enemy, under Kirby Smith and Price, west 
of the Mississippi; and Hancock was concentrating a 
force in the vicinity of Winchester, Va., to guard against 
invasion or to operate offensively, as might prove neces- 
sary. Sheridan joined the Army of the Potomac in front 
of Petersburg on the 27th. On the morning of the 25th 
the enemy assaulted our lines, and carried Fort Steadman 
and a part of the line to the right and left of it, estab- 
lished themselves, and turned the guns of the fort against 
us; but our troops on either flank held their ground 
until reserves were brought up, when the enemy was 
driven back, with a heavy loss in killed and wounded, 
and 1,900 prisoners. Our loss was 68 killed, 337 
wounded, and 506 missing. General Meade at once felt 
the enemy's respective fronts, and captured and held the 
enemy's strongly intrenched picket line, in front of the 
2d and 6th Corps, and 834 prisoners. The enemy made 
desperate attempts to retake this line, but without suc- 
cess. Our loss in front of these was 52 killed, 864 
wounded, and 207 missing. The enemy's loss in killed 
and wounded was far greater. 

General Sherman, on the 27th, reported his troops in 
camp at Goldsboro, and added they would be ready for 
work by April 10. He proposed a movement to threaten 
Raleigh, and then, by turning suddenly to the right, 
reach the Roanoke or Gaston, or thereabouts, whence 
he could move on to the Richmond and Danville Rail- 
road, striking it in the vicinity of Burkesville, or join 



364 REBELLION BEGISTER. 

the armies operating against Richmond, as might be 
deemed best. This plan he was directed to carry into 
execution, if he received no further directions in the 
mean time. 

I had spent days of anxiety lest each morning should 
bring the report that the enemy had retreated the night 
before. I was firmly convinced that Sherman's crossing 
the Roanoke would be the signal for Lee to leave. I 
was therefore anxious for the movement, which com- 
menced on the morning of the 29th. At night the cav- 
alry was at Dinwiddle C. H., and the left of our infantry 
line extended to the Quaker road, near its intersection 
with the Boydton Plank-road. The position of the 
troops from right to left was as follows : Sheridan, War- 
ren, Humphreys, Ord, Wright, Parke. 

Every thing looked favorable to the defeat of the 
enemy, and the capture of Petersburg and Richmond, if 
the proper effort was made. 

From the night of the 29th to the morning of the 
31st the rain ^11 in such torrents as to make it im- 
possible to move wheeled vehicles, except as corduroy 
roads were laid in front of them. During the 30th, 
Sheridan advanced toward Five Forks, where he found 
the enemy in force. Warren advanced and extended his 
line across the Boydton Plank-road to near the White 
Oak road, where he fortified. Humphreys drove the 
enemy from his front into his main line on the Hatcher, 
near Burgess's Mills. Generals Ord, Wright, and Parke 
made examinations in their fronts, to determine the feasi- 
bility of an assault on the enemy's lines. The two latter 
reported favorably. Humphreys's corps was ordered to 
report to Sheridan ; but the condition of the roads pre- 
vented immediate movement. On the 31st, Warren was 
directed to get possesssion of the White Oak road. To 
accomplish this he moved with one division, which was 
attacked by the enemy in superior force, and driven back 
on the second division, and it, in turn, forced back upon 
the third division, when the enemy was checked. A 
division of the 2d Corps 'was immediately sent to his 
support, the enemy driven back with heavy loss, and 
possession of White Oak road gained. Sheridan ad- 
vanced, and, with a portion of his cavalry, got possessipn 



grant's official report. 365 

of the Five Forks, but the enemy reinforced the rebel 
cavalry defending that point with infantry, and forced 
him back toward Dinwiddie C. H. Here Sheridan displayed 
great generalship. Instead of retreating with his whole 
command on the main army, to tell the story of superior 
forces encountered, he deployed his cavalry on foot, 
leaving only mounted men enough to take charge of the 
horses. This compelled the enemy to deploy over a vast 
extent of woods and broken country, and made his prog- 
ress slow. He dispatched to me what had taken place, 
and that he was dropping back slowly on Dinwiddie C. 
H. Next morning, being reinforced by Warren, he drove 
the enemy back on Five Forksy where, late in the even- 
ing, he assaulted and carried his strongly-fortified po- 
sition, capturing all his artillery, and between 5,000 and 
6,000 prisoners. 

Some apprehensions filled my mind lest the enemy 
might desert his lines during the night, and by falling 
upon Sheridan before assistance could reach him, drive 
him from his position, and open the way for retreat. 
To guard against this, one division was sent to reinforce 
him, and a bombardment was commenced and kept up 
until four o'clock in the morning (April 2), when an 
assault was ordered on the enemy's lines. General 
Wright penetrated the lines with his whole corps, sweep- 
ing every thing before him and to his left, toward 
Hatcher's Run, capturing many guns and several thou- 
eand prisoners. He was closely followed by two divisions 
of General Ord's command, until he met the other divis- 
ion of Ord's that had succeeded in forcing the enemy's 
lines near Hatcher's Run. Generals Wright and Ord 
immediately swung to the right, and closed all the en- 
emy on that side of them in Petersburg, while Hum- 
phreys pushed forward with two divisions and joined 
Wright on the left. General Parke succeeded in carry- 
ing the enemy's main line, capturing guns and prisoners, 
but was unable to carry his inner line. Sheridan, being 
advised of the condition of affairs, returned General 
Miles to his proper command. On reaching the enemy's 
lines immediately surrounding Petersburg, a portion of 
General Gibbon's corps, by a most gallant charge, cap- 
tured two strong inclosed works— the most salient and 



366 REBELLION REGISTER. 

commanding soutli of Petersburg — thus materially short- 
ening the line of investment necessary for taking the 
city. The enemy south of Hatcher's Run retreated west- 
ward to Sutherland's Station, where they were overtaken 
by Miles's division. A severe engagement ensued, and 
lasted until both his right and left flanks were threat- 
ened by the approach of Sheridan, who was moving from 
Ford's Station toward Petersburg, and a division sent 
by Meade from the front of Petersburg, when he broke 
in the utmost confusion, leaving in our hands his guns 
and many prisoners. This force retreated by the main 
road along the Appomattox River. 

During the night of the 2d, the enemy evacuated 
Petersburg and Richmond, and retreated toward Pan- 
ville. On the morning of the 3d pursuit was com- 
menced. Sheridan pushed for the Danville road, keep- 
ing near the Appomattox, followed by Meade, with the 
2d and 6th Corps, while Ord moved from Burkesville 
along the Southside road, the 9th Corps stretching along 
that road behind him. On the 4th, Sheridan struck the 
Danville road near Jettersville, where he learned that 
Lee was at Amelia Court-house. He immediately in- 
trenched himself, and awaited the arrival of Meade, who 
reached there the next day. Ord reached Burkesville 
on the evening of the 5th. 

On the morning of the 6th, it was found that General 
Lee was moving west of Jettersville, toward Danville. 
General Sheridan moved with his cavalry, to strike his 
flank, while the 2d and 6th Corps pressed hard after, 
forcing him to abandon several hundred wagons and 
several pieces of artillery. General Ord advanced from 
Burkesville toward Farmville, sending two regiments of 
infantry and a squadron of cavalry, under General Read, 
to reach and destroy the bridges. This advance met 
the head of Lee's column near Farmville, which it hero- 
ically attacked and detained until General Read was 
killed and his small force overpowered. This caused a 
delay in the enemy's movements, and enabled Ord to 
get well up with the remainder of his force, on meet- 
ing which the enemy immediately intrenched himself. 
In the afternoon Sheridan struck the enemy south of 
Sailor's Creek, captured 16 pieces of artillery and about 



grant's official report, 367 

400 wagons, and detained him until the 6th Corps got 
up, when a general attack of infantry and cavalry was 
made, which resulted in the capture of 6,000 or 7,000 
prisoners, among whom were many general officers. The 
movements of the 2d Corps and Ord's command contrib- 
uted greatly to the day's success. 

On the morning of the 7th the pursuit was renewed, 
the cavalry (except one division) and the 5th Corps 
moving by Prince Edward's Court-house; the 6th Corps, 
General Ord's command, and one division of cavalry, on 
Farmville, and the 2d Corps by the High-bridge road. 
It was soon found that the enemy had crossed to the 
north side of the Appomattox, but so close was the 
pursuit that the 2d Corps got possession at High- 
bridge before the enemy could destroy it, and immedi- 
ately crossed over. The 6th Corps and a division of 
cavalry crossed at Farmville to its support. 

Feeling now that Lee's chance of escape was utterly 
hopeless, I addressed him a note, asking for the " sur- 
render of that portion of the Confederate States army 
known as the Army of Northern Virginia." A corre- 
spondence ensued, which resulted in the following: 

"Appomattox Court-house, Va., ) 
Ajpril 9, 1865. | . 
"General: In accordance with the substance of my 
letter to you of the 8th instant, I propose to receive 
the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on 
the following terms, to-wit: Rolls of all the officers 
and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given 
to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be 
retained by such officer or officers as you may desig- 
nate. The officers to give their individual parole not 
to take up arms against the Government of the United 
States until properly exchanged, and each company or 
regimental commander sign a like parole for the men 
of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public 
property to be packed and stacked, and turned over to 
the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will 
not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their pri- 
vate horses or baggage. This done, each officer and 
man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be 



368 KEBEHION REGISTER. 

disturbed by United States authority so long as they 
observe their paroles and the laws in force where they 
may reside. U. S. Grant, Lieutenant- General. 

General R. E. Lee. 

Head-quarters Army op Northern Virginia, ) 

April 9, 1865. ] 

General: I received your letter of this date con- 
taining the terms of surrender of the Army of North- 
ern Virginia, as proposed by you. As they are sub- 
stantially the same as those expressed in your letter of 
the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to 
designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations 
into effect. R. E. Lee, GeneraL 

Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant. 

The comman(fe of Generals Gibbon and Griffin, and 
McKenzie's cavalry, were designated to await the parol- 
ing of the surrendered army, and take charge of the 
public property. The remainder of the army immedi- 
ately returned to the vicinity of Burkesville. 

General Lee's great influence throughout the whole 
South caused his example to be followed, and to-day 
the result is that the armies lately under his leadership 
are at their homes, desiring peace and quiet, and their 
arms are in the hands of our ordnance officers. 

On the 14th, a correspondence was opened between 
Generals Sherman and Johnston, which resulted, on the 
18th, in an agreement for a suspension of hostilities, 
and a memorandum or basis for peace, subject to the 
approval of the President. The President's disapproval 
I communicated to General Sherman at Raleigh, North 
Carolina, on the 2J:th. He at once notified General 
Johnston of the termination of the truce. Another 
meeting between them on the 26th terminated in the 
surrender and disbandment of General Johnston's army, 
upon substantially the same terms as were given to Gen- 
eral Lee. 

The expedition under General Stoneman from East 
Tennessee got off on the 20th of March, moving by way 
of Boone, N. C., and struck the railroad at Wytheville, 
Chambersburg, and Big Lick, and thence to within a 
few miles of Lynchburg. At Salisbury he attacked and 



grant's official reporx'. 369 

defeated a force of the enemy under General Gardiner, 
capturing 14 guns and 1,364 prisoners, and destroyed 
large amounts of army stores. At this place he de- 
stroyed fifteen miles of railroad, and the bridges toward 
Charlotte. Thence he moved to Slatersville. 

The expedition under General Wilson, consisting of 
12,500 mounted men, was delayed by rains until March 
22, when it moved from Chickasaw, Ala. April 1, he 
met Forrest, in force, near Ebenezer Church, drove him 
in confusion, captured 300 prisoners and 3 guns, and 
destroyed the central bridge over the Cahawba River. 
On the 2d he captured Selma, defended by Forrest with 
7,000 men and 32 guns, destroyed the arsenal, armory, 
naval foundry, machine shops, vast quantities of stores, 
and captured 3,000 prisoners. He captured Tuscaloosa 
on the 4th, and occupied Montgomery on the 14th, the 
enemy having abandoned it. At this place many stores 
and five steamboats fell into our hands. Thence a force 
marched direct on Columbus, and another on West Point, 
both of which places were assaulted and captured on the 
16th. At the former place we got 1,500 prisoners and 
52 guns, destroyed two gun-boats, the navy-yard, found- 
ries, arsenal, many factories, and much other public prop- 
erty. At the latter place we got 300 prisoners, 4 guns, 
and destroyed 19 locomotives and 300 cars. On the 
20th he took possession of Macon, Ga., with 60 guns, 
1,200 militia, and 5 generals. General Wilson, hearing 
that Jefferson Davis was trying to make his escape, sent 
forces in pursuit, and succeeded in capturing him on the 
morning of May 11. 

General Canby commenced his movement against Mo- 
bile March 20, invested Spanish Fort on the 27th, which 
was captured April 8, and Fort Blakely next day. Mo- 
bile was evacuated on the night of the 11th, and occu- 
pied by our forces next morning. General Dick Taylor 
surrendered to General Canby all the remaining rebel 
forces east of the Mississippi May 4. 

General Sheridan, with a force sufficient to insure an 
easy triumph over Kirby Smith, west of the Mississippi, 
was immediately put in motion for Texas; but on May 
26 (before Sheridan reached his destination), Smith 
surrendered his entire command to Gei^eral Canby. The 
16* 



370 REBELLION REGISTER. 

bad faith was exhibited of first disbanding most of his 
army and permitting an indiscriminate plunder of public 
property. 

Owing to the report that many of those lately in arms 
against the Government had taken refuge upon the soil 
of Mexico, carrying with them arms rightfully belong- 
ing to the United States, which had been surrendered to 
us by agreement — among them some of the leaders who 
had surrendered in person — and the disturbed condition 
of affairs on the Rio Grande, the orders for troops to 
proceed to Texas were not changed. 

There have been severe combats, raids, expeditions 
and movements to defeat the designs and purposes of 
the enemy, most of them reflecting great credit on our 
arms, and which contributed greatly to our final tri- 
umph, that I have not mentioned. 

It has been my fortune to see the armies of both the 
West and the East fight battles, and, from what I have 
seen, I know there is no difference in their fighting 
qualities. All that it was pSsible for men to do in bat- 
tle they have done. The Western armies commenced 
their battles in the Mississippi Valley, and received their 
final surrender of the remnant of the principal army op- 
posed to them in North Carolina. The armies of the 
East commenced their battles on the river from which 
the Army of the Potomac derived its name, and received 
the final surrender of their old antagonist at Appomattox 
Court-house, Ta. The splendid achievements of each 
have nationalized our victories, removed all sectional 
jealousies (of which we have unfortunately experienced 
too much) and the cause of crimination and recrimina- 
tion that might have followed had either section failed 
in its duty. All have a proud record, and all sections 
can well congratulate themselves and each other for hav- 
ing done their full share in restoring the supremacy of 
law over every foot of territory belonging to the United 
States. Let them hope for perpetual peace and harmony 
with that enemy, whose manhood, however mistaken the 
cause, drew forth such Herculean deeds of valor. 



PARLIAMENTARY RULES. 

FOB THE GOVERNMENT OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES. 



A knowledge of the rules which regulate the forma- 
tion and order of business in public assemblies, is essen- 
tial to every well informed citizen. Every citizen ia 
obliged, at some time, to take part in the primary as- 
semblies of the people. These are constantly held, not 
merely for political purposes, but for those of business 
— commercial, literary, benevolent, or religious. In ad- 
dition to these primary assemblies, there are various 
and numerous organized associations, with some one or 
more of which almost ^^ry citizen is connected. The 
rules for the transaction of business in the assemblies, 
or associations, are substantially the same in all of them, 
the most important of which are substantially as fol- 
lows : 

ORGANIZATION. 

1. In regularly organized bodies, such as Congress, 
the State Legislatures, religious, political, or other as- 
sociations, the Constitution under which they act usually 
designates the title of their presiding officer, defines his 
duties, and provides for the mode of his appointment. 

2. When 2l primary assembly of the people, or of any 
part of them, is called together for any purpose, the first 
thing to be done is to choose a presiding officer, usually 
designated as Chairman. 

3. At the proper time some one rises, and moves that 
A. B. be appointed Chairman of the meeting. When 
this is seconded the person making the motion puts the 
question, and if it be carried. A, B. takes the chair as 
presiding officer. 

4. Regularly every public assembly should have a 
Secretary^ who is chosen in such manner as the body 
may direct. 

(371) 



373 REBELLION llEGISTER. 

5. The assembly may appoint such other officers as is 
deemed expedient; and on important occasions there 
are usually appointed several vice-presidents and addi- 
tional secretaries. 

6. In deliberate bodies composed of delegates, it is 
usual to effect a primary organization as above ; then 
appoint a committee on "Permanent Organization," 
who nominate permanent officers for the assembly; and 
a committee on " Credentials, " who prepare a list of 
those entitled to take part in the proceedings. 

7. Immediately before or after (usually after) the 
permanent organization there is appointed committees 
on Order of Business, Resolutions, Address, and such 
others as the case may require. 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

8. The presiding officer opens each sitting of the body 
by taking the chair and calling the members to order; 
he announces the business in order; receives all commu- 
nications, messages, motions, «and propositions; puts to 
vote all questions coming before the body for their de- 
cision ; and enforces the rules of order. He may read 
sitting, but should rise to state a motion or put a ques- 
tion. 

9. The Secretary keeps a record of the proceedings of 
the body; reads all papers as ordered; calls the roll of 
members and records their votes during a call for the 
ayes and nays; notifies committees of their appointment, 
and the business referred to them; and takes charge of 
all papers and documents belonging to the assembly. 

10. The Vice President takes the chair in the absence 
of the presiding officer, or when he leaves the chair to 
take part in the proceedings of the meeting. 

11. When other officers are chosen their duties are 
set forth in the resolution appointing them, or in the 
by-laws of the association. 

ORDER. 

12. 5h all assemblies any member may at any time 
rise to a point of order. He must distinctly state his 
question di objection, which the presiding officer will 
decide. 

13. Any member dissatisfied with the ruling of the 



PARLIAMENTARY RULES. 373 

chair may appeal to the assembly; and the presiding 
otficer muy call upon the house to sustain him in pre- 
serving order. The decision of the meeting is final. 

1-4. Every member must treat every other member 
with respect and decorum ; and especially must he ac- 
kiiuwledge the dignity of the body at large, and of the 
officers thereof. 

15. The chairman of an assembly cannot regularly 
speak to any thing but a point of order, or a question 
of fact. 

16. In general the chairman has his own vote no more, 
but in primary meetings he is usually entitled to the 
casting vote. 

17. If two persons rise to speak together, the chair- 
man determines which shall have precedence; it may, 
however, be referred to the house. 

18. A person speaking cannot regularly mention an- 
other member of the assembly by name. He must de- 
scribe him as "The gentleman who has just sat down, " 
"the gentleman on the other side of the question, etc. 

19. When a person rises to speak, he must address 
the presiding officer, who should call him by name, that 
the assembly may know who he is. 

20. The person speaking should confine himself to 
the question under debate, and avoid personality. If 
he transgress the rules of order, he may be called to 
order by the presiding officer, or any member. 

21. No one should be interrupted while speaking, ex- 
cept he be out of order, or to ask, or to make an expla- 
nation. 

22. A speaker may allow others to ask questions or 
make explanations ; but if he yield the floor, he cannot 
claim it again as his right. 

ORDER OF 'business. 

23. All business should be presented by a motion — 
and in writiftg, if so required — the motion to be made 
by one member and seconded by another. 

24. A question is not to be discussed until it is moved, 
seconded, and distinctly stated by the presiding officer. 

25. A question before the meeting cannot be with- 
drawn, except by unanimous consent. 



374 REBELLION REGISTER. 

26. A motion should contain but one distinct propo- 
sition, or question. If it contains more than one, it may 
be divided at the request of any member, and the ques- 
tions acted on separately. 

27. A motion before the meeting, must be put to vote, 
unless withdrawn, laid on the table, or postponed. 

28. A motion lost should not be renewed at the same 
meeting, unless under circumstances of peculiar ne- 
cessity. 

29. While a motion is under debate, no other motion 
can be allowed, except 

THE PRIVILEGED QUESTIONS. 

1. To adjourn. 

2. To lay on the table. 

3. For the previous question. 

4. To postpone to a day certain. 

5. To commit or amend. 

6. To postpone indefinitely. 

Which several motions shall have precedence in the 
order in which they are arranged ; and no motion to 
postpone to a day certain, to commit, or to postpone in- 
definitely, being decided, shall be again allowed on the 
game day, and of the same stage of the proposition. 

30. Motions to adjourn, to lay on the table, for the 
previous question, to commit, and to indefinitely post- 
pone, are not debatable. But when they are modified 
by some condition of time, place, or purpose, they be- 
come debatable, and subject to the rules of other 
motions. 

31. A motion to adjourn is always in order, except 
while the body is engaged in voting, on another ques- 
tion, or while a member is speaking. 

32. A body may adjourn to specified time. But if 
no time is mentioned, then it is understood to be ad- 
journed to the time of its next meeting; or if it have 
no other fixed time for meeting, then an "adjournment 
without date is equivalent to a dissolution. 

33. If a meeting votes to adjourn at a specified hour, 
no vote is requisite when that hour arrives. The chair 
simply announces that the meeting stands adjourned. 

34. By adjournment the condition of things is not 



PARLIAMEXTARA' RULES. 375 

changed; and when the body meet again, every thing is 
renewed at the point where it was left. 

35. Immediate and decisive action, on any question, 
may be deferred by a vote to lay the resolution pending 
on the tahle^ whence it can be ordered up when it suits 
the convenience of the assembly. 

36. When any question is before the House, any mem- 
ber may move the previous question^ which is: "Shall 
the main question be now put;" if it pass, then the 
main question is to be put immediately, without debate 
or amendment ; but if lost, then the main question is 
not put, and the discussion goes on. 

37. A postponement to a day certain, is used when a 
proposition is made which it is proper to act on — but 
information is wanted, or . something more pressing 
claims present attention. 

38. An indefinite postponement is considered equiva- 
lent to a final dismissal of the question. 

39. The meeting may decide to take up some particu- 
lar business, at a specified time. That business becomes 
the order of the day, and when the hour specified ar- 
rives the chair announces the order of the day and other 
business is suspended. 

40. Questions relating to the rights and privileges of 
the meeting, and of its members, are of primary im- 
portance, and for the time take precedence of all other 
business, and supercede all other motions, except that 
of adjournment. 

41. When a question has been decided it is in order 
for any member who voted with the majority to move at 
the same or next succeeding sitting of the body for a 
reconsideration thereof. A question reconsidered is 
placed again before the body for action. 

COMMITTEES. 

42. All committees shall be appointed by the pre- 
siding officer, unless otherwise directed. If voted for 
by the body it requires a majority (in the absence of 
any other rule) of all the votes cast to elect. 

43. The first one named in the appointment of a com- 
mittee is by courtesy considered the chairman ; but the 
committee have the right to appoint their own chairman. 



376 REBELLION REGISTER. 

44. Any subject in debate, or matter of business, may 
be referred to a committee, with or without instructions; 
the committee to report the result of their investigations 
to the meeting. 

45. The report of a committee is accepted by a vote, 
which simply acknowledges the service of the commitee, 
and places their report before the meeting for its action. 
Afterwards, any distinct proposition or recommenda- 
tion contained in the report, is separately acted on, and 
may be adopted or rejected. 

46. A majority of a committee constitutes a quorum 
for business, who may meet where they please, but they 
cannot act except when together; and nothing can be 
the report of the committee except what is agreed upon 
in committee. 

AMENDMENTS. 

47. Amendments may be made to motions by omit- 
ting, adding or substituting, words or sentences, and 
amendments to amendments, are in order. 

48. The amendment should be discussed and voted 
on first, and then the original resolution, as amended. 

49. No amendment should be made, which essentially 
changes the nature or design of the original resolution. 

50. But 2i substitute may be offered for any motion or 
amendment under debate, which may or may not change 
the design of the motion. 

51. It is in order to move an amendment to strike out 
certain words and insert others; — this being rejected, it 
is in order to move to strike out, and insert a different 
set of words; this being rejected, it is in order to move 
to strike out the same words, and insert nothing; be- 
cause each of these is a distinct proposition differing 
from the others. But it must be recollected, that it is 
not in order, if the motion to strike out and insert A. is 
carried, to move an amendment to strike out A. and insert 
B. To avoid this dilemma, the mover of B. must give 
notice, pending the motion to insert A., that he intends 
to move the insertion of B., in which case, he will gain 
the votes of all who prefer the amendment B. to the 
amendment A., in opposition to A. But, after A. is in- 
serted, it is in order to move an amendment by striking 
out the whole, or part of the origimil paragraph, in- 



PARLIAMENTARY RULES. 3*7 

eluding A. ; for this is essentially a different proposition 
from that to strike out A. merely. 

QUORUM. 

52. In every constitutionally organized body, there 
must be some number fixed, which are sufficient to do 
business. This number is called a quorum, and is 
usually designated in the Constitution under which the 
body acts. Sometimes a quorum consists of a definite 
number of members; sometimes of two-thirds of all 
the members; but usually, as in Congress, of a majority 
of the members. 

53. When a quorum is necessary to do business, in 
general, the chair should not be taken by the presiding 
officer till that quorum is present. And whenever, in 
the progress of business, it is observed that a quorum is 
not present, any member may call for a count of the 
House ; and a quorum being found wanting, business 
must be suspended. 

54. In primary assemblies of the people, there is, of 
course, no number requisite to constitute a quorum, and 
it frequently happens that a very small number of per- 
sons act for a large community. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

55. The question is first put on the affirmative, and 
then on the negative side ; till which, it is not a full 
question; but in the eases of small matters, such as re- 
ceiving reports, petitions, reading papers, etc., the pre- 
siding officer may presume consent unless some objec- 
tion be formally made; which saves the time of taking 
votes on matters of mere routine. 

56. In putting a question the presiding officer de- 
clares whether the yeas or nays have it by the sound, if 
he be himself satisfied; if he be not satisfied, or if any 
member express dissatisfaction, the body is divided, 
usually by rising. The ayes first rise, and are counted 
standing in their places, by the chair or by tellers, as 
the case may be, then they sit; and the noes ries, and 
are counted in the same manner. 

57. If the result be a tie (unless the chair give the 
casting vote, or if his vote makes the tie) the motion i$ 
lost. 



378 REBELLION REGISTER. 

58. A mistake in the announcement of a vote may be 
rectified after the result is announced. 

59. There is precedent that a member may change 
his vote if it be done before any other business is 
taken up. 

60. Where different numbers are suggested for filling 
blanks, the highest number, greatest distance, and 
longest time, are usually voted on first. 

61. A rule of order may be suspended by a vote of 
the meeting, to allow of transacting business which 
could not otherwise be done. 

62. The chair has a right to name any one to act for 
him, but this substitution does not extend beyond the 
first adjournment. 



INDEX. 



Address, Lincoln's Second Inauscurul 315 

Address, Washington's Farewell. 29'^ 

Amendments to the Constitution 294 

Amnesty Proclamation, Johnson's 258 

Amnesty Proclamation, Lincoln's 255 

Articles of Confederation 271 

Bounties 250 

Constitution of the United Starps 281 

Declaration of Independence 265 

Democratic Platform of 1864 263 

Emancipation Proclamation 251 

Government of the United States 317 

Grant's Official Report 341 

Habeas Corpus 319 

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address 315 

National Debt of the United States 248 

National Debts of the World 249 

National Platforms of 1864 261 

National Securities 247 

Parliamentary Rules 371 

Political Platforms of 1864 ^ 261 

Proclamations 251 

Public Debt (See National Debt) 248 

Rebellitm Register 5 

States — Their settlement, formation as Territories, admission 
into the Union, Area, Population in 1860, Suffrage Laws, 

General Election, &o., &c 320 

Territories 337 

Union Platform of 1864 261 

United States Government 317 

Volunteers, No. from each State 250 

Volunteers, Aggregates reduced to a 3 years standard 250 

Volunteers, Bounties paid to 250 

Washington's Farewell Address 298 



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